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Physics Holiday Homework

The document summarizes fingerprint sensors and how they work. Fingerprint sensors use optical or capacitive scanning to generate a digital image of a fingerprint. The image is analyzed to extract the fingerprint pattern, which is then encoded and stored. During matching, a new fingerprint is scanned and compared to stored templates to authenticate the user. Fingerprint sensors provide security but also have disadvantages like costs, privacy concerns, and potential for bias or inaccuracy.

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Nischay Verma
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49 views12 pages

Physics Holiday Homework

The document summarizes fingerprint sensors and how they work. Fingerprint sensors use optical or capacitive scanning to generate a digital image of a fingerprint. The image is analyzed to extract the fingerprint pattern, which is then encoded and stored. During matching, a new fingerprint is scanned and compared to stored templates to authenticate the user. Fingerprint sensors provide security but also have disadvantages like costs, privacy concerns, and potential for bias or inaccuracy.

Uploaded by

Nischay Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fingerprint sensors

Nischay Verma
XII-D
17
AV-2082/2010
Introduction

A fingerprint scanner is a type of technology that identifies


and authenticates the fingerprints of an individual in
order to grant or deny access to a computer system or a
physical facility.
It is a type of biometric security technology that utilizes
the combination of hardware and software techniques
to identify the fingerprint scans of an individual.
Principle Involved

The working principle of the fingerprint sensor mainly depends on the


processing. The fingerprint processing mainly includes two
elements namely enrollment and matching. In fingerprint enrolling,
every user requires to place the finger twice.
So that the system will check the finger images to process as well as
to generate a pattern of the finger and it will be stored. When
matching, a user places the finger using an optical sensor then the
system will produce a pattern of the finger & compares it with the
finger library templates.
Theory
There are two three ways of scanning fingers. An optical scanner
works by shining a bright light over your fingerprint and taking
what is effectively a digital photograph. If you've ever photocopied
your hand, you'll know exactly how this works. Instead of
producing a dirty black photocopy, the image feeds into a
computer scanner. The scanner uses a light-sensitive microchip
(either a CCD, charge-coupled device, or a CMOS image sensor) to
produce a digital image. The computer analyzes the image
automatically, selecting just the fingerprint, and then uses
sophisticated pattern-matching software to turn it into a code.
Theory
Another type of scanner, known as a capacitive scanner,
measures your finger electrically. When your finger rests on a
surface, the ridges in your fingerprints touch the surface while
the hollows between the ridges stand slightly clear of it. In other
words, there are varying distances between each part of your
finger and the surface below. A capacitive scanner builds up a
picture of your fingerprint by measuring these distances. While
capacitive scanners are faster and more secure than optical
ones, they don't work well in moisture (if your fingers are wet)
and they can be damaged by static electricity.
Diagram

Working
The sensor avails a light-penetrating microprocessor that can either be a
chargecoupled device or a CCD, or a CMOS image sensor. In doing so, this
creates a digital picture. Following this, the processor examines the image
mechanically, choosing just the fingerprint, and then uses refined pattern-
identical software to turn it into encryption.
This is merely how one type of scanner works. In the other kind, i.e., the capacitive
type of scanners, the scanner scans the gaps between our ridges.
So when a person places his or her hand on any object, the ridges are the part that
touches the surface. Therefore, these ridges are logged and the gaps distances
are measured. In this way, the pattern is recorded. In other words, it means the
distance between two ridges that never came in contact with the surface is
noted down.
Applications

• Biometrics Sensors are used in a variety of commercial


applications like computer login, electronic data security,
internet access, credit cards, ATMs, mobile phones, etc.
• Several Government applications like ID Cards, driver’s
license, passport etc.
• Law enforcement and forensic applications like identification
of culprits, corpses, parenthood determination etc.
Advantages

• High security and assurance – Biometric identification


provides the answers to “something a person has and is”
and helps verify identity
• User Experience – Convenient and fast
• Non-transferrable – Everyone has access to a unique set of
biometrics
• Spoof-proof – Biometrics are hard to fake or steal
Disadvantages
• Costs – Significant investment needed in biometrics for
security
• Data breaches – Biometric databases can still be hacked
• Tracking and data – Biometric devices like facial recognition
systems can limit privacy for users
• Bias – Machine learning and algorithms must be very
advanced to minimize biometric demographic bias
• False positives and inaccuracy – False rejects and false accepts
can still occur preventing select users from accessing systems
Conclusion
The conclusion of the report is the fingerprint sensor
authentication is the key to solve many problems related to fake
entries and security attacks there seems to be some exits some
disadvantages over the advantages for using fingerprint sensor
this is one reason why such systems are yet not widely used but
the advantages mentioned above are so important and people
want to benefit from them that the disadvantages will be more
and more reduced in future the fingerprint is the only biometric
type which is very easy to take handle and operated using recent
developments in image processing
Bibliography
• www.google.com
• www.miteksystems.com
• www.electronicshub.org
• www.circuitstoday.com
• www.lifewire.com

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