Safety in Confined Space

Examples of Confined Spaces
Examples of Confined Spaces:

Examples of Confined Spaces:
Storage Tanks
Silos
Tunnels
Confined Space Entry Team
• Entrant – employee
authorized by employer to
enter permit space.
• Attendant – individual stationed

outside the confined space who
monitors authorized entrants.
• Entry Supervisor – a
qualified person who
evaluates the hazards,
prescribed required
equipment and precautions.
Duties of Entrant
• Recognize potential hazards that may
be encountered during the entry.
• Respond to emergencies, which
includes methods for self rescue.
• Recognize symptoms and warning
signs of exposure to potential hazards
or prohibited conditions.
• Notify the attendant of any emergency
or unacceptable condition in the
confined space.
• Exit the confined space immediately if
symptoms, warning signs occur or if
directed by the attendant or entry
supervisor.
• Inspect for hazards during entry
activities.
Duties of Attendant
• Provide standby assistance to
entrants entering the confined
space.
• Direct entrants to exit the
confined space when any
irregularities are observed.
• Initiate evacuation and
emergency procedures.
• Monitor for any conditions or
changes that could adversely
affect the entry.
• Remain at the entry point
unless relieved by another
attendant or until the entry is
completed or terminated.
• Know the requirements of the confined space entry program.
• Verify that all required actions have been taken prior
Duties of endorsing the permit and allowing entry to begin.
• Verify that rescue services are available prior to and
Entry throughout the entry.
Supervisor • Communicate the status and requirements of the entry to
other Entry Supervisor whenever the Entry Supervisor is
changed.
• Terminate entry, assure removal of personnel and equipment,
and revoke or cancel the permit when required.
Why is working in a
confined space more • The entrance/exit of the confined space
might not allow the worker to get out easily
hazardous than should there be a flood or collapse of free-
working in other flowing solid
workspaces?
Why is working in a
confined space more
hazardous than working in
other workspaces?
Self-rescue by the worker is

more difficult
Rescue of the victim is more

difficult. The interior
configuration of the confined
space often does not allow
easy movement of people or
equipment within it.
Why is working in a • Natural ventilation alone will often not sufficient
confined space more to maintain breathable quality air. The interior
hazardous than working in configuration of the confined space does not
other workspaces? allow easy movement of air within it.
Why is working in a confined space more hazardous than working in
other workspaces?
• Conditions can change very quickly

• The space outside the confined space can impact on the conditions inside the
confined space and vice versa.
Why is working in a
confined space more
hazardous than
working in other
workspaces?
• Work activities may

introduce hazards that
were not present
initially.
• Lack of communication
between the workers in
the space, the
attendant and the
emergency response
team
Reducing Risk of
Hazards
Post signs to alert employees to the dangers
of confined spaces.
Reducing Risk
of Hazards
Use barriers and post

signage to keep
unauthorized
employees/workers
out of permit spaces.
Reducing Risk of
Hazards
• Conduct air monitoring
and other tests to identify
and evaluate hazards in
each permit.
• Ventilate, eliminate, or
control the space’s
atmospheric hazards
before entry into the
space.
Reducing Risk of
Hazards
• A worker entering a
confined space must
be equipped with
appropriate PPE
relative to the hazard
present in the confined
space.
Control of
Hazards
1. Training and Education
➢ Training of workers for
entering and working
in confined space is
essential to familiarize
them with potential
hazards, the proper
use of life saving
equipment and
emergency
procedures.
➢ All workers who must
enter the confined
space, attendants, and
rescue members must
undergo the training
prior to initial work
assignment.
Control of
Hazards
1. Training and Education
➢ Retraining on:
➢ Job duties changes
➢ Change in Permit
Space Program
➢ New hazards
➢ Job performance
which indicates
deficiencies
Control of
Hazards
2. Develop and use a written
confined space entry
program
➢ Use a Work Permit
(Confined Space Entry
Permit) that is properly
completed by the
designated competent
person.
Control of
Hazards
2. Develop and use a written
confined space entry program
➢ Assess risks and determine
what precautions to take.
➢ Assessment include the
following
➢ the task
➢ the working
environment
➢ the suitability of
those carrying out
the task
➢ arrangement for
emergency rescue
Control of Hazards
2. Develop and use a written confined space entry
program
➢ Arrangements foe emergency rescue
➢ Worker assigned to remain outside the
confined space and be in constant contact
with the workers inside.
➢ Know emergency rescue procedure (50%
of workers who die in confined spaces are
would-be rescuers.
➢ Trained in use of emergency rescue
equipment and PPE.
➢ Untrained persons MUST NOT ATTEMPT
RESCUE
Control of
Hazards
3. Ventilation
➢ Ventilation by a blower
or fan may be necessary
to supply fresh air to
breathe and to remove
harmful gases and
vapors from a confined
space.
➢ A ventilation system may
be either mechanical,
natural, or combination
of both.
Safety in Confined Spaces
• Confined Space, Deadly Space
• OSHA Confined Space

Safety in Confined Space

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Examples of Confined Spaces

Examples of Confined Spaces:

• Attendant – individual stationed

Self-rescue by the worker is

Rescue of the victim is more

• Conditions can change very quickly

• Work activities may

Use barriers and post

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