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Lab 2

This document summarizes the procedures for conducting three laboratory experiments on a 1-φ transformer: 1. Open circuit test to determine equivalent circuit parameters and losses with no load. 2. Short circuit test to determine additional equivalent circuit parameters and losses under a short circuit. 3. Load test to analyze transformer performance under varying resistive loads and calculate efficiency, regulation, and power losses. Plots of key parameters are generated from the test results.

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Marc Alfred
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88 views

Lab 2

This document summarizes the procedures for conducting three laboratory experiments on a 1-φ transformer: 1. Open circuit test to determine equivalent circuit parameters and losses with no load. 2. Short circuit test to determine additional equivalent circuit parameters and losses under a short circuit. 3. Load test to analyze transformer performance under varying resistive loads and calculate efficiency, regulation, and power losses. Plots of key parameters are generated from the test results.

Uploaded by

Marc Alfred
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTE 320 Laboratory Session #2

Group No. : ____ Name(s) : ________________________________________________ I.D. : ________________________________________________


NOTE: Students must strictly follow all of the safety precautions. In case of any question or concern, please contact LAB INSTRUCTOR or TA. ________________________________________________________________________

PART 1: 1- Transformer.
A: Open circuit test
Preparing experiment: 1. Note down the nameplate details of the transformer. Nameplate Details of the Transformer Parameter Rated Output Voltage of HV winding Voltage of LV winding Frequency Type of Transformer No. of Phases 2. 3. Make connections as per the circuit diagram (see Fig.1 and read Note). Ask the Lab Instructor/TA to check the connections before energizing. Value

Conducting experiment: 4. Make sure that the 1- variable autotransformer is kept in ZERO position initially.

5. 6.

Energize the circuit; adjust the autotransformer to the values specified in the table#1 and record Io, V2 and Pc in each step. De-energize the circuit and remove the connections. (Note: H1 and H2 terminals for High Voltage winding and X1 and X2 terminals for Low Voltage winding)
Electronic Wattmeter

Transformer X1 H1

1f
120 V 60 Hz

V A A X2 H2

V2

1f
Varible Autotransformer

Figure#1: Open Circuit Test

Table#1 V1 (V) Io (A) V2 (V) Pc (W) Note: * rated value. Test Results: 1. Plot the input voltage, V1, versus no load input current, Io . (attach the plot to this report) 2. Plot the core loss, Pc, versus input voltage, V1. (attach the plot to this report) 3. Calculate the equivalent circuit parameters from this test. 0 25 50 75 100 120* 130 140

4. What are the power losses that occur in the open circuit test and how to reduce the losses?

5. Which losses are negligible in this test and why?

6. What will happen to the transformer if double the rated voltage is applied to the winding?

B: Short circuit test


Preparing experiment: 1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram (see Fig. 2). 2. Calculate the rated value of current (I1) in the HV side and its percentage values specified in the Table#2. 3. Ask the Lab Instructor/TA to check the connections and verify the calculated values.

Conducting experiment: 4. Make sure that the 1- variable autotransformer is kept in ZERO position initially.

5. Energize the circuit; vary the autotransformer SLOWLY ; adjust the current close enough to the calculated values in the Table 2 and record V1, I1 and Psc in each step. 6. De-energize the circuit and remove the connections.

(Note: observe the current while varying the autotransformer output)


Electronic Wattmeter

Transformer H1 X1

1f
120 V 60 Hz

V A A H2 X2

1f
Varible Autotransformer

Figure#2: Short Circuit Test

Table#2 % of rated I1 I1 (A) (Calculated) * I1 (A) (Measured) V1 (V) Psc (W) Note: * I1 (Calculated) can be calculated from the nameplate details. Test Results: 1. Calculate the equivalent circuit parameters from this test. 0 25 50 75 100

2. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit of a 1- transformer referred to LV side and indicate their values (values obtained from OC test and SC test)?

3. What are the power losses that occur in the short circuit test?

4. Which losses are negligible in this test and why?

5. What will happen to the transformer if rated voltage is applied to the winding during short circuit test?

6. What will happen to the transformer, if DC voltage is applied to the primary winding?

C: Load test
Preparing experiment: 1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram (see Fig. 3). 2. Calculate the rated value of current (I2) in the LV side and its percentage values specified in the Table#3. 3. Ask the Lab Instructor/TA to check the connections and verify the calculated values.

Conducting experiment: 4. Make sure that the 3- variable autotransformer is kept in ZERO position initially. 5. To energize the circuit; vary the autotransformer SLOWLY until V2 reads 120V at no load. Make no further voltage adjustments. Apply load in 5 steps to cause I2 to vary from zero to 110% of the rated value of current (I2). Use clamp on meter to measure I2. Record V2, I1, V1 and Pin in each step. 6. De-energize the circuit and remove the connections.
A

3f
208 V 60 Hz

Electronic Wattmeter B

Transformer H1 X1

V A A H2 X2

V2

Load

3f Variable Autotransformer

Table#3 % of rated I2 I2 (A) (Calculated) * I2 (A) (Measured) I1 (A) V1 (V) V2 (V) Pin (W) 0 25 50 75 100 110

Note: * I2 (Calculated) can be calculated from the nameplate details.

Test Results: 1. Calculate and complete Table#4. Show sample calculations for Pout, Efficiency and % regulation. Calculate % of rated I2 0 25 50 75 100 110 % reg. = [V2(no load) - V2(load)] / V2(load) 2. Using load current I2 as the horizontal coordinate plot the following curves on one sheet. (a) % reg. (b) Efficiency (c) Copper loss (attach the plot to this report) I2 (A) Copper loss (W) Pout (W) Efficiency % reg.

Table#4:

3.

What are the performance parameters to judge a transformer whether its a good or bad?

4.

Explain why the secondary terminal voltage is decreased with an increase in load current?

5.

What is the purpose of transformer in long distance power transmission?

6.

What do you understand by the term Electrical Isolation? and what is the advantage of it?

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