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Answer these questions about the rooted tree illustrated.

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Discrete... Intermediate Numerical

Algebra Methods fo
6th Edition 4th Edition 6th Edition

a)  Which vertex is the root? View all solutions

b)Which vertices are internal?

c)  Which vertices are leaves?

d)Which vertices are children of j?

e)  Which vertex is the parent of h?

f)   Which vertices are siblings of o?

g)  Which vertices are ancestors of m?

h)Which vertices are descendants of b?

Step-by-step solution

Step 1 of 17

Recall the following:

(i) A rooted tree is a tree in which one vertex has been designated as the root and every edge is
directed away from the root.

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Step 2 of 17
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(ii) If is a vertex of a tree other than the root, the parent of is the unique vertex such that
Chapter
there is10.1, Problem
a directed edge 3E
from to .
5 Bookmarks Show all steps: ON

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Step 3 of 17

(iii) When is the parent of , then is called a child of .

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Step 4 of 17

(iv) Vertices with the same parent are called siblings

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Step 5 of 17

(v) The ancestors of a vertex other than the root are the vertices in the path from the root to this
vertex excluding the vertex it self.

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Step 6 of 17

(vi) The descendants of a vertex are those vertices that have an ancestor.

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Step 7 of 17

(vii) A vertex of a tree is called a leaf if it has no children.

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Step 8 of 17

(viii) Vertices that have children are called internal vertices. The root is an internal vertex unless it
is the only vertex in the graph.

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Step 9 of 17

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Chapter 10.1, Problem 3E 5 Bookmarks Show all steps: ON

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Step 10 of 17

a)

The vertex is called the root of the above tree as every edge of the tree is directed away
from the vertex

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Submit

Step 11 of 17

b)

The vertices are all internal vertices of the above tree since they all
have at least one child.

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Step 12 of 17

c)

The vertices are all leaves of the above tree since they are the
vertices without children.

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Step 13 of 17

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The children of the are the vertices that are at the end of the edges that are directed way from
. 5 Bookmarks Show all steps:
Chapter 10.1, Problem 3E ON

Thus, the children of the are the vertices

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Step 14 of 17

e)

The parent of is as there is a directed edge from

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Step 15 of 17

f)

The only sibling of the vertex in the above tree is the vertex as they both have the same
parent .

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Step 16 of 17

g)

The ancestors of are as they are the vertices on the unique simple path from
back to the root.

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Step 17 of 17

h)

The descendants of are as they are the vertices that have as an

ancestor.

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