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Cell Structure Function

The document discusses cell structure and function. It outlines cell theory, defining cells as the smallest units capable of life functions. Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei while eukaryotic cells contain organelles surrounded by membranes. The structures and organelles of a typical animal and plant cell are then described, including the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, and chloroplasts.

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Lindley Pareño
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39 views

Cell Structure Function

The document discusses cell structure and function. It outlines cell theory, defining cells as the smallest units capable of life functions. Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack nuclei while eukaryotic cells contain organelles surrounded by membranes. The structures and organelles of a typical animal and plant cell are then described, including the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, and chloroplasts.

Uploaded by

Lindley Pareño
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Structure & Function

Cell Theory

● All living things are made up of cells.


● Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
● All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell

● A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells

1. Amoeba Proteus
2. Plant Stem
3. Bacteria
4. Nerve Cell
5. Red blood cell

Two Types of Cells

● Prokaryotic (no nucleus)


● Eukaryotic (contains a nucleus)

Prokaryotic

● Do not have structures surrounded by membranes


● Few internal structures
● One-celled organisms,
● Bacteria

Eukaryotic
● Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
● Most living organisms
● Plant cell
● Animal cell
“Typical” Animal Cell “Typical” Plant Cell

Cell Parts:

Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

1. Cell Membrane
● Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
● Double layer

2. Cell Wall
● Surrounding the Cell
● Only in plant cells & bacteria
● Outer membrane that supports & protects cells
● Made of cellulose

Inside the cell:

1. Nucleus
● Inside the Cell
● Directs cell activities
● Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
● Contains genetic material – DNA
● A structure called the nucleolus is also found in the nucleus.
2. Nuclear Membrane
● Surrounds nucleus
● Made of two layers
● Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

3. Chromosomes
● In nucleus
● Made of DNA
● Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

4. Nucleolus
● Inside nucleus
● Contains RNA to build proteins

5. Cytoplasm
● Gel-like mixture
● Surrounded by cell membrane
● Contains hereditary material

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum
● Moves materials around in cell
● Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
● Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

7. Ribosomes
● Each cell contains thousands
● Make proteins
● Found on Rough E.R & floating throughout the cell

8. Mitochondria
● Produces energy throughchemical reactions –breaking down fats &carbohydrates
● Controls level of water and other materials in cell
● Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

9. Golgi Bodies
● Protein 'packaging plant'
● Move materials within the cell
● Move materials out of the cell

10. Lysosome
● Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
● Removes waste
● Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
11. Vacuoles
● Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
● Contains water solution
● Help plants maintain shape
● Found only in plants

12. Chloroplast
● Usually found in plant cells
● Contains green chlorophyll
● Where photosynthesis takes place

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