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DLP Sequence and Series

The document discusses sequences and series in pre-calculus. It defines a sequence as a function with domain as positive integers, and a series as the sum of terms in a sequence. It provides examples of arithmetic and geometric sequences, and the formulas to calculate the nth term and sum of terms in arithmetic and geometric series. Examples are given of finding the nth term, recognizing patterns in sequences, and calculating sums of arithmetic and geometric series. An activity at the end asks students to solve problems involving arithmetic and geometric sequences and series.

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131 views3 pages

DLP Sequence and Series

The document discusses sequences and series in pre-calculus. It defines a sequence as a function with domain as positive integers, and a series as the sum of terms in a sequence. It provides examples of arithmetic and geometric sequences, and the formulas to calculate the nth term and sum of terms in arithmetic and geometric series. Examples are given of finding the nth term, recognizing patterns in sequences, and calculating sums of arithmetic and geometric series. An activity at the end asks students to solve problems involving arithmetic and geometric sequences and series.

Uploaded by

sunshine sunoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

Jose Abad Santos Campus


Basic Education Department – Senior High School
3058 Taft Avenue Pasay City

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: _________________________


Grade/ Section/ Strand: ____________________________________Teacher: _________________________

I. Topic: Pre- Calculus


 Sequence and Series
II. Learning Competency: The students shall be able to illustrate a series and differentiate a series from sequence.

III. Concept Notes:

 A sequence is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers or the set {1, 2, 3,..., n}
-is a list of numbers separated by commas
-with nth term an is usually denoted by {an}
- the associated series is given by S= a1 + a2 +a3 + ...+ an

 A series represents the sum of the terms of sequence.


-if a sequence is finite, we will refer to the sum of the terms of the sequence as the series associated with
sequence. If sequence has infinitely many terms, the sum is defined more precisely in calculus.
-is a sum of numbers separated by “+” or “-” sign.

 Arithmetic Sequences – is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding a constant called
the common difference to the preceding term.
Formula: an = a1 +d (n-1)
Where: an = nth term,
a1 = first term
d = common difference
n= number of terms

-then associated arithmetic series with n terms is given by


n ( a1 + an ) n [ 2 a1 +d ( n−1 ) ]
S n= =
2 2
Where Sn = sum of the terms
a1 = first term
an = nth term,
n= number of terms

 Geometric Sequence – is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the preceding
term by a constant called the common ratio.
Formula: an = a1 r n-1
Where: an = nth term
a1 = first term
r = common ratio
n= number of terms

-the associated geometric series with nth terms is given by

(1−r ¿¿ n)
sn=a1 ¿
1−r

Where Sn = sum of the terms


a1 = first term
r = common ratio
n= number of terms

II. Examples:
 Sequence
{1, 2, 3, 4, ...} – is an infinite sequence
{1, 3, 5, 7} – is a finite
{4, 3, 2, 1} is 4 to 1 backwards
{1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ...} is an infinite sequence where every term doubles
{a, b, c, d, e} is the sequence of the first 5 letters alphabetically
{f, r, e, d} is the sequence of letters in the name "fred"
{0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...} is the sequence of alternating 0s and 1s (yes they are in order, it is an alternating order in this case)

 Series
-1+1-1+1-1
1+2+22+23+24
1+0.1+0.001+0.0001
1+3+6+10+15+21+...+55

Example 1 : Arithmetic Sequence


1,4,7,10,13, ... This sequence has a difference of 3 between each number
An = 1 + 3 (6-1) An = 1+3 (5) An = 1+15 An = 16

Example 2: Arithmetic Series


1,4,7,10,13
5
Sn = ( 1 + 13) Sn = 2.5 (14) Sn = 35
2

Example 2.1: Arithmetic Series: 4 + 9 + 14 + … + 64


13(4+ 64)
Common difference an = a1 +d (n-1)64 = 5n – 1 S n= Sn = 442
2
13(68)
9–4=5 64 = 4+ 5 (n-1) 64 + 1= 5n S n=
2
884
14 - 9 = 5 64 = 4 + 5n – 5 65 = 5n S n=
2
d=5 13 = n

Example 3: Geometric Sequence


2,4,8,16,32 ... This sequence has a factor of 2 between each number.
An = 2(26-1) An = 2(25) An = 64
Example 6: Geometric Series
3, 15, 75, 375

3(1−5 4 ) 3(−624) −1872


Sn = Sn = Sn = Sn = 468
1−5 −4 −4

III.Activity:

Solve the following problems. Show your solution.

1. A theatre has 32 rows of seats. If there are 26 seats in the 1st row, 30 in the 2nd, 34 in the 3rd, and so on, how many
seats are there in all? Assume the pattern continues 9.

2. A construction company will be penalized each day of delay in construction for bridge. The penalty will be Php
40,000 for the first day and will increase by Php 100,000 for each following day. Based on its budget, the company can
afford to pay a maximum of Php 1,650,000 toward penalty. Find the maximum number of days by which the
completion of work can be delayed

3. If a clock strikes once at 1'o clock, twice at 2'o clock and so on. How many times will it strike a day?

4. A virus reproduces by dividing into two, and after a certain growth period, it divides into two again. As the virus
continues to reproduce, it will continue to divide in two. How many viruses will be in a system starting with a single
virus AFTER 10 divisions?
5. A gardener plans to construct a trapezoidal shaped structure in his garden. The longer side of trapezoid needs to start
with a row of 97 bricks. Each row must be decreased by 2 bricks on each end  and the construction should stop at
25th row. How many bricks does he need to buy ?

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