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12 Fluids at Rest

This document discusses concepts related to fluids at rest, including specific gravity, density, pressure, buoyancy, and their applications in calculating volume, weight, force, and other properties. Example problems cover topics like finding the mass of an object using its volume displacement in water, calculating pressure at different ocean depths, determining the weight required to submerge an object, and more. Solutions to selected problems are provided.

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Jerico Llovido
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113 views2 pages

12 Fluids at Rest

This document discusses concepts related to fluids at rest, including specific gravity, density, pressure, buoyancy, and their applications in calculating volume, weight, force, and other properties. Example problems cover topics like finding the mass of an object using its volume displacement in water, calculating pressure at different ocean depths, determining the weight required to submerge an object, and more. Solutions to selected problems are provided.

Uploaded by

Jerico Llovido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 12 – Fluids at Rest

1. An irregular gold nugget is found, but no balance is available to determine its mass. Water is poured
into a graduate, and when the nugget is dropped into the water the reading increases by 3.75 cm3.
What is the mass of the nugget? Specific gravity of gold = 19.3.
2. The densest element, osmium, has a specific gravity of 22.5. (a) What is the weight of a cubic inch of
osmium? (a) What is the weight of a cubic inch of osmium? (b) What is the volume of 150 lb of this
metal?
Ans. 0.813 lb/in3; 185 in3.
3. A liter of milk has mass of 1,032 g. It contains 4.0 percent butterfat is 0.865. What is the density of
the fat-free skimmed milk?
4. Uranium has a specific gravity of 18.7. (a) What is the weight of a cubic inch? (b) How large a volume
could a man carry if he can lift a load of 200 lb?
Ans. 0.675 lb; 296 in3.
5. A box whose base is 1.0 m square has a mass of 100 kg. What is the pressure beneath the box?
6. A vertical force of 4.0 oz pushes a phonograph needle against the record surface. If the point of the
needle has an area of 0.0010 in2, find the pressure in pounds per square inch.
Ans. 2.5 x 102 lb/in2
7. To what pressure can a 500-N man raise the air pressure in an automobile tire if he uses a simple
pump without levers and the area of cross section of the piston is 20 cm?
8. Calculate the appropriate pressure in pounds per square inch sustained by submarines at a 200-ft
depth in the ocean; by Professor Beebe’s bathysphere at a depth of 1,426 ft; by anything in the
deepest part of the ocean, 35,000 ft. Assume density of salt water to be 64.4 lb/ft 3.
Ans. 90 lb/in2; 640 lb/in2; 15,600 lb/in2.
9. If the casing of an oil well 150 m deep is full of water, what is the pressure at the bottom due to the
weight of water?
10. The barometric pressure is 30.0 in of mercury. Express this in pounds per square foot and in pounds
per square inch and millimeters of mercury.
Ans. 2,120 lb/ft3; 14.7 lb/in2; 762 mm.
11. A vertical U tube is partly filled with mercury and a solution of unknown specific gravity is poured
into one arm. The surface of separation of the liquids is at 6.35 cm on the scale, the free surface of
the mercury at 8.46 cm, and the free surface of the solution at 24.84 cm. Find the specific gravity of
the solution.
12. A swimming tank 50 ft long and 20 ft wide has a sloping floor so that the water is 4.0 ft deep at one
end and 7.0 ft deep at the other. Find the total force due to the water on the bottom and that on
each end.
Ans. 340,000 lb; 10,000 lb; 31,000 lb.
13. In constructing a concrete wall of a basement, a form is built 15.0 ft high and 30.0 ft long. There is a
space of 6.0 in between the form and the earthen bank. After a heavy rain the 6.0-in. space fills with
water to a depth of 8.0 ft. What is the force on the form?
14. Find the force tending to crush an outside hatch of a submarine 2.00 ft 2 in area when the boat is 100
ft below the surface of the sea. Specific gravity of sea water is 1.03.
Ans. 12,900 lb
15. An irregularly shaped piece of metal of density 7.80 g/cm 3 weighs 429 g when completely immersed
in nitrobenzene, which has a density of 1.20 g/cm 3. Find the volume of the piece of metal.
16. When a polar bear jumps on an iceberg, he notices that his 420-lb weight is just sufficient to sink the
iceberg. What is the weight of the iceberg?
17. A rectangular scow 150 ft long and 15.0 ft wide weighs 50,000 lb. Find the depth of freshwater
required to float it.

1
Chapter 12 – Fluids at Rest

18. A barge has vertical sides and a flat bottom of 320 ft2 area. When partly filled, the barge is
immersed in freshwater to a depth of 2.00 ft. Upon removal of the load the barge rises 16.0 in. (a)
What is the approximate weight of the barge? (b) What vertical displacement will result if a 10-ton
truck is loaded on the barge?
Ans. 13,300 lb; 1.0 ft
19. A solid grass sphere has a weight of 21.0 lb in air and an apparent weight of 14.0 lb when immersed
in turpentine. When immersed in water its apparent weight is 11.6 lb. Calculate the specific gravity
of the glass and that of the turpentine. Find the density of each.
20. A 2.0-lb iron ball is supported by a wire and immersed in oil of specific gravity 0.80. What is the
tension in the wire? The specific gravity of iron is 7.8.
Ans. 1.8 lb
21. Water from city mains with a pressure of 75 lb/in 2 is used to operate a hydraulic lift in a garage. If
the piston area is 1.50 ft 2 and the efficiency is 90 percent, what is the maximum load that can be
raised?
22. A stone of specific gravity 2.50 starts from rest and sinks in a freshwater lake. Allowing for a 25
percent frictional force, calculate the distance the stone sinks in 3.00 s.
Ans. 1,980 cm
23. What is the net lifting ability of a balloon containing 400 m 3 of hydrogen, the mass of the balloon
without gas being 250 kg, if the density of air is 1,200 g/m 3?
24. A 165-lb man floats with nearly all his body below the surface of a lake. What is his volume?
Ans. 2.65 ft3
25. The volume of an air bubble increases tenfold in rising from the bottom of a lake to its surface. If the
height of the barometer is 762.0 mm, and if the temperature of the air bubble is constant, what is
the depth of the lake?
26. What volume of lead of specific gravity 11.3 must be placed on top of a 20.0-g block of cork of
specific gravity 0.240 to cause the cork to be barely submerged in water?
Ans. 5.61 cm3
27. A tube 120 cm long, closed at one end, is half-filled with mercury and then inverted into a mercury
trough in such a way that no air escapes from the tube. If the barometric pressure is 75 cm, what is
the height of the mercury column inside the tube?
28. A diver and his suit weigh 200 lb. It requires 30.0 lb of lead to sink him in freshwater. If the specific
gravity of lead is 11.3, what is the volume of the diver and his suit?
Ans. 3.96 ft3
29. The volume of a tire is 1,500 in3 when the pressure is 30 lb/in 2 above atmospheric pressure. (a)
What volume will this air occupy at atmospheric pressure? Assume that atmospheric pressure is 15
lb/in2. (b) How much air will come out of the tire when the valve is removed?
30. A stone weighs 30.0 lb in air and 21.0 lb in water. What is its (a) specific gravity, (b) weight-density,
and (c) volume?
Ans. 3.33; 208 lb/ft3, 0.144 ft3

END

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