Important Questions For CBSE Class 11 Physics Chapter 4
Important Questions For CBSE Class 11 Physics Chapter 4
Physics
Chapter 4 – Motion in A Plane
6. Two vectors A and B are perpendicular to each other. What is the value
of A B ?
Ans: We know, 90
A B ABcos
AB 0
7. What will be the effect on horizontal range of a projectile when its initial
8. What will be the effect on maximum height of a projectile when its angle
of projection is changed from 30 to 60 , keeping the same initial velocity of
projection?
Ans: The maximum height will be three times the initial vertical height.
10. A body is moving on a curved path with a constant speed. What is the
nature of its acceleration?
Ans: Acceleration should be perpendicular to the direction of motion and the
nature is called as centripetal acceleration.
12. Pick out the two scalar quantities in the following list:
force, angular momentum, work, current, linear momentum, electric field,
average velocity, magnetic moment, relative velocity.
Ans: Work and current are scalar quantities.
Work done is expressed by the dot product of force and displacement. Because
the dot product of two quantities is always a scalar, work is a scalar physical
quantity.
Current is expressed only by its magnitude. Its direction is not taken into
consideration. Therefore, it is a scalar quantity.
3. Prove that for elevations which exceed or fall short of 45 by equal
amounts the ranges are equal.
4. At what range will a radar set show a fighter plane flying at 3km above
its centre and at distance of 4km from it?
Ans: Here, the straight distance of the object from the radar can be given as OB
OB 42 32
OB 16 9
OB 25
OB 5
Range 5km
5. Two forces 5kg wt and 10kg wt are acting with an inclination of 120
between them. What is the angle which the resultant makes with 10kg wt ?
Ans: We can write,
10.Find a unit vector parallel to the resultant of the vectors A 2iˆ 3jˆ 4kˆ
and B 3iˆ 5jˆ kˆ .
R
Ans: We know that R̂
R
R A B 2iˆ 3jˆ 4kˆ 3iˆ 5jˆ kˆ
R 5iˆ 2ˆj 5kˆ
R 52 2 52
2
R 25 4 25
R 54
5iˆ 2jˆ 5kˆ
R̂ , which is the required unit vector.
54
11. A stone tied at the end of string is whirled in a circle. If the string breaks,
12. What are the two angles of projection of a projectile projected with
velocity 30m / s , so that the horizontal range is 45m . Take, g 10m / s2 .
Ans: We can write,
u 2 sin 2 302 sin 2
R 45
g 10
450
sin 2 2
30
1
sin 2
2
2 30 or150
15 or 75 , which are the two required angles of projection.
13. The blades of an aeroplane propeller are rotating at the rate of 600
revolutions per minute. Calculate its angular velocity.
Ans: We can write,
600rev / min
600
rev / sec
60
600
2 2
60
20rad / sec , which is the required angular velocity.
14. What is a uniform circular motion? Explain the terms time period,
frequency and angular velocity. Establish relation between them.
Ans: When an object moves in a circular path with constant speed then the motion
is said to be a uniform circular motion
Time period can be defined as the time taken by the object to complete one
revolution
Frequency can be given as the total number of revolutions in one second.
Angular velocity can be stated as the time rate of change of angular displacement.
R B sin 2 60 R B
u2 u2 3
R A : R B 1:1
g g 2
Case 2:
When 30
u2 u2 1
H A sin 30 H A
2
g g 4
When 60
u2 u2 3
H B sin 60 H B H A : H B 1: 3 , which is the required ratio.
2
g g 4
16. Read each statement below carefully and state with reasons, if it is true
or false:
(a) The magnitude of a vector is always a scalar.
Ans: True.
The magnitude of a vector is a number. Therefore, it is a scalar.
(d) the average speed of a particle (defined as total path length divided by
the time taken to cover the path) is either greater or equal to the
magnitude of average velocity of the particle over the same interval of
time.
Ans: True.
It is because of the fact that the total path length is always greater than or equal
to the magnitude of displacement of a particle.
(e) Three vectors not lying in a plane can never add up to give a null
vector.
Ans: True.
Three vectors, which do not lie in a plane, cannot be represented by the sides
of a triangle taken in the same order.
17. State with reasons, whether the following algebraic operations with
scalar and vector physical quantities are meaningful:
(a) adding any two scalars
Ans: Meaningful.
The addition of two scalar quantities is meaningful only if they both represent
the same physical quantity.
18. Three girls skating on a circular ice ground of radius 200m start from a
point P on the edge of the ground and reach a point Q diametrically opposite
to P following different paths as shown in Fig. 4.20. What is the magnitude
of the displacement vector for each? For which girl is this equal to the actual
length of the path skated?
Ans: Displacement can be given by the minimum distance between the initial and
final positions of a particle. In the given case, all the girls start from point P and
reach point Q. The magnitudes of their displacements will be equal to the
diameter of the ground.
Radius of the ground can be given as 200m
Diameter of the ground 2 200 400m
Therefore, the magnitude of the displacement for each girl is 400m . This is equal
to the actual length of the path skated by girl B.
19. A man can swim with a speed of 4.0km / h in still water. How long does
he take to cross a river 1km wide if the river flows steadily at 3.0km / h and
he makes his strokes normal to the river current? How far down the river
does he go when he reaches the other bank?
20. A stone tied to the end of a string 80cm long is whirled in a horizontal
circle with a constant speed. If the stone makes 14 revolutions in 25s , what
is the magnitude and direction of acceleration of the stone?
Ans: Length of the string is given as, l 80cm 0.8m
Number of revolutions 14
Time taken 25s
No.of revolutions 14
Frequency, Hz
Time taken 25
Angular frequency can be given as, 2
22 14 88
2 rad / s
7 25 25
Centripetal acceleration can be given as,
2
88
a c r a c 0.8 a c 9.91m / s 2
2
25
The direction of centripetal acceleration is directed along the string, toward the
centre, at all points.
22. Read each statement below carefully and state, with reasons, if it is true
or false:
(a) The net acceleration of a particle in circular motion is always along the
radius of the circle towards the centre
Ans: False.
The net acceleration of a particle in circular motion is not always directed along
the radius of the circle toward the centre. It happens only in the case of uniform
circular motion.
(b) The velocity vector of a particle at a point is always along the tangent
to the path of the particle at that point
Ans: True.
At a point on a circular path, a particle appears to move tangentially to the
circular path on which it is moving.
Therefore, the velocity vector of the particle is always along the tangent at a
point.
24. The position of a particle is given by r 3tiˆ 2t 2ˆj 4kˆ m where t is in
seconds and the coefficients have the proper units for r to be in metres.
(a) Find the v and a of the particle.
Ans: The position of the particle is given by: r 3tiˆ 2t 2ˆj 4kˆ
Velocity v , of the particle is given as:
v
dr d ˆ
dt dt
3ti 2t 2ˆj 4kˆ v 3iˆ 4tjˆ
Acceleration a , of the particle is given as:
a
dv d ˆ
dt dt
3i 4tjˆ a 4ˆj
25. For any arbitrary motion in space, which of the following relations are
true:
(The ‘average’ stands for average of the quantity over the time interval t 1 to
t2 )
1
(a) vaverage v t1 v t 2
2
Ans: False.
r t 2 r t1
(b) vaverage
t 2 t1
Ans: True.
The arbitrary motion of the particle can be represented by this equation.
(c) v t v 0 at
Ans: False.
The motion of the particle is arbitrary. The acceleration of the particle may also
be non-uniform. Therefore, this equation cannot represent the motion of the
particle in space.
1
(d) r t r 0 v 0 t at 2
2
Ans: False.
The motion of the particle is arbitrary; acceleration of the particle may also be
non-uniform. Therefore, this equation cannot represent the motion of particle
in space.
v t 2 v t1
(e) aaverage
t 2 t1
Ans: True.
The arbitrary motion of the particle can be represented by this equation.
26. Read each statement below carefully and state, with reasons and
examples, if it is true or false:
A scalar quantity is one that
(a) is conserved in a process
Ans: False.
Nevertheless, being a scalar quantity, energy is not conserved in inelastic
collisions.
(e) has the same value for observers with different orientations of axes
Ans: True.
The value of a scalar does not vary for observers with different orientations of
axes.
27.
(a) A vector has magnitude and direction. Does it have a location in space?
Ans: No.
Generally, a vector has no definite locations in space. This is due to a vector
remains invariant when displaced in such a way that its magnitude and
direction remain the same. However, a position vector has a definite location
in space.
28.
(a) A vector has both magnitude and direction. Does it mean that anything
that has magnitude and direction is necessarily a vector?
Ans: No.
(b) The rotation of a body can be specified by the direction of the axis of
rotation, and the angle of rotation about the axis. Does that make any
rotation a vector?
Ans: No.
Generally, the rotation of a body about an axis is not a vector quantity as it
does not follow the law of vector addition. But a rotation by a certain small
angle follows the law of vector addition and is therefore considered a vector.
(c) a sphere?
Ans: No.
One cannot relate a vector with the volume of a sphere. However, an area
vector can be related with the area of a sphere.
1
s ut at 2
2
s x, u u , t t , a 0
x ut
x
t …… (1)
u
For vertical motion,
1
s ut at 2
2
3.
(a) Define time of flight and horizontal range.
Ans: The time taken by the projectile to complete its trajectory is defined as
time of flight.
The maximum horizontal distance covered by the projectile from the foot of
the tower to the point where projectile hits the ground is defined as horizontal
range.
(b) From a certain height above the ground a stone A is dropped gently.
Simultaneously another stone B is fired horizontally. Which of the two
stones will arrive on the ground earlier?
Ans: Both the stones will reach the ground simultaneously since the initial
vertical velocity in both cases is zero and both are falling with same
acceleration equal to acceleration due to gravity.
2g 2
2
Here, vertical component of velocity is zero.
1
K.E.H mv2 cos2
2
Here,
v c Velocity of the cyclist
v r Velocity of falling rain
To protect herself from the rain, the woman should hold her umbrella in the
direction of the relative velocity (v) of the rain with respect to the woman.
v v t vc v 30 10 20m / s
Now,
v 10
tan c
v r 30
tan 1 0.333 18
Therefore, the woman must hold the umbrella toward the south, at an angle of
nearly 18 with the vertical.
8. The ceiling of a long hall is 25m high. What is the maximum horizontal
distance that a ball thrown with a speed of 40m / s can go without hitting the
ceiling of the hall?
Ans: Given that,
Speed of the ball is given as, u 40m / s
Maximum height is given as, h = 25 m
In projectile motion, the maximum height attained by a body projected at an angle
θ, is given by the formula:
u 2 sin 2
h
2g
402
25
2 9.8
sin 0.30625
2
sin 0.5534
(c) The magnitude of a can never be greater than the sum of the
magnitudes of b , c , and d .
Ans: Correct.
abcd0
a bcd
Taking modulus both sides, we obtain:
a bcd
a b c d ...... (1)
Equation (1) shows that the magnitude of a is equal to or less than the sum of
the magnitude of b , c , and d .
Therefore, the magnitude of vector a can never be greater than the sum of the
magnitudes of b , c , and d .
(d) b c must lie in the plane of a and d if a and d are not collinear, and
in the line.
Ans: Correct.
For a b c d 0
a b c d 0
The resultant sum of the three vectors a , b c , and d is equal to zero only if
b c lie in a plane containing a and d , assuming that these three vectors are
represented by the three sides of a triangle.
If a and d are collinear, then it implies that the vector b c is in the line of
a and d. This statement holds only when the vector sum of all the vectors will
be zero.
2. In a harbour, wind is blowing at the speed of 72km / h and the flag on the
mast of a boat anchored in the harbour flutters along the N-E direction. If
the boat starts moving at a speed of 51km / h to the north, what is the
direction of the flag on the mast of the boat?
Ans: Velocity of the boat is given as v b 51km / h
Velocity of the wind is given as v w 72km / h
The flag is fluttering in the north-east direction. It means that the wind is blowing
toward the north-east direction. When the ship starts sailing toward the north, the
H
2g
360000 cos2 19.5
H
2 10
H 18000 0.943
2
H 16006.42m
H 16km , which is the required height.
In ADC ,
AC AD DC
2 2 2
BD CD
cos and sin
BC BC
R 2 P2 Q2 2PQcos
sin 2 cos2 1
R P2 Q2 2PQcos
Hence proved.
(b) a b a b
Ans: Let two vectors a and b be represented by the adjacent sides of a
parallelogram OMNP, as depicted in the given figure.
(d) a b a b
Ans: Let two vectors and be represented by the adjacent sides of a
parallelogram PORS, as shown in the given figure.
ˆ / s and
4. A particle starts from the origin at t 0s with a velocity of 10jm
moves in the x-y plane with a constant acceleration of 8iˆ 2jˆ m / s 2 .
(a) At what time is the x-coordinate of the particle 16m ? What is the y-
coordinate of the particle at that time?
Ans: Velocity of the particle is given as v 10.0ˆjm / s
dv ˆ ˆ
Acceleration of the particle is given as a 8i 2 j
dt
Also,
a 8iˆ 2ˆj
But,
5. î and ĵ are unit vectors along x- and y-axis respectively. What is the
magnitude and direction of the vectors ˆi ˆj , and ˆi ˆj ? What are the
components of a vector along the directions of ˆi ˆj and ˆi ˆj ? [You may use
graphical method]
Ans: Let us consider a vector P , given as:
P ˆi ˆj
P ˆi P ˆj ˆi ˆj
x y
P
tan y
Px
1
tan 1 45
1
Therefore, the vector ˆi ˆj makes an angle of 45 with the x-axis.
Let Q ˆi ˆj
Q
tan y
Qx
1
tan 1 45
1
Therefore, the vector makes an angle of 45 .
It is given that:
A 2iˆ 3jˆ
A ˆi A ˆj 2iˆ 3jˆ
x y
13 cos 901.31
ˆi ˆj
13
2
sin11.30 ˆi ˆj
2.550 0.1961 ˆi ˆj
5
0.5 ˆi ˆj 2
10
1
2
ac 0.7m / s
80
The situation is depicted in the provided figure:
Let us suppose the cyclist begins cycling from point P and moves toward point
Q. At point Q, he applies the brakes and decelerates the speed of the bicycle by
0.5m / s2 .
This acceleration is along the tangent at Q and in opposite direction to the
direction of motion of the cyclist.
Because the angle between a c and a t is 90 , the resultant acceleration a is given
by:
a a c2 a t 2
a 0.7 2 0.52
a 0.74 0.86m / s2
a
tan c
at
Where is the angle of the resultant with the direction of velocity.
0.7
tan 1.4
0.5
tan 1 1.4
54.46 , which is the required angle of direction here.
7.
(a) Show that for a projectile the angle between the velocity and the x-axis
v gt
as a function of time is given by t tan1 0y
v0x
Ans: Let v 0x and v0 y respectively be the initial components of the velocity of
the projectile along horizontal (x) and vertical (y) directions.
Let and respectively be the horizontal and vertical components of velocity at a
point P.
(b) Show that the projection angle for a projectile launched from the
4h
origin is given by t tan 1 m , where the symbols have their
R
usual meaning.
u 0 2 sin 2
Ans: Maximum vertical height can be given as, h m …… (1)
2g
u 0 2 sin 2
Horizontal range can be given as, R …… (2)
g
Solving equations (1) and (2), we obtain:
h m sin 2
R sin 2
h sin sin
m
R 2 2sin cos
h 1 sin 1
m tan
R 4 cos 4
Now,