HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVE & IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVE Example 2| Find the second derivative for each of the following functions
( a ) Q ( t ) = sec ( 5t )
A higher-order derivative refers to the repeated process of taking derivatives of
( b ) g ( w ) = e1− 2 w
3

derivatives. Higher-order derivatives are applied to sketch curves, motion problems,

and other applications. (c) f = ( t ) ln (1 + t 2 )
Solution:
Example 1| Find the first four derivatives for each of the following
1 ( a ) Q ( t ) = sec ( 5t )
( a ) R ( t ) = 3t 2
+ 8t 2
+e t
Q ' ( t ) = 5sec ( 5t ) tan ( 5t )
( b ) y = cos ( x ) = Q " ( t ) 25sec ( 5t ) tan ( 5t ) tan ( 5t ) + 25sec ( 5t )
( c ) f ( y=) sin ( 3 y ) + e−2 y + ln ( 7 y ) = 25sec ( 5t ) tan 2 ( 5t ) + 25sec3 ( 5t )
Solution:
1
( b ) g ( w ) = e1− 2 w
3

( a ) R ( t ) = 3t 2
+ 8t 2 +e t
( b ) y = cos ( x ) g ' ( w ) = −6 w2 e1− 2 w
3
1
y ' = − sin ( x )
−
R ' (t ) =
6t + 4t 2 + et
g " ( w) =
3
− 6 w ( −6 w ) e1− 2 w
3
−12 we1− 2 w
−
3
y " = − cos ( x )
R "(t )
3 3
6 − 2t 2
= + et −12 we1− 2 w + 36 w4 e1− 2 w
=
5 y ''' = sin ( x )
−
( t ) 3t
R "'= 2 + et
7
y ( ) = cos ( x )
4
(c) f =
(t ) (
ln 1 + t 2 )
15 −
R( ) =
4 t
− t 2 +e 2t
2 f ' (t ) =
1+ t2
( c ) f ( y=) sin ( 3 y ) + e −2 y + ln ( 7 y )
( )
2 1 + t 2 − ( 2t )( 2t )
1 f "(t ) =
f ' ( y=
) 3cos ( 3 y ) − 2e (1 + t )
−2 y 2
+ 2
y
= 3cos ( 3 y ) − 2e −2 y + y −1 2 − 2t 2
=
(1 + t )
2
f "( y ) =
−9 sin ( 3 y ) + 4e −2 y − y −2
2

f ''' ( y ) =
−27 cos ( 3 y ) − 8e −2 y + 2 y −3
f ( ) ( y=
) 81sin ( 3 y ) + 16e−2 y − 6 y −4
4

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 HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVE & IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION ( b ) x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 =
5
 dy  dy
In implicit differentiation, we differentiate each side of an equation with two variables 2 x +  2 ( y ) + 2 x (1)  + 2 y = 0
 dx  dx
(usually x and y) by treating one of the variables as a function of the other.
dy dy
2x + 2y = −2 x − 2 x
dx dx
Example 1| Find the derivatives for each of the following
dy − ( x + y )
( a ) x3 + y 3 = 8
dx
=
x+ y
( b ) x + 2 xy + y 2
2
dy
=−1 =Answer !
( c ) 5 xy − y3 = 8 dx
( d ) tan ( xy ) = 7
( e ) sec2 ( xy )  y + x
dy 
0
=
( c ) 5 xy − y3 =
8
 dx  dy dy
5 y + 5 x (1)
− 3y2 0
=
(f) x2 + y 2 =
36 dx dx
dy dy
dy − x 5x − 3y2 −5 y
=
(g) = dx dx
dx y
Solution:
dy
dx
(
5x − 3 y 2 =
−5 y )
( a ) x3 + y 3 =
8 dy −5 y
= = Answer !
dx 5 x − 3 y 2
(x 3
+ y3 ) dydx =
dy
dx
[8]
dy
3x 2 + 3 y 2
dx
= 0 ( d ) tan ( xy ) = 7
dy  dy 
3 y2 = −3 x 2 sec 2 ( xy )  y + x (1)  = 0
dx  dx 
dy − x 2 dy
= = Answer ! y sec 2 ( xy ) + x sec 2 ( xy ) = 0
dx
dx y2
dy
x sec 2 ( xy ) = − y sec 2 ( xy )
dx
dy − y sec ( xy )
2
=
dx x sec 2 ( xy )
dy y
= −
dx x

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 HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVE & IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

 −x 
−y + x 
dy  2
( e ) sec2 ( xy )  y + x 0
= d y
=  y 
 dx  dx 2 y2
1  2  dy   1 x2
sec ( xy )  y + x dx   = [ 0] −y −
sec ( xy ) 
2
   sec ( xy )
2
d2y y
=
dy dx 2 y2
y+x 0
=
dx − y 2 − x2
dy − y 2
d y y
= = Answer ! =
dx x dx 2 y2

=
2
(
d2y − x + y
=
2
)
Answer !
(f) x2 + y 2 =
36
dx 2 y3
x2 + y 2 = 36
d  2 d
x + y 2  =[36]
dx   dx
dy
2x + 2 y = 0
dx
dy
2y = −2 x
dx
dy − x
=
dx y
dy − x
(g) =
dx y
d dy
y [− x] − ( − x ) [ y ]
d2y dx dx
2
= 2
dx y
dy
y ( −1) + x
d2y dx
=
dx 2 y2

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