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Trigonometry Formulas

In Trigonometry, different types of problems can be

solved using trigonometry formulas. These problems
may include trigonometric ratios (sin, cos, tan, sec,
cosec and cot), Pythagorean identities, product
identities, etc. Some formulas including the sign of ratios
in different quadrants, involving co-function identities
(shifting angles), sum & difference identities, double
angle identities, half-angle identities, etc., are also given
in brief here.

Learning and memorizing these mathematics formulas

in trigonometry will help the students of Classes 10, 11,
and 12 to score good marks in this concept. They can
Jnd the trigonometry table along with inverse
trigonometry formulas to solve the problems based on
them.

Trigonometry Formulas PDF

Below is the link given to download the pdf format of
Trigonometry formulas for free so that students can
learn them oNine too.

Download Trigonometry Formulas

here

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with

triangles. Trigonometry is also known as the study of
relationships between lengths and angles of triangles.

There are an enormous number of uses of trigonometry

and its formulae. For example, the technique of
triangulation is used in Geography to measure the
distance between landmarks; in Astronomy, to measure
the distance to nearby stars and also in satellite
navigation systems.

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Trigonometry Formulas List

When we learn about trigonometric formulas, we
consider them for right-angled triangles only. In a right-
angled triangle, we have 3 sides namely – Hypotenuse,
Opposite side (Perpendicular), and Adjacent side (Base).
The longest side is known as the hypotenuse, the side
opposite to the angle is perpendicular and the side where
both hypotenuse and opposite side rests is the adjacent
side.

Here is the list of formulas for trigonometry.

Basic Formulas
Reciprocal Identities
Trigonometry Table
Periodic Identities
Co-function Identities
Sum and Difference Identities
Double Angle Identities
Triple Angle Identities
Half Angle Identities
Product Identities
Sum to Product Identities
Inverse Trigonometry Formulas

Basic Trigonometric Function

Formulas
There are basically 6 ratios used for Jnding the elements
in Trigonometry. They are called trigonometric functions.
The six trigonometric functions are sine, cosine, secant,
cosecant, tangent and cotangent.

By using a right-angled triangle as a reference, the

trigonometric functions and identities are derived:

sin θ = Opposite Side/Hypotenuse
cos θ = Adjacent Side/Hypotenuse
tan θ = Opposite Side/Adjacent Side
sec θ = Hypotenuse/Adjacent Side
cosec θ = Hypotenuse/Opposite Side
cot θ = Adjacent Side/Opposite Side

Reciprocal Identities
The Reciprocal Identities are given as:

cosec θ = 1/sin θ
sec θ = 1/cos θ
cot θ = 1/tan θ
sin θ = 1/cosec θ
cos θ = 1/sec θ
tan θ = 1/cot θ

All these are taken from a right-angled triangle. When the

height and base side of the right triangle are known, we
can Jnd out the sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant,
and cotangent values using trigonometric formulas. The
reciprocal trigonometric identities are also derived by
using the trigonometric functions.

Trigonometry Table
Below is the table for trigonometry formulas for angles
that are commonly used for solving problems.

1 2 3
Angles 3 4 6 9
0 8 7 6
(In 0 5 0 0
° 0 0 0
Degrees) ° ° ° °
° ° °

3
Angles π π π π
π 2
(In 0 / / / / π
/ π
Radians) 6 4 3 2
2

1 √
1
/ 3 -
sin 0 / 1 0 0
√ / 1
2
2 2

√ 1
1
3 / -
cos 1 / 0 0 1
/ √ 1
2
2 2

1
/ √
tan 0 1 ∞ 0 ∞ 0
√ 3
3

1
√ /
cot ∞ 1 0 ∞ 0 ∞
3 √
3

2
√ / -
cosec ∞ 2 1 ∞ ∞
2 √ 1
3

2
/ √ -
sec 1 2 ∞ ∞ 1
√ 2 1
3

Periodicity Identities (in Radians)

These formulas are used to shift the angles by π/2, π, 2π,
etc. They are also called co-function identities.

sin (π/2 – A) = cos A & cos (π/2 – A) = sin A

sin (π/2 + A) = cos A & cos (π/2 + A) = – sin A
sin (3π/2 – A)  = – cos A & cos (3π/2 – A)  = – sin
A
sin (3π/2 + A) = – cos A & cos (3π/2 + A) = sin A
sin (π – A) = sin A &  cos (π – A) = – cos A
sin (π + A) = – sin A & cos (π + A) = – cos A
sin (2π – A) = – sin A & cos (2π – A) = cos A
sin (2π + A) = sin A & cos (2π + A) = cos A

All trigonometric identities are cyclic in nature. They

repeat themselves after this periodicity constant. This
periodicity constant is different for different
trigonometric identities. tan 45° = tan 225° but this is
true for cos 45° and cos 225°. Refer to the above
trigonometry table to verify the values.

Cofunction Identities (in Degrees)

The co-function or periodic identities can also be
represented in degrees as:

sin(90°−x) = cos x
cos(90°−x) = sin x
tan(90°−x) = cot x
cot(90°−x) = tan x
sec(90°−x) = cosec x
cosec(90°−x) = sec x

Sum & Difference Identities

sin(x+y) = sin(x)cos(y)+cos(x)sin(y)
cos(x+y) = cos(x)cos(y)–sin(x)sin(y)
tan x+tan y
tan(x + y) = 1−tan x.tan y
sin(x–y) = sin(x)cos(y)–cos(x)sin(y)
cos(x–y) = cos(x)cos(y) + sin(x)sin(y)
tan x−tan y
tan(x − y) = 1+tan x.tan y

Double Angle Identities

2tan x
sin(2x) = 2sin x. cos x = 1+tan2x
1−tan2x
cos 2x = cos2x–sin2x = 1+tan2x
cos(2x) = 2cos2(x)−1 = 1–2sin2(x)
2tan x
tan 2x = 1−tan2x
2x
sec 2x = 2−sec
sec2x
(sec x.cosec x)
cosec 2x = 2

Triple Angle Identities

Sin 3x = 3sin x – 4sin3x
Cos 3x = 4cos3x-3cos x
3 tan x−tan3x
T an 3x = 1−3tan2x

Half Angle Identities

= ±√ 1−cos x
sin x
2 2

= ±√ 1+cos x
cos x
2 2

tan( x2 ) = √ 1−cos( ) x
1+cos(x)

Also,

tan( x2 ) = √ 1−cos( ) x
1+cos( )
x

= √ (1+cos(x))(1−cos(x))
(1−cos(x))(1−cos(x))

= √ 1−cos2(x)
(1−cos(x)) 2

=√
(1−cos(x))2
sin2(x)

1−cos(x)
= sin(x)
So,
1−cos(x)
tan( x2 ) = sin(x)

Product identities
sin(x+y)+sin(x−y)
sin x ⋅ cos y = 2
cos(x+y)+cos(x−y)
cos x ⋅ cos y = 2
cos(x−y)−cos(x+y)
sin x ⋅ sin y = 2

Sum to Product Identities

x+y x−y
sin x + sin y = 2 sin 2 cos 2
x − sin y = 2 cos +2 sin −2
x y x y
sin
x + cos y = 2 cos +2 cos −2
x y x y
cos
x − cos y = −2 sin +2 sin −2
x y x y
cos

Inverse Trigonometry Formulas

sin-1 (–x) = – sin-1 x
cos-1 (–x) = π – cos-1 x
tan-1 (–x) = – tan-1 x
cosec-1 (–x) = – cosec-1 x
sec-1 (–x) = π – sec-1 x
cot-1 (–x) = π – cot-1 x

What is Sin 3x Formula?

Sin 3x is the sine of three times of an angle in a right-
angled triangle, which is expressed as:

Sin 3x = 3sin x – 4sin3x

Trigonometry Formulas From Class

10 to Class 12
Trigonometry Formulas For Class 12

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 11

Trigonometry Formulas For Class 10

Trigonometry Formulas Major

systems
All trigonometric formulas are divided into two major
systems:

Trigonometric Identities
Trigonometric Ratios

Trigonometric Identities are formulas that involve

Trigonometric functions. These identities are true for all
values of the variables. Trigonometric Ratio is known for
the relationship between the measurement of the angles
and the length of the sides of the right triangle.

Here we provide a list of all Trigonometry formulas for

the students. These formulas are helpful for the students
in solving problems based on these formulas or any
trigonometric application. Along with these,
trigonometric identities help us to derive the
trigonometric formulas if they appear in the examination.

We also provided the basic trigonometric table pdf that

gives the relation of all trigonometric functions along
with their standard values. These trigonometric formulae
are helpful in determining the domain, range, and value
of a compound trigonometric function. Students can
refer to the formulas provided below or download the
trigonometric formulas pdf provided above.

Video Lesson on Trigonometry

68,819

Solved Problems
Q.1:

What is the value of (sin 30° + cos 30°) – (sin 60° + cos
60°)?

Solution:

Given,

(sin 30° + cos 30°) – (sin 60° + cos 60°)

= (½) + (√3/2) – (√3/2) – (½)

=0

Q.2:

If cos A = 4/5, then Jnd the value of tan A.

Solution:

Given, 

cos A = ⅘

As we know, from trigonometry identities,

1 + tan2A = sec2A

sec2A – 1 = tan2A

(1/cos2A) -1 = tan2A

Putting the value of cos A = ⅘.

(5/4)2 – 1 = tan2 A

(25 – 16)/16 = tan2 A

tan2A = 9/16

tan A = 3/4

Practice Problems
1. If sin A = 1/2 then Jnd the value of sin 3A.
2. Prove that tan θ + tan(90° – θ) = sec θ sec(90° –
 θ)
3. If tan A = 3/4, the Jnd sin A cos A.

Frequently Asked Questions on

Trigonometry Formulas
What are the basic trigonometric
ratios?
Sine, Cosine, Tangent, Cotangent, Secant and Cosecant.

What are formulas for trigonometry

ratios?
Sin A = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse
Cos A = Base/Hypotenuse
Tan A = Perpendicular/Base

What are the three main functions in

trigonometry?
Sin, Cos and Tan are three main functions in
trigonometry.

What are the fundamental

trigonometry identities?
The three fundamental identities are:
1. sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
2. 1+tan2 A = sec2 A
3. 1+cot2 A = csc2 A

Trigonometry formulas are applicable

to which triangle?
Right-angled triangle

At what angle, the trigonometric ratio

tan is equal to the cot?
The trigonometric ratios tan equals cot when the angle
equals 45 degrees. (i.e. tan 45° = cot 45° = 1)

What are trigonometric formulas?

Trigonometric formulas are used to evaluate the
problem, which involves trigonometric functions such as
sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant and secant.
Using the different trigonometric identities, we can solve
the problems which involve the right triangle’s angles and
sides.

What is the formula for sin 3x?

The formula for sin 3x is 3sin x – 4sin3x.

MATHS Related Links

Basic Mathematics Trigonometry Graphs

Trigonometry For Class

Trigonometry Values
10

Sin 30 Degrees Tan 60 Degrees

Cos 30 Degrees Trigonometry Angles

Sin 45 Degrees Cos 60 Degrees

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26 Comments

aditya AUGUST 16, 2019 AT 8:11 AM

Very helpful

REPLY

Battula Bhanu prasad

AUGUST 30, 2019 AT 7:49 PM

Trigonometric equations chapter PDF

REPLY

lavanya JUNE 11, 2020 AT 7:52 PM

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REPLY

pawar Avinash OCTOBER 1, 2019 AT 12:06 PM

Very usefully too others students

REPLY

Vijay OCTOBER 29, 2019 AT 11:22 AM

The formulas mentioned here were very handy and

my kid learns in a quick way.

REPLY

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JANUARY 14, 2020 AT 10:35 PM

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REPLY

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REPLY

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REPLY

Ehsaas Gupta MAY 15, 2020 AT 1:12 PM

Hi there! Got any questions?
I can help you...
where are the triple term formulae?

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