Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Department of Information Technology
Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

Web based Online Grading System with Mobile

Application inquiry

Keneith C. Abuan
Gabriel Thomas Isaac M. Cabico
Mitch Arkeen D. Salvador
BSIT4-1

“In partial fulfilment of the requirements in INTECH 495a - CAPSTONE 1”

January 2021
 Chapter I

Introduction

The burden of producing technologically literate people must be shared by

education (Bitter & Legacy, 2008). Without technological assistance, both structural

change and the program will not be accomplished (Fletcher & Wolf, 2007). In school,

marking is a comparatively new development. In fact, marking in schools was nearly

uncommon prior to 1850.Most schools put pupils of all ages and races together with one

teacher in one-room schools for much of the nineteenth century, and few students went

beyond simple studies. The instructor announced the learning success of students orally

to parents, usually during visits to the homes of students (Guskey).

Innovation has made it simple enough for the activities of the machine to process

database processes, such as generating data archives, recording, filing, and data retrieval.

Muñoz United Methodist Church Learning Center is one of the schools that has the

luxury of offering decent schooling to all those with high tuition fees and cannot afford to

enroll in other schools. They always have the right way to make their schools safe for

their pupils. In the student body, Muñoz United Methodist Church Learning Center has

risen, and at the same time, the number of works to be processed by the registrar and

student grades has also increased. One of the registrar's office's responsibilities is to keep

the student's grades data secured for their records and purposes. With a total of 346

students, the school handle a many process in order to stay the transaction and process

organize and safe at the same time.

 The researchers are attempting to design and build a grading framework that

wants to change the mechanism and flow of the old system. Tons of papers used in the

computerized marking sheet per quarter and description sheet will both be removed. The

grade will be specifically encoded in the online system of the teachers and can be

accessed by students on the smartphone app.

Statement of the Problem

Currently, Muñoz United Methodist Church Learning Center uses the manual

procedure to notify students of the time-consuming grades. The manual document

retrieval and release process is prolonged. In the manual operation process,

confidentiality and organization of documents are also a concern. Finally, the faculty and

students are required to attend the office of the registrar to apply and receive ratings that

include travel costs for both faculty members and students. With the problem mentioned

above, the researchers will propose to design and develop an information system that will

address those issues and concerns; thus, the Grading System with Mobile App will be a

massive help to the institution.

Benefits

Teacher Less time inputting data

Fast and reliable

Monitoring and viewing

Students Reduced score pressure

Advanced Grading Pattern

 Identification of Weakness and Strengths

Easier Studies

School Administrator Monitoring of every student grades

Secure information of students

Get track of what subject does students

weakness and strengths.

Specific

 The students need to go directly to their respective registrar in order to

inquire about their grades.

 The teachers are encountering errors during the encoding of grades.

 The teachers need to go to the registrar to pass and encode the grades.

Objectives of the Study

To design and develop a Web based Online Grading System with Mobile

Application inquiry for the students and faculty staff of Muñoz United Methodist Church

Learning Center in order to have fast and reliable system of viewing and inputting grades.

Specific

 To have reduce the manual process of school for inquiring the grades of

the students.
  To have a reliable and efficient grading system for teacher in order to

input the grades of the students.

 To create a grading system for teachers, that will help them encode the

grades of student without going to the registrar.

Scope and Limitations

Scope

The system has different types of users—the Administrator, Teacher, and

Student. The administrator has the authority to edit the grades with the permission

of the teacher, can add, edit, view, and archive subjects and students, can print the

summary of the grades of the students and print the records of the teacher, and

also can filter the teacher, students, and subjects.

The teachers can encode grades of the students online, can print their

records, including the subjects and grades of the student they handled, and the

teachers can change their password to secure the encoding of grades of the

students in the online system.

The students can view their grades base on the web-based grading system

of the school and in the mobile application. This will view the student’s grade by

accessing their student ID for username and creating their own password. With

this function, the student can monitor all of it grade from the 1 st quarter to last

quarter. They can also view the subjects they enrolled in a specific academic year.

The student can only view the part of the grading system and cannot edit, add, or
 remove any information. The grading system also have archiving in order to store

information about the student even it is an alumni or undergraduate student.

Limitations

The system cannot be use for conversation. The grade encoding process

relies on Internet and cannot run on IOS platforms such as iPhones. The Mobile

App is for viewing only of student’s grade. The systems still do not fully address

the problems of real and perceived teacher bias in grading, grade inflation, and

teacher pleasing.

Significance of the Study

This study was made to find out that the use of the online–based system will

lessen the time for encoding and releasing the students' grades. Also, using this system, it

can recognize the person involve in this study.

This study will benefit the following person:

Teachers of Muñoz United Methodist Church Learning Center - They have an access

to the system because they can record the grades of the students through online.

Students of Muñoz United Methodist Church Learning Center - This system could

provide their grades anytime they want and it could also help them to save time because

they don’t need to go on the registrar office.

Registrar of Muñoz United Methodist Church Learning Center - It will lessen their

work on the time of realizing the grades, and only small amount of the students will get

their grades on that day, and the admin could generate the report.

To the Future Researchers - it can help them as a guide to enhance more from their

future thesis.
Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

 Figure 1 illustrates the conceptual structure of the system proposed, including the

user, and how to use the system to be implemented. One mobile phone, one server, a

Website, and Mobile App can be used by the school. In order to provide data, the

database server can also be linked to the website and the API. The data from the database

will be added by the Administrator and the Teachers. If the student sends a request via

mobile app to inquire about their grades, the API retrieve’s user information from the

database server and sends it back to the mobile application.

 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Study

Developing a Grading and Monitoring System: Towards an Effective Academic

Evaluation

Assessment is an integral part of instruction in education; it determines whether or

not the goals of education were being met. Assessment affects decisions about grades,

placement, advancement, instructional needs, curriculum, and the like [1]. Grading in

essence is an exercise of professional judgment by the instructor. It involves the

collection and evaluation of evidence on students’ achievement or performance over a

specified period of time such as an academic semester or the entire school year. As

practiced, monitoring has been integrated as one of the activities in assessing student

performance. Though monitoring is practiced in the latter part of the grading activity, it

lacks efficiency, thereby posing a dilemma to any instructor in his/her assessment

activities.

http://uruae.org/siteadmin/upload/UH0516055.pdf
Grade Analysis and the Grading System of Holy Cross of Davao College

This study purports to analyze the grades of the students to examine the

continuing relevance of the college grading system as a tool for identifying the students’

scholastic performance. This study applied a descriptive-analytical method which

gathered data from submitted grade sheets or report cards of purposively-selected faculty

members of the Education Program. The study revealed that, although there is a high

percentage of passing marks given by teachers to Education students, these marks are

clustered in the low range; thus, students pass the subject but predominantly have low

grades. There are only a small percentage of students who have failing grades or have

dropped out of the class. Whether full-time or part-time, most teachers are punctual in the

submission of grades; only a small percentage of teachers have difficulty in conforming

to this policy. Financial problems such as payment for tuition fee, house or board rental,

and for other needs are the dominant causes why students fail a subject or drop out from

school. School and teacher-related problems along with health problems affect students’

performance in school. The data on low grades given to students should be brought to the

attention of the Program Head. Measures or programs should be initiated to help these

students improve their academic performance.

https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=6788

FRACTAL GRADING SYSTEM AND ITS USE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Current grading systems used in the Philippines and elsewhere in the world make

use of the mean and standard deviation to describe a student’s typical or average
performance in class. This grading system is defined as the method utilized in measuring

the student’s typical performance in order to come up with his final mark. This practice is

anchored on the assumption that test scores are normally distributed so that the mean is a

good measure of central tendency (Tukey, 1977; Santos et al. 2007). Recent

developments, however, have shown that test scores are more likely skewed to the right

with very high variance making the mean a spurious measure of typical performance

(Huber, 1986; Padua, 2013). The sample mean is easily distorted by a single extreme

observation; hence, using it as a measure of typical performance may not be advisable.

This paper proposes a new measure of “typical performance” and examines its behavior

in comparison with the traditional method of grading. The new measure is based on the

concept of a fractal statistics.

https://www.google.com/url?

sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwip6rngrY7uAhWIHqYKHYl

hC1UQFjADegQIAxAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.nmsc.edu.ph%2Fojs

%2Findex.php%2Fnrj%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F35%2F10%2F&usg=AOvVaw3-

NxwYpVqkjVTpM_vqng9o

Synthesis

Knowing the grades helps learners to gain access to themselves and study the

subjects where they excel. Grade accountability is the objective of the framework, which
helps students to observe and control their academic success. In return, it will allow them

to understand what topics they are good at and what topics need their attention.

In order to foster consistency among the students, our study targets the

management of the student grades. The system would provide students with answers to

doubts regarding their academic success. It is expected that the implementation of the

scheme that will track and control the grades of student sat Muñoz United Methodist

Church Learning Center will lead to the development of the information system of the

school. A morale booster among them would be the students who are conscious of their

grades. Armed with that information, to achieve high grades, the pupils would have a

justification to enhance their studies. As mentioned in the literature works above, current

studies indicate that the monitoring of the performances of students contributes to their

education.
 Chapter III

Methodology of the Study

Theories are formulated to explain, predict and understand the phenomena, to test

the knowledge within the limits of critical assumption. The theoretical framework is the

present and defines the theories that explain why the problem of this research exists. The

proponents conducted an interview to gather data for the proponent’s guide to build the

proposed system.

Methodology

In the development of system, we have used SDLC Waterfall method, the linear

sequential model. This model encompasses the following steps:

A. Requirements

In this step, the proponents gathered requirements, with the goal of

determining how these will be accommodated in the system. The proponents

looked for the locale to be used as our resources in our system and will gather

information by means of interview to be analyzed to our next step.

B. Analysis

The proponents analyzed the needs and availability of our chosen locale

before designing any application. The proponents also analyzed the locale’s

problem which is necessary to design any solution.

C. Design

In this phase the proponents tried to focus on some attributes of a program

like entities, data structure, and interface representation. In this we tried to

translate requirements into representation of the software which can be assessed

for quality before coding begins. Such as ERD for graphical representation of

entities and their relationship to each other, then we also use DFD for

representation of the flow of the data through an information system this diagram

we can identify the how data flow of the proposed system. and USE CASE is a

list of action of the interaction between a role in this diagram we can identify the

who will be the users of the proposed system.

 D. Coding

In this step, we translated the design of the system into code which can be

compiled and executed. We have done coding for all forms and make sure to

produce simple program which are clear to understand.

E. Testing

Each of us have executed program on some test data and output of the

program examined to determine if there are any error present. While doing this

step, one of us have to read the code carefully to detect any discrepancies between

the design specification and the actual implementation.

F. Acceptance

This is the step wherein we have to put the system into final application

which is followed by feedback and support.

Information System

An information system (IS) is any organized system for the collection,

organization, storage and communication of information. More specifically, it is the study

of complementary networks that people and organizations use to collect, filter, and

process, create and distribute data. Also, information system is a group of components

that interact to produce information.

Database Management System

A database management system is a complex set of software programs that

controls the organization, storage, management and retrieval of data in a database.

Database management system categorized according to the data structure or types. It is a

set of pre written programs that are used to store, update and retrieve a database. The

database management accepts request for data from the application program and instructs

the operating system to transfer the appropriate data.

Summary

In this chapter, the proponents specify the theories included in the designs,

database and development of the proposed system. The theories will serve us guides and

reference for the proponents to develop the system. This will help the proponents develop

the system’s functions and modules

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. PLANNING

The developers conducted an interview in the school to gather information

for the research. This information will help them to identify the system’s requirement,

reiterate system’s purpose and better understand the study. Listed below are the interview

questions with their respective answers:

Student

Q: How long does it take for you to inquire about your grades?

Teacher

Q: How long does it take for you to encode student’s grades?

Q: What requirements do you want on the system?

Q: How do you organize report cards from different student sections?

Q: What kind of formula do you use in computing the grades?

Registrar

Q: What is your biggest concern on handling the grades of the students?

Q: How do you arrange the report cards of the students?

Q: How do you keep student information confidential?

Q: Which administration and database software are you familiar with?

Figure 3 below shows the problem of the current system, the possible cause and

effect or problems that they encountered in their manual system. The main bones

represent the main problem. The sub-bones represent the possible causes of the problem

encountered. Meanwhile, the horizontal sub-bones represent the possible causes of the

main problems.

Manual

Slow
Process of
record
retrieval

Need to go to Need to go to the

the registrar in registrar to pass
order to inquire and encode the
about their grades.
grades.

Studen
ts Teachers
 Figure 3: Ishikawa Diagram

Figure 5 below is the current summary milestone of the developers by using the

Gantt chart for the graphical representation of their schedule.

Figure 5 Gantt Chart

B. ANALYSIS

The developers gathered all the important data about the manual process of

encoding and distributing of grades. The developers analyzed those data carefully and

found out that majority of the teachers are inefficient when recording the grades of the

student.

Feasibility Study

Feasibility studies were conducted by the developers in order to know if the

proposed system is operationally, technically and economically feasible. These studies

are needed so that the developers and the client can identify if the proposed system is

capable of being completed and if the client can support its needs and maintenance.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

Technical feasibility study is conducted to know if the organization is capable of

having a system which concerns with their technical resources. The school has been using

the traditional form of encoding and computing of grades, which involves writing down

individual into individual report cards and using formulas to compute the figures. This

manual system that they’re using is very time and effort consuming. On the other hand, in

the new system, handling of grades will be easier and more convenient because the
developers made a user-friendly interface so that the users can easily manage the system

and perform faster encoding; also the system is now efficient and reliable. Given to these,

the system will be considered technically feasible if the school complies with the

system’s technical resources requirement such as computers, domain, web hosting and

internet connections.

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILTY

The Web based Online Grading System with Mobile Application inquiry will start

to operate once it is installed. By using the system, the school’s users (students, teachers

and registrar) will experience an easier and faster system for the grades. The developers

created the system in very simple and hassle free process, where the users can easily use

and understand it. The teachers and registrar can now fully enjoy a much better approach

in encoding the grades. Also the students will have ease of access to their grades. The

proposed system only requires the most basic knowledge in computer or mobile devices.

The developers created a user manual containing the basic procedure when using the

system; also the developers will conduct trainings on how to fully utilize the system for

the students, teachers and registrar. The training will contain the clear description of the

functionalities of the system.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

Economic feasibility study is performed in order to know the tangible and

intangible benefits as well as the tangible and intangible costs of the system that the client

will have to face

Tangible benefits

The system will speed up the encoding of grades.

The system will have ease of access for the students on their report cards.

The grades of the students are more secured.

The students will be updated with their academic performance

Intangible Benefits

The teachers will be more work efficient when encoding the grades

The registrar will have a more systematical way of handling report cards

Tangible Cost

The client will be required to notify the users that they will need a personal computer or

laptop for the use of the system

The users will also be required to have a mobile device for the mobile application to be

installed

The client will be required to purchase a shared hosting where a physical server hosts

multiple sites

The users need internet connection to access the system. Additional internet or

communication allowance is expected to be incurred.

Intangible Cost

The users must have some time to learn the basics in operating a computer and the

proposed system.

The client must also provide some time in registering and testing the system.

Total Cost of the Current System

ITEM COST

Personal Laptop 30,000 php

Internet 1,000 php

Total: 31,000 php

Total Cost of the Proposed System

ITEM COST

Domain 900 php per year

Web Hosting 2,500 php per year

Internet 1,100 per month

Total 4,500 php

 As mentioned in the benefits from the system, it is expected that the institution

will have a more systematic way of encoding and distributing the grades of the students.

Without the system, the average time the student gets their grades are about a week after

the grading ends. However, if the system is implemented, the teachers will only take 3

days to process the grades.

Another benefit of this system is that the grades are stored in a database, which

means it is more secure than the old system. With this, the institution will have a sense of

pride that their grading system is top one of the best.

One more benefit of the system is that it helps the students maintain their

academic performance. They can see and compare subjects that are falling behind and

make adjustments to their studying.

Flowchart of the current operation

Figure 4.1 shows the manual process. First the teacher compute the student

grades, then after that, the teacher goes to the registrar to encode the student’s grades and

put it in the student report card. The Student can go directly to the registrar to inquire

his/her grades. The registrar checks the student report card in their records and gives it to

the student.
Figure 4.1 Process Flow Diagram (Manual Process)
C. DESIGN

After analyzing the proposed system needs, the researchers made the proposed

Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram, Use Case Diagram, Entity Relationship Diagram,

Relational Data Model, Flow Chart.

The figure 6 below shows the Context Diagram of the proposed system, it has three entity

– Registrar, Teacher and Student. A process which is the Web-based Online Grading

System with Mobile App Inquiry consists of all the transactions that will happen to the

system. The Registrar will manage student and teacher details and reports. The teacher

will provide student grades, Log-in details and reports. The students will provide Log-in

details and Request Grades. In return the process will give a confirmation about these

details.

Figure 6: Context Diagram of the Proposed System

Figure 7 below shows the Data Flow Diagram of the proposed system. The diagram

shows how the data flows through different a process that is happening in the system.

For the Student, they can register account and view their grades. The registrar will

manage the teacher’s account and also manage the record of the students. The teacher

will manage the grades of the students. Lastly, the registrar can manage all the reports

while the teacher can manage the reports of the students.

Figure 7: Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System

The Figure 8 shows the exploded data flow diagram of the process 2 (Manage Records).

The registrar will add the student record by sending student record information to Add

new student record. The registrar can search the student record by searching the name of

the student. And by searching, the registrar can also update and archive the student

record. The Student info will be stored in the data stored called Student.

Figure 8: Exploded data flow diagram 2(Manage Records)

The Figure 9 shows the exploded data flow diagram of the process 3(Manage Student

Grades). The teacher will add the student grade information to the process Add student

grades. Once the teacher add the information, the data will store in the data stored called

Student. The teacher can search the student by sending the student information. The

teacher can also edit and update the student grades and the updated student grades will

store in the data stored call student.

Figure 9: Exploded dataflow diagram 3(Manage Student Grades)

The Figure 10 shows the exploded dataflow diagram process 4 (View Grades). The

Student can view their grades into mobile app by sending the student information. The

data stored called Student will send the student grades to the Student.

Figure 10: Exploded dataflow diagram 4(View Grades)

The Figure 11 shows the Exploded dataflow diagram process 5(Generate Report). The

Student data store will send the info to the process called requested student report, the

data will flow to the Generate Report and then send to the registrar and teacher.

Figure 11: Exploded Data Flow Diagram process 5(Generate Report)

Figure 12. Add Advisory (Admin)

Figure 13. Add Class (Admin)

Figure 14. Adding Student grades (Teacher)

Figure 15. Adding student class (Admin)

Figure 16. Adding Student (Admin)

Figure 17. Adding Subject (Admin)

 Figure 18. Adding School Year (Admin)

Figure 19. Adding School Year (School Year Format) (Admin)

 Figure 20. Add Teacher (Admin)

Figure 21 Adding Year Level (Admin)

 Figure 22. Class Page (Admin)

Figure 23. Administrator Dashboard

 Figure 24. Edit Class (Admin)

Figure 25. Edit Student Class (Admin)

Figure 26. Edit Student Grade (Teacher)

Figure 27. Edit Student (Admin)

 Figure 28. Edit Subject (Admin)

Figure 29. Edit School Year (Admin)

Figure 30. Edit Teacher Advisory (Admin)

Figure 31. Edit Teacher (Admin)

 Figure 32. Edit Year Level (Admin)

Figure 33. Manage School Year (Admin)

Figure 34. Manage Student Class (Admin)

Figure 35. Student Page (Admin)

 Figure 36. Manage Subject (Admin)

Figure 37. Teacher Account Student Dashboard

Figure 38. Manage Teacher Advisory (Admin)

Figure 39. Manage Teachers (Admin)

Figure 40. View Grades (For Student)

Figure 41. Manage Year Level (Admin)