43J

dy = ✓I - y'

dx y
... (i) Jx {i x'
0 11 Rc purnll11g Ilit· v11ri11 l,l e11, WP get
."dy = .w h
"~ x ~ 1 _,....!___ dx
.,__ = - +C, ™ dy = -
2 X .J1- y2 Ji - x , 11121
x =- y = = C On i11tcgruting both sides, we gel
,r heJ·o\. , l• = -ZC, J I
nu, e.. ., 11
. is representing
ation ~
a rectangular hyperbola. f Ji -l y
-;===
2
dy = - - ,=,,===
.J1 - X
2
dx

.. .
b. \.'l\ {'0 l
:lifferential equation is sin - • y = - sin -• x +C
dr - _ .,_· - =o ⇒ sin- • x + sin- • y = C,
dx x = + 1
which is the required general solution. (J/21
dv x
dx = x=+ 1 10. Given differential equation is
On separating the variables, we get (x +1) dy = 2xy
X dx
dv=-:-
· x·+ 1
dx [1/2) On separating the variables, we get

On integrating both sides, we get dy = ~ dx

y X +1

.
[dy=f---;- dx ⇒
Iput x 2
x· +1
+ 1 = t ⇒ 2x dx
f dy

= dt
= ~ f ~ dx
2 X +1
l On integrating both sides, we get
f dy = 2 f-x- dx

l:. ~ ~t dt = log It I + C = log Ix

y X +1
f 2 dx =f
2
+ 1 I+ C dy _ f ( x + 1) - 1 d X
· x +1 f - -2 - -- - [1]
y (x + 1)
y = -1 log Ix + 1 I + C 2

2 . f dy = 2 [f dx - f _ 1_ dx]
which is the required solution. [1121 y (x + 1)
7. ffintWrite the given equation as e 2Ydy =x 3
dx and solve
I'.. log I y I == 2 dx - 2 f f - 1+1- dx
X
I e'Y , ]
J-An.!·-=
2
~+
4
C log I y I = 2x - 2 log I x + 1 I + C
log I (' I = 2 ( x - log I x + 1 I) + C,
8, Given d"'" . dy
urerenhal equation is - = v4/ - y
2
which is the required solution. [I]
dx
H. Hint
~ ~. ~ = dx
aratmg the variables, we get ~ (i) Use the following formulae
. 4 2
O· -y
n l!Jtegr f
a mg both sides, we get (a) 1 - cos x = 2sin 2 ~
2
f~ = fdx
4 - y2
(b) 1 + COS X = 2 COS 2
~
2

sin-'(f) = x + C (ii) Write the given equation as dy = ran 2

.
x dx and ·
2
.
so1ve 1t.

f ==sin(x+C) dy =::-= sin-'(;)]

[ ·: f -r===
[Ans. y = 2tan % - x + C]
">
Ja z _ y z
12. Hint Evaluate f sin-' xdx by using integrat· b
V1 hich 1. Y = 2 sin ( x + C) ion y parts.
9 s the • '
•Given . requu-ed solution. [l] [A~s. y = x(sin_, x) + .J1 - x 2 +C]
differe t1'al
n

dx
equation is
-y2 _
:2'_+gl 0
13. Hint Write the given equation as
.
(~)d _( + 1) x
Y- - dx
1 -x 2
- y ' X
and solve it. [Ans. y = C x e< x- y)]

•IF

r~r~~
432 I Allin-One I MATHEMATics Cl
<lss l~~

14. Given diff-et1."nl ial equa l ion is . · l t· . ·

22 G iven different1a equa ion 1s sm _~ ::: ~~~
d (dy)
11 a ( x . bl dx "' sin-1
xy + 2)( y + 2) , .. (i) On separating the vana es, we get 11

dx dy = sin- a dx 1

O n separntin.g th r Yl\rinbks. we ge l
On integrating both sides, we get
v x+2 1
--'- dv = - - dx I 1121 dy = Jsin - a dx ⇒ y::: x sin-1
J
y + 2 . X a+c
which is the required solution.
On integrati1,g hoth sides. we ~et

J-y )+-'-2 dv. = f x +2 2 dx 23. Given differential equation is log ( :~) = 3x +

4
y

dy = e3x +4y ⇒ dy
J(.v + 2-. 2) dy= J-x +-2d
== e 3X e4 y
⇒ X dx dx
y +2 X
On separating the variables, we get
⇒ f )1+2
y + dy - f- - dy = f ~ dx + f ~ dx
2
y+2
2
X X
[l) - 1 d y=e 3xdX
e4 y

It
⇒ f dy - 2J-y 1+2
- dy = f dx + 2 J.!_ dx
X
On integrating both sides, we get
e- y
4
eJx
Je-4Ydy= Je xdx ⇒ --=-+c
3

y - 2 log I y + 21 = x + 2 log I x I + C (1/2] -4 3 ..[:

which is the required general solution of given differenfi
15. Hint Write the given equation as dy = (1- x)(l + y) and equation. I~
dx
solve it. 24. Given differential equation is
ex tan y dx +(2-ex)sec 2 y dy == o
[ Ans. log! 1 + YI = x - :
2

+ C] which can be rewritten as

ex tan y dx = (ex - 2)sec 2 ydy
16 . Hint Write the given equation as p d x = Rdy 2 X

. 1-x 1-y ⇒ sec y dy = _e_ dx

and solve it. tany ex-2

[Ans. ✓1-x 2 + ~ =C] ⇒ Jsec2y dy= J_.:..:._dx

tany ex - 2
17. Hint Write the given equation a s ~ = .!..dx and solve ⇒ log !tan YI= log le x - 21+ C [II
ylogy x
it. [Ans. y = e"']
[·: f f'(x)
f(x)
dx = logif(x)l+c)
18. Hint Use the formula, sin3x = 3sin x - 4sin 3 x
⇒ log I tanyl-log lex - 21 =C
[ Ans. cosy -~cos
4 ·
x + _!_cos 3x =
12
c] ~ log I;"._~I- C [·: logm -Wgn" -~;)]
. . . . tan-IX , -2y tan y _.. m:: e"]
19. Hmt Wnte the given equation as ---dx = - - d y ⇒ --=ec [·:logm=n-
1 + x2 1 + y2 ex -2 [ii
and solve it.
tan y = ec(e x - 2)
1 2
[ Ans. ¼(tan- x) + logll + y 2 I = C] Now, it is given that y = ~ when x = 0
4
. . . . sec 2 x sec 2 1t eC ---1
20. Hint Wnte the given equation as --dx + __Y_dy = 0 tan-= ec(e 0
- 2) ⇒ 1 = ec(l- 2) ==> · nl
tanx tany 4 ciiffereJI
and solve it. [Ans. tan x · tan y = C] Thus, the particular solution of the given 111

21. Hint equation is tan y = 2- ex.

(i) Write the given equation as co~ x dx = sin Y dy

1 + sm x 1 + cos y
J
25. Hint (i) e2ydy = ldx f J]·
2
(ii) Put 1 + sin x =u in LHS and 1 + cos y = v in RHS to (ii) Put Y = 3, to get the required value ofx. [J\IIS·
solve it.
[Ans. (1 + sinx)(l +cosy)= C] 26 G· . dy ,;:; 2./Y·
• iven differential equation is (x -1) dx
On separating the variables, we get
r
-
·,•ell
11ifft1
. Equations
ua.1
433
~

dV _ _E:--_- dx Ill 29. U ivl'II dlffc rc 11llnl cqunll n 11 111

_.:.- - ( r- 1)
y
d)' - 2 -
,( x~ ) d -
.x ⇒
dy =
I
2[<x~- t) + '] / .
• ( ,\
e"' = X -1- I
Nllw , lnld11g log 011 holli 11idcH , w e ge l
- - x- 1 _, ., - 1
JJl
;i V • ] Jy = log j x + II
. . l"<.\'" _ 1) ( x • + x + 1) + - l /
<X dx
::::2 (x - 1) ( x - 1)
0 11 sepurnl 111 g the vn rluhl e s. we· g el
[·: a~ - b' =( a - b) (a 2 +a b + b 2 )] dy = log j x + lj dx

~
.1,· - 2
_,__
,.
(x'+ x + l + _ I_ x - 1 ) dx I 11
O n i11l eg rnlin g bo th sid es , w e gel
f dy = Jlug j x+ ljdx
· . tint! bl,th sides. we get
tin intcpn ~ ( l ) y = JI • log Ix + l j dx
• d,1 _ 2 X : + x
j--
J + l + - - d.');' 111
II I

x -1
y = log Ix + 11 · x - f- 1+- 1 · x dx [II

• .\I' . ==
=" 1,,g .\ 1
z(-"~
3
+ x
2
2
+ x + log Ix -11) + C, . X

( x +l - l)d
y=xlogj x +ll- J ( x +l) x
•-
\\'hll I1 1~
the required solution. [I]

·1 Hint
. o 1•ffere ntial equation reduces to y = x log Ix + lj - {f ( x + 1) dx - f - 1 - dx}
( x + 1) x +1
- · •_i_. dx == Jsec~Y dy and for simplifying this put
).,.' -J) tan y ⇒ y = x log Ix + lj - f dx + f x dx+ 1 [ll

[-I I = and tan y = z. [ Ans. y = tan - I ( e X c-1)] => y = x log Ix + 11 - x + log Ix + lj + C

·: It is given that y = 5, when x = 0.
... (i)

:..'- C,;i•en differential equation is :. S=0·log(O+l)-0+logj0+lj+C

e' ✓1- y2 dx + l.dy =O => C =5
X Now, substituting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get
⇒ ex J1 - y dx = - y dy
2

X
y = x log ( x + 1) - x + log I x + 11 + 5,
which is the required solution. fl]
Jn separating the variables, we get
30. Given, dy = 1 + x + y + x y
-y dy = xe"dx dx
~ [I] dy = 1(1 + x) + y(l + x)
On integrating both sides, we get dx

J R d y ~ J xe"dx [1/2] dy = (1 + x)(l + y) .. .(i) [1/2]

1- y
dx
On separating the variables, we get
On putting 1 - y 2 = t, then -y dy = d; _in LHS, we get --dy
1
= (1 + x)dx ... (ii) [I]
(1 + y)
f 2~dt = J xe"dx On integrating both sides of Eq. (ii), we get
f- -dy = f (1 + x )dx
1
::i i[2✓t]=xfe"dx- J[;(x)Je "dx]dx 1+ y
x2
::i ~ = x e" -Je"dx (puct=l-y
2
J log 11 + YI = x + - +C .. .(iii) [I]
2 .

::i ~ = xe " - e" + C ... (i) [I] On substituting x = 1, y = 0 in Eq. (iii), we get
1
On putting Y = 1 and x = 0 in Eq._(i), we get log jl + 0 I = 1 + - + C
. h =o-e +c 0

C=--
3
2

::j
O C =1 [·: e
O
=1] [I] 2 [·:logl =O] [I]
nsubstit t ' Now, substituting the value of C in Eq. (iii), we get
u tng the value of C in Eq. (i), we get
x2 - ~
. H.
~h1ch is th .
= xe " - e" + 1
.
log jl +YI= x + -
2
3
2
tltffere t'1 e required particular solut10n of given
n al equation. [1/2] which is the required particular solution of differential
equation. [Ill]
43~ I Allh,One I MATHEMAlt
Cs Ci,
~l.1 1

On substituting the value of C in E ..

lt. Hint (i) Write given eq11alioll il!l. ~ 1 = (I+ .r 2)(l + / ). requ ired part 1cu Iar so Iut'ion •CJ . (11) , ,
dx 111
y,,
l\uther similar as Exr1 n,plr \. x + y = Iog I x - Y I- J •

(ii) Given thn t. y = l. whe n x = O :r;) log I x - y I = x + y + 1

:. By using these values in genernl s0l111io11, we gel 2 + sinx)dy
35. Given thot, ( -d = - cos x
1 -1- y X
tan - ~l) = O+ O+ C ~ C = ~
~
-dy- =- COR X
1+Y - -dx
Ans. tan - 1 y = x + x ~ + n:l 2 + sin x •
[
3 4 On integrating both sides, we get
1_ dy - f cus x
ll. Hint' (i.) Write the given equation as _!_2 dx = ~ dy J_l+y -- Z-
+. dx sin x
1+ x 1+y
and solve it. ⇒ log! 1 + YI = - log I2 +.-
,1n x1+I1
⇒ log 11 +YI+ log 12 + sinx I= log ICI 1'
(ii) Use x =0 and y =1 to find the value of C. ⇒ logl(l+ y)(2+sinx)l=loglq
[Ans. )I' - 2x 2 -1 =0] ⇒ (1 + y )( 2 + sin x) = C
ll. Given differential equation is C
l+y=-
2 + sinx
(1 - y2 )(1 + log Ix I) dx + 2xy dy = 0.
C
On separating the variables, we get ⇒ y=--1
2+sinx ..1
(l +log lxl) dx 2y d _
+--2 Y- 0 [1/2) . It is given that, when x = 0, then y = 1.
x 1- y
C
On integrating, we get 1=--1 ⇒ C::4
2
f (.!._ + log lxl) dx + f1-
X X
~ dy = 0
y
On putting C = 4 in Eq. (i), we get
4
y=--- 1
⇒
2
log lxl + (log lxl) - log 11 - y21 = log C ... (i) [1] 2 + sinx
2
Also, given y = 0 and x = 1
Now, y(~)
2
= 4 -1
2 2+sin~
log 1 +•(log l) - log 11 - 0I = log C 2
[1]
2 . 4 4 1
=---1=--1=-
⇒ o+0-0 = log C 2+1 3 3
⇒ log C =0 36. The differential equa~ion of the given curve is
Put log C = 0 in Eq. (i), we get sin xcos y dx + cos xsinydy=O
sinx d siny d _ 0
log Ixi + (log Ixl)
2
log 11 - ll = 0 [1½]
⇒ - - x+-- y-
- cos X COS y
2
=> tan x dx + tan y dy = 0
34. Given differential equation is
On integrating both sides, we get
(x - y)(dx + dy) = dx - dy
dx-dy Jtan x dx + Jtan Y dy =O
⇒ dx+dy=--
x-y => log !sec xi+ log 1sec YI= log ICI
On integrating both sides, we get => log lsecx·secyl = loglCI ...(i)
dx - dy => sec x ·secy = C · ( 11 }
-
J(dx+dy)= J - x-y
- ... (i) [1]
Since, the curve passes through t e P o, -4,
h oint
Put x - y = t, then dx -dy = dt
7t (') we get
From Eq. (i), we get Therefore, put x = 0 and y -- 1·nEq.
1•
4
x + y = J ~t = log It I+ C [1]
1t
sec 0 sec - = C
⇒ + y = log I x - y I + C
x [putt = x - y] ... (ii) 4
It is given that, when x = 0, then y = -1 => C= ✓Z . t
. (') we ge
o+ (-1) = log IO+ 11 + C On putting the value of C m Eq. 1 '
⇒ C =-1 [·: logl = O] [11 sec x · sec y = ✓2
~
· ·g] Equations
435
. ,.pJ}tl
,iiei'"'
j];l'
. _ 2 l) therefore
_ 1 = vr::2 ⇒ cos y = -sec x
✓2
Since, the curve passes through the pomt ( ' '
sec x· cosy we have
. d equation of the curve is
eqUl!e , (l+ 3 ) =C ⇒ C=l
t1 ce, r sec x (-2 + 4) 2
r.e11 cos Y ::= ✓ 2 [l/2)
On putting C = 1 in Eq. (i), we get
be the x and y-coordinates of the point on the (y ;+- 3) =1
. and y l 2
,7 i,et i nective Y· (x +4)
'. e resr- f 2
cur" ' that the slope o a tangent to the curve is given => y+3 = (x+4)
\\le kJtOW [l]
dV [lJ which is the .required equation of curve.
bY.-,-.
dx ding to the question, product of the slope of tangent 39. Hint dy = y + X. [Ans~ y = Kxex]
dx x
t,.ceor rdinate = x-coordinate is given
·thy-coo
\\'1
dy 4 0 . The figure obtained by t h e gl·ven 1•nfiormation
y -- = X
i.e. dx below Y,

arating the variables, we get [1]

Nlo\\', sep d dx
y y=x
. t grating both sides, we get
~ me 2 2

f
ydy = xdx ⇒ ~ = : + C
J ...(i) (1) X'"'-1....-_ __,.,,_.X
I Y'
A (2x, 0)

Since, the curve passes through the point (0, - 2), Let the coordinate of the point P be ( x, y ). It is given that,
(- 2)2 4 Pis mid-point of AB1 So, the coordinates of points A and B
therefore we have - - =0 + C ⇒ C= - =2
[1]
2 2 are (2x, 0) and (0, 2y), respectively.
On putting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get 0- 2y y
Now, slope of AB = - - - = - - [1]
2 x2 2x-0 x
L 2 ⇒ x y2 + 4 = o
2
= - + -
2 2 · Since, the segment AB is a tangent to the curve at P.
which is the required equation of the curve. [1] dy y · dy dx
---- ⇒ ----
l8. It is given that ( x, y) is the_point of contact of tangent to dxX y X

the curve. On integrating both sides, we get

The slope of the line segment joining the points log IYI = -log lxl + log ICI
(x2,Y 2 ) =(x, y) and (x1, y,) = (- 4, -3) => log lyxl = log ICI
y-(-3)
= --- =- -
x+4
y+3 [ ·.· slope of tangent= -y 2 - 1
x 2 -x1
-yJ [1]
=> yx=C
Since, the given curve passes through the point (1, 1).
... (i) [1]

x-(- 4)
l · l=C ⇒ C=l
According to the question, slope of tangent is twice the On putting C = 1 in Eq. (i), v.e get
s10 Pe of the line segment.
xy =1 [1]
dy = 2 (y+3) 41. It is given that, slope of tangent to the curve at any point
dx x+4 . y-1
(X, y) lS - 2 - - .
Now' separat·_mg the variables, we get X +x

/: 3-(X: 4) dx [1)
(t}r,y) ;; : ~ ⇒ :~ = ;; : ~
On inte r . dy . dx
g ating both sides, we get => - - = -2 - -
X + X
[l]

J /:3 = J(x!4)dx y-1

On integrating both sides, we get
logly + 3 I= 2log Ix +41 + log ICI J y-1
dy
=
f dx+ X2 X
log IY+3 I= log Ix +41 2 + log ICI
log IY+31
~ == logl Cl
[ ·
·.· logm-logn = log-;
m] f y-1
dy f dx
= x(x + 1)
( y +3)
~ == C .. .(i) [1) f~
y-1
= f (.!_- m1
X
)d X [1/2)
 AJlh,One I MATHEMAr1cs CJ
1
~li,

436
4.4 · J-jiJlt
. h ·
that the given .J!a"
umerent1 'al equar .
(1) S ow . F( 'I 'I ) , o 10 n,
⇒ log I)' - 11 = log Ixi - log Ix + ll + log ICl homogeneous, i.e. 11,x, 11,y = II. F(x, Y) s

⇒ log Iy - 1I = log -xC- I . , W 't the given equation as dy = x

(u) n e dx
(1'.)- .(} sin .!'.
Ix + 1 I 1121 . 43 X
)<' (iii) Solve as Question ·
⇒ ,,- 1= -
. (x+ l )
h the point (1 , 0).
Since. the ¢ven c\m--e pass<'s tj 1ro ug ·
[An• {1 - cos(~)} = csm(~)]
x
l ·C
O- l = -
1+l
[1] . . dy xy log (tj
C= - 2 45. Hint Write the given equat10n as dx = ~
- 2x
The n<>rhcular solution is )I - 1 = - -
r--- - X +1
2
x log (t)--· 1
dv vlogv x
C1 I
⇒ ( y - l)(x + 1) = - 2x Put y = vx, then v + x dx = 1ogv-v i
⇒ (y - 1)( X + 1) + 2X =0
42. Hint Jdy = fex sin xdx f
v- 3 logvdv-f 2-dv = Jd.x
II I V X

Let[= Je: ~xdx ⇒ I=sinxf e xdx-f c?sx~;d.x

⇒ I =e r sinx-e x cosx-I
2
v- Iogv-
-2
1
-2v
J-
-(v- )dv = log lvl+logl.tj+C
2

1 1
·e r(sinx-cos x) C - - l o g v - -2 = log lvxl+C
.·. y =__:---~+
2 2v 2 4v

Ans.
er(sinx-cos x)
)I =__::.__--~+ -
1] [An,. x'[2log (:)+1]+4y' log iyi=4y'c]
[ 2 2

43. Given differential equation is 4 6. Hint - T,I

( -Y) COS (y)
dy _ l_ + cosec (2'..) = 0 ⇒ dy = 2'. - cosec (2'..) ... (i)
dy X X

d.x X d.x
X X X
[1/2]
(i) Write the given equation as dx = cosW
"
I
which is a homogeneous differential equation _ as

: = t(~} [1/2] (ti) Substitute y = vx to solve it. [An,. sin(~) alogl[1

dy dv . E (') .
On putting y = vx and d.x =v + x d.x m q. 1 , we get 47. Hint
dv
v + x - = v - cosec v
(i) Write the given equation as ; =2 -(f)
d.x
dv (ii) Substitute y = vx to solve it.
⇒ x - = - cosec v
d.x '
. d.x [ Ans. log Iy - xi = C + (y-x)
x ] ( )
X
⇒ sm v dv = - - [1]
X

On integrating both sides, we get

4 8 Hin (")
· t 1
.
W nte the given equallon as ;i; - +
1
. dy _ ~),·
(i I
fsin v dv = - f ~ l ,, (;

.. ~+toglY' .
[
⇒ - cos v = - log I x I + C (u) Substitute y = vx to solve it Ans· 3y3
⇒ cos v = log I x I- C
4 9. Given cliff,erenti·a1 equation ·
• · 1s .
⇒ . cos ( ~) = log I x I - C [putv = _xy] c· ·) [1]
••• 11 (1 + x)(l + y2) dx + (l + y)(l + x2) dy :::::0

Also, given y = 0, when x =1. ::::} (1 + x) dx + (1 + Y) dy : : : 0 ,ij

(1 + x 2 ) (1 + ·y2) i)(I~ )
Then, cos O= log 1 - C ⇒ 1 =O - C ⇒ C = -1 (1 + ,t
[dividing both sides by .
So, Eq. (ii) becomes cos ( ~) = log I x I + 1
11

Now, integrating both sides, we get

which is the required equation. [1) f (1 + X) dx + f (1 + y) dy ~ 0
(l+x 2 ) (l+y2)
 · _- . ial Equations
· 1•etlt
,ilt' l.
l 1t
437
" I i+7 I
~+- J
1

.
+-

1
X -
1+ X
2 } dx+ J{---'---+

2x
1
1+ y'
f dy I .
~ ~
Y }
dy 0 III
--2 dx+ -c__ +- f -2_ ==> X dv _ V COil V + V 2 si n V - V 2 sin V + V cos V
: : :- f1+x2 2 1+ x 1+ y2 2 I+ ii dy == o dx - - - - v .~in v - cos v
_, x + -1 log II + x,2 I+ tan - 1 y + _1 log I I 2
111 ==> X dv - 2 v coll v
~ tall 2 2 +y l == c dx v 111 11 v - con v
I 1/21
~ tan _, ··x + tan - ' ·V + .!_
2 {log 11 + x 2 I + log I I + Y i I} ::: C On scpnruling lhc va riabl es, we gel
v sin v - cos v dx
- --- dv = 2 -
wine. ·l l is the required solution. II I v COIi V X

O n lntegruling bo th s id es, we gel

(tl. t{int . . dy
.) Write the given equation as - ::: 1 _
(
_t
)2 (y)
(1 dx 2 _ + - · J(tan v - ~ ) dv = 2 Jd:
X X
dy dv
") Substitutey = vx and-d == v + x - to solve ·t ==> log Isec v I- log v = 2 log x I+ log [ C, I
I I-
J J J
(11 - x dx 1· lIJ
==> log I x t = log I C, I
Ans. x + ✓2 y = ( Cx )2,12]
log se: v

[ x- ✓2y
I I= log I I
log s::zv C,
il. similar as Example 6.

Hint y + X -dy = X - y -dy ==> -dy -- ~

X - y ~~c ⇒ sec(~) ~c
dx dx dx x+y VX2 I r (X 2) I

[Ans. y2 + 2xy - x 2 = C]
it Given differential equation can be rewritten as seci~) ~ <;, ⇒ ~c (~) ~ C,(xy)
~,sm (;) dy - y
2
sin(~) dx which is the required solution.
[1]
53. Given differential equation is
2
== xy cos(~) dx + x cos(;) dy ye;'Ydx=(xe x/y + y 2 )dy,y=1:-o

⇒ [ xy filD (;) ~ x' cos (:)] dy -

and it can be written as, dx = _y_-~ - -
( ~exty + Y)
dy exty ...(i) [l/2]

~ [ xy cos (:) + y' sin(~)] dx . · x == vy ==> -dx == v + ydv

Now, substitute -
dy dy

dy - xy ~OS(;)+ y2 sin(;) . we get v + ydv

:. FromEq'. (1), - == - ~+- -
vev y
dy ev [1]
dv vev + y
dx - xy s~ (~)- x' cos(~) ⇒
y-==----v
dy ev

'.!!'. _~ coS (~)+(~)'.in(~)

dv vev + y - vev
.. (i) [ll
⇒
y-==-----
dy ev

~ sin ( ~)- cos ( ~) dv y [1]

. dx , y-=-
dy , ev [1/2]
[dividing numerator and denominator by x ] ⇒ evdv == dy
Clearly th . . . · s as
dy ' e given diff~rential equation 1s homogeneou On integrating both sides, we get
~~ t(;).
ev = y +C ⇒ e xty =y +C
Now, Put Y == v•..- dy dv
""==>-==v+x- ... (ii) [1/2] which is the required solution.
~to . . dx dx [1]
llJ. Eqs (')
1 · Note Given equation is not homogeneous as it cannot be
· and (ii), we get
v-!- dv v c '2 .
written as : = '( ~) or g (;} But here we have expression of
X --- - Os V + V sin V
dx - ----:.- - - - -
v Sin V- COS V the type ~y in RHS . So, to simplify it put x = .vy.
 I Allh,One I MATHEMAttcs
438 CJ?.
'"1S j~

SS. Given differential equation is

S4. Given dHTere ntinl c-qll lllion is
2y · r ,-,.,.d:i.- + ( y - 2x •r ' ' )') dy = 0 (
i ·1) dy = 1 => dy = 1
x x - dx dx x( x i - 1)
⇒ 2v · r , ,. -dx + {v - 2x ·,~' ' ·") = 0
. dy . dy = 1 [·: a2 - bi -
⇒ dx x(x - l)(x+l) -(a,b)(
2v · r ' 1 ' ' ~~
dy
= 2x · e ' 1.l' - y dx Qii
. dy - - - - - - -
⇒ - x(x - l)(x + 1)
d.,· 2x · e ' 11· - y
- = ... (i) 1112] On Integrating both sides, we get
dy 2y· e''!'
dx
f dy=f x( x-l)(x +c
2x · e " '' - ), +1)
Let F(x. v) =
· 2_v·e ''' "
y = I.+ C
Then, F(h. A. 1) = "11,x e
•'JI ,
. - 11,y
) (>. , 1>.1•) '\
. dx
) , ) e ( A..\' / A\')
2( 11,y where, 1 - f-x-(x---l)-(x-+-1)
.

= A(2x · e ' '-'' - y) Ao[F(x, )] l A B C

Let------= - + - - + -
A(2y · e ' ' )' ) y x( X - 1) ( X + 1) X X - 1 X +1

So, F(x, y ) is a homogeneous function of degree zero. ⇒ 1 = A(x-l)(x +1)+ Bx(x +l)+Cx(x-1)
Therefore, the given differential equation is a On comparing coefficients of x2, x and constant ~~
homogeneous differential equation. [1/2] from both sides, we get
A+B+C=O
Also, dx
dy
= 2 (~} ''' - 1
2e""'Y
= t(~y) ...(ii)
and
B-C=O
-A =l
.£

=> A=-l
On putting x = vy dx
and - = v + y -dv in Eq. (ii), we get On putting A = - I in Eq. (ii), we get
dy dy
B+C =1
dv 2ve"-1
v+y-=--- [1/2)
Now, adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
dy 2e • 1
2B=l=>B=-
dv Zve• -1 2
⇒ y-=----v . 1 .
dy 2e" On putting B = - in Eq. (iii), we get
2
dv 2v e" - 1 - 2v e• dv 1
y-=-----
dy 2e" ⇒ Y-=--
dy 2e•
!__C=o ⇒ C=!_
2 2
On separating the variables, we get
A =- 1, B= _!_ and C = !_
2e" dv =- dy 2 2
y [I/2]

On integrating bot1' sides, we get Thus,

1
= .=_!_ + ~ + ~
x( X - 1) ( X + 1) X X - ·l X +t
J2e" dv = - J dy On integrating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
y
⇒ 2e • =- log I y I + C l=f 1 dx=f-=2dx
x(x-t)(x+l) x
2e""'Y = - log I y I+ C ' 1 J dx +~f~+I
+-2 -x-1 2 t
Also, given x =0, when y =I.
Now, put x := 0 and y = 1 in Eq. (iii), we get
011 ==> 1 = - log I x I + !. log I x - 1 I + !. log I x +t I
2 e = - log I1 I + C 2 2
⇒ 2=0+C ⇒ C=2 On putting the value of I in Eq. (i), we get (iJII
On putting C = 2 in Eq. (iii), we get . C~
1 y = - log I x I + !_ log I x - 11 + !. log I X + t I+
2e"" Y = - log I y I + 2 2 2
=> 2e"" Y + log I y I= 2
1
Also, given that y = 0, when x = 2 .
which is the particular solution. On putting Y = o and x ; 2 i~ Eq. (v), we get
[IJ
O= - log 2 + !_ log l + !_ log 3 + C
2 2
r .
,
· . eiltt
·11er
jll
.al Equations 4 39
1
_ .!_ log 1 - - log 3
C:::: Jog 2 2 r:: 2 O u ln l cg rnt1 11 g ltoll1 11 id cs, w e ge l
~
:Q (, -
l g v3
, - Jog 2_- o
2
l·: log t = OI
f Y i +rlyy + I f I
X i
dx
+ X -I I
-== C

C:::: Jog J;
Ill
f dy
~ . the value of C in Eq. (v), we get
utllng
on P I . I + _1 log I x - 1 I + -
1
log I x + 1 I + log _
2 ⇒ y'+-y+1+(~)' -(~)'
__ Jog ·'
v-
2
.
2 ✓3 __ dx -----;; =C
f
· . the required solution .
,rhich is
l:f.
. . dy
ntial equation is - =
x( 2 log x + 1)
Ill
+ xz+ x +1+ GY -(:S
½r ( 4'J
(~. ,,I-wn di1 ere dx sin y + y cos y
f
1

⇒
dy =
dx C
·ng tlie variables, w e get
Lln ~
epara tl
(sin y + y cos y) dy = x ( 2 log x + 1) dx f (y + iY + (1 _ : J+ (x + + 1- [l J

l+(~( l +(-:(
sin y dy + y cos y dy = 2x log x dx + x dx [l ]
::= . .. ating botl1 sides, w e get ⇒
,inintegr
Isin)' Y
f
. . d + y cos y dy = 2 x log x dx + f x dx J11 [l/2)
f (y + f( X + C

l
1 11 ,

~ - '"' y +[y f cos y dy - J{~ (y) f cos y dy} dy y+ - x+ -

= 2[ log x f x dx - f { ! (log x) f x dx} dx] + :

2

[l)
⇒ ; , tan-• ( '] J,
~2 + tan-' ( 1] 2
-: - C
(1]

⇒ - cos y + y sin y - f sin y dy [·: f a 2 +1 x 2 dx =-tan

1 - 1 X]
-

<
a a

=,[': log x - f {: <} dx] [l]

⇒ tan-'(2y + 1) + tan-' (2x +1) =
✓ 3 ✓ 3
✓3
2
C= k (say )
[1]
⇒ - cos y + y sin y + cos y
2
= x log x - f x dx
.
+-
x2
2 [1/2) t - 1
[ 1 1]
-2y -
✓3
-+-
+ +2x
✓3 - k
⇒

⇒ y sin y = x log x - -
2

2
xz
+- + C
2
x2
an l-(2~1) (2~1) -

⇒ y sin y = x 2 log x + C ... (i) [l]

1 1
[·.- tan- ' x _+ tan- y = tan - (t_+; )]
Onputting y = ~ and x = 1 in Eq. (i), we get
2

%sin ( %) = (1) 2
log (1) + C t - i
[ 1✓3
2y + + 2x + 1 ]
- k
=>
⇒
an l - ( 4 xy + 2: + 2y + 1) -
C=% [·: sin%=1, logl=O]
[1]
2✓3(x + y + 1)
On substituting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get => =tank
. 7t 3 - (4xy + 2x + 2y + 1)
2✓3 ( x + y +1)
2
y sin y = x log x + -
Whi h.18 2 => =tank
17 . c the required particular solution. [l] 2 (1 - X - )I - 2xy)
[1]
·litnt c· . ·
iven d1fferential equation can be rewritten as => x + y + =✓ 1 1
3 tan k (1 - x - y - 2xy)

~-
I Y(l - ay) - (x
dx
+ a) .⇒
f[l a
y + (1 - ay)
]dy=f~
x +a ⇒

1
x + y + 1 = A ( 1 - x - y - 2xy)
where, A = ✓3 tan k 1s '
. an arb 1trary constant.
li,c¼s. y :::: C(x + a) (1 - ay)]
!Ven dift • [1]
erential equation is
59. Given differential equation is
· dy y 2 + y +1
-+~--"---=O ( x - y) dy = x + 2y
Dn dx x 2 + x +1 dx
seParar · ,
, tng th~ variables, we get dy = x ·+ 2y
dy dx or ... (i)
~ +----=O dx x-y
y + Y +1 X 2 + X + 1
 44-0 I Allinone I
\ r-i I '\ \ \ l \ t :.i , I h ri,
\ " I lo~ I 'l l
h IvI ► v ~ I
A,
1 .1 7q
,..,,
7.
i[~f"
>-"r-1\ "' - - log I X I ! r,
~l'I ,r ( \ . \ ) 1- " h,, m,~ Rl"O("OH 'I fun, l h1 n of ,h·g t f'I' 1 Nll
1'h<'h"f,,1'(' , !liV('h i'l1ffc- 1•N H 11,l r qll l\ l i,, 11 I~ fl h11111n J,(,~ll l' OII II
1-.. f ;r J .. ,. /
...
t
,, .tr.
1:hff\"~t\ llnl ~ 1, 111""n II I
'"">
l
lo~ Iv + v + I I - -1 .
,
7
2 ( ;,,
':' tan ' , , ~ ' )
Al""'' · lht' ~ivt'o ,hfff'N-nlll'I I e-q111\ I m n , a 11 ht> w ri ll t' II n~ l 2 ,n f.,
I 4 a_ v 1 , ) =- lr1g I :r I + r_
d~ ·
- - f ( .v ) ...(ii)
) .
d '.I.

dv
l ( , )') ,

dv
⇒ I I
-1 log -y '2 + -y + l - -3 . 72 tan ' [ _x
ly + I
j
'- n purrtnsi. " - , ~ a nd - '- =v + x - in Eq . (i), we get 2 X X 2 ✓3 , f:,--
,
dx dx
d,· x + 2vx dv 1 + 2v
1• + ., - = - - - ==> v+x - = - - = - log I x I + C [
d.x x - vx dx 1- v I f,lir ,.

dv 1 + 2v dv
x - = - - -v ==> x-=
dx 1- v dx
1 + 2v - v
1- v
+ v
2
⇒ ½log I +;, + I- tant r,;J
y' x' Jj
dv 1 + v + v2
X- = ---- =- log I x I + c,
dx -( v-1) ⇒ -1 log I y 2 + xy + x 21 - -1 1og Ix 2 I
2 2
On separating the variables, we get
(v-1)
2
dv=-dx - ✓3 tan-' ( 2y.ftxx )= - log i x - :
v + V +1 X
[1]
On integrating both sides, we get
I [ ·: log m
n
= logm- Joq,·
.
I
J v z v-1
+ v + 1 dv =-
fdx
-;-
⇒ -1 log I y z + xy + x z I - log I x I - v3
r::: tan _, (2y-y--:.
=_f
2 v3r
2( v - 1) dv dx
v2 + V + 1 X =- log I x I + C,

2v - 2 dv = _ f dx ⇒ !_ log I yz + xy + xz I= ✓3-tan·' (2y,; x) +c,

2
v + V +1 X
2 v3x

!_ f (2v + 1) - 2
3 dv =_f dx ⇒ log IY 2 + xy + xz I= 2✓3 tan-'( 2~+/ )+ 2c,
2 V + V +1 X

==> !_ f( 2
2v + 1 ) dv - ~ f v 2 +v+l=-
dv f -;-
dx [1] ⇒
2 r:::
log I y + xy+ x 2 1 = 2v.jtan-' (2y+x)+c
✓3x
..r-
.
2 V + V +1 2
. [pur e: !
!_log lv 2 +v+ll-
3
2
-J dv
- - - - -- = - log Ix I+ C1 which is the required general solution.
r.

[
·.· put v2 + v + 1 = t ==> (2v + 1) dv = dt
.·.f v(2+v+l)+ 1 dv= f dt =logltl=loglv
2
t V
(v+½r +1-¼

2
+v+ll
l 60. Solve as Question 59.
Ans. log I y 2 + xy + x 2 I=

61. Given differential equation is

2✓3 tan-'(~ -3,
) n

3 f
2 dv
(✓3) 2
[ X sin
2
( ~ )- y] dx + X dy :: O
==> ½loglv +v+ll- 2 1
z

(v+z) + 2 . z(Y)
y-xs1~ -;
=- log I x I + C, [1) dy=---~~
dx x
 441

0 11 p11llh1g y = vx, then th e given cq u11Li on becomes

sl11 v riv = - ilx [Am,.co11 .:!:'. = log Ix 1]

X X

6~:.J1 , Hint· Given dlffercnllnl equation co n IJC rewn·tt cn as

]1tc'll, F(x. y) = dy = y
dx 2x - x log (; )
= +-,~u'(~)] Verify F(Ax, Ay) = F(x, y)
AX On putting y = vx and dy = v + x dv, then given
dx dx
_, :!I== F( .\'. _r) is a homogeneous differential equation. equation becomes
~-.Lr U/2] dv vx
dy _dv . .
• == ,:,· :llld - = v + ., - m Eq. (1), we get v + x dx = 2x - x log ( v:)
J'11t ) dx dx [l/2]

(-x\IX)
2 dv v
vx-xsin ⇒ X- ----V
dv dx 2- log v
,·+x-
dx x ⇒ J 2 - log v dv _ Jdx
dv . dv v (log v -1) x
v+ x-= v -sm 2 (v) ⇒ x-=-sin 2(v) [1] ' 1
d.x dx On putting log v = t and - dv = dt, we get
dx V
cosec 2 v dv = - - 2
x - t dt = log I x I + C
Jt-1 ' I

On integrating both sides, we get

2
Jcosec vdv+J~ =0 [1]
⇒ JC~l -1)dt = logJx J+C

⇒ -cot v + log Ix I= C
[Am log =Cl
⇒ -cot(;)+loglxl=C [putv=;] ... (ii)[ll
logtl
~I
Also, given that y = ~. when x = l. 64. Given differential equation is
4
dy = ~ = F(x, y) ... (i)
-cot~+ log 11 I= C dx x 2 + y2
4
C=-l+0 ⇒ C=-1 [1/2] On replacing x by AX and y by Ay in Eq. (i), we get
- )._2xy 0
So, the required particular solution is F(Ax, Ay)- 2 2 2
A F(x, y) [11
)., (x + y)
-cot(;)+ log Ixi= -1 Thus, F(x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree zero.
Hence, the given differential equation is a homogeneous
~ I+ log Ix I- co{;) = O [1] differential equation.
dy dv
[l/2]

Now, put y = vx and - = v + x - in Eq. (i), we get

ILmnt Given
. equation can be rewritten as dx dx
dv v dv v
dy y 1 ... (i) v+x-=-- ⇒ x - = - - - v [1/2]
-=---- dx 1 + v 2 dx 1 + v 2
dx x . y
sm- dv v -v -vJ
x x - = - -2 -
(i) Let F(x, y) = 2'._ _ _1_ dx 1- v

~J
dv vJ
X sin 2'._ x - = - - -2
dx 1+ v

F(Ax, Ay) = A-y _xl_ = J..'

AX . ).,y
(r _ r
X sin
1 + v2 dv = - dx
VJ X
[l]

sm - On integrating both sides, we get

Ax x
. '
L
1
= A-° F(x, y)
the tven differential
J(~ + .!.) dv = - Jdx
·~ , g· • • V V X
equation is homogeneous.
 442 I Allh,,One I MATHEMAtics CJ
~~ 12~
1
=> - 2v 2 + log I " I= - log I x I + C [I] v+ 2
V (C)
= -;
2

~ -(c)
2

=> - 2yx 2 + log X IX.I= - log I x I + C 2

x2 l_ + 2 X

=> - -2y2 + log I Y I- log I x I= - log I x I + C X

x2
2y2 + log I y
=> - ---- I=C .. .(ii) [l]
It 1s given that y = 1, when x = 1.
It is given that y = 1, when x = O.
From Eq. (ii), we get .. _1_ =
1 3
(c)2=>
! = cz
.. 1+2
log I 1 I= C 11

x2 Hence, the particular solution of given d

1

C =0 => - - 2 + log I y I =0 equation is ifferen~

2y ·1
-
x2 -x' y - 3
log I y I = -
2y2
=> y = e 2y'
y+ 2x - xz
y 1
which is the required solution. [1] =-
y+ 2x 3x 2
65. Given differentia l equation is
2
x dy+(xy+ y 2 )dx=O => 3x y
2 = y + 2x, which is the required solutio
· n. Iii
=>
2
x dy = - (xy + y dx 2
)
66. Hint (i) Show that the given differential equati.on i
dy = - ( yx + y2)
homogene ous. 2
=>
dx x2
(ii) Write the given equation as dy = (;)
(;)-l.
. => ' ...(i) dx

-
: =-(;)-(;/

which is a homogene ous, as -: = t(;} [1] (iii) Substitute y = vx to solve it. [ Ans. ~ - log I~=c]

..
= (2xy + y
(~r
2
67. Given, x dy 2
) dx
On putting y = vx and dy = v + x dv in Eq. (i), we get
dx
dv
v + x-=-v -v 2
dx
=> :~ ~ 2xyx: y z = 2: + Iii

dx
[the given differentia l equation is homogeneous]
dv
=> x-=-2 v-v 2 and dy = v + x dv in Eq. (i), we gel
dx
[I]
On putting y = vx
1 1 dx dx
=> dv =- -dx v 2x 2
2v + v 2 x V
dv 2vx
+ X - = - + -- = 2v + V 2 111
2
1 1 dx x x
=> dv = - -dx --. dv
v(2 + v) X __,, X-=v+ v 2

2 1 dx
=> dv =- -dx 1 1 ill
2v(2 + v) X => ---dv=-dx
v(v+l) x
1
=> _!_ ( _!_ - - -) dv = - .!_ dx
⇒(~ - - 1+1- ) dv = .!_ dx
[1]
2 V v+2 · X

V V X
=> -lJl- dv - -lJ -1- dv = - Jl - dx + log C
2 V 2 v+2 X
On integratin g both sides, we get
1 1
=> - log I v I - - log I v + 21 = - log I x I + log C J _!_ dv - J -V 1+1
- dv = J _!_ dx
2 2

I-" I
V X

=> _!_ log = log C I I log v - log Iv+ 11 = log !xi+ log !Cl

=>
2

I 1
V

log v : 2 = 2 log
+ 2 X

I~ I log l-"-1
V +1
= log ICxl
_Y_=C x
y+x
 .al Equations
•1cre11tI
,. r11 443
_ 1 and x =1, then
1\fhell y - 1
--= C ⇒ c ::::.!. On putting y = vx and dy = v + x dv in Eq. (i), we get
1+1 2 dx dx
·ng the value of C in Eq. (ii) we ge t dv l - 3v 2
uttJ ' V-1-X - = - --
011P v 1 dx v :1 3v
-·-=-x -

)' + X 2 dv 1 - 3v 2
X - = --- - V
2y = xy + x 2
dx v
3
- 3v
x2+ -'1' - 2y =o dv 1 - 3v 2 - v 1 + 3v 2
~ [IJ X - = - -- - --
,·. equation can be written as dx v 3 - 3v •
, t,1,en ·
\ 2X 2 +X dv 1 - v1
dy - -3- - - --dx X - =---
- (x + x 2 + x + 1) dx v3 - 3v

t1n ll1
• tegrating both sides, we get
2X 2 +· X
⇒ (v1-V v)dv = dx
3
- 3
1
X
[1]

fdy = f(x' + x 2
+ x + 1) dx On integrating both sides, we get
-f 2X2 + X dx J(~J_-:4v) dv = f d:
~ y - (x+ l)(x 2 +1) [1/2]
3
2x 2 + x A Bx+ C
Let (x+l)(x 2 +1) = (x +1) + (x 2 +1) [1] f ( 1 _ v3v) dv = log lxl + loglq
V -
4
... (ii)
2 2 3
2x + x _ A(x + 1) +(Bx+ C)(x + 1)
Then - - - - 2- - - - - - - - - - - ' -2- ' - - . : . ⇒ f 1-v
V
- -4 dv - 3 J-V
- dv = log IC xl
. 1-v 4 1
' (x +l)(x +1) (x_+l)(x +1)
⇒ I 1 - 3J 2 = log IC1xl ...(iii)
: : ;,
2
2x + x =x 2
(A + B) + x(B + C) + (A + C)
⇒ A+B=ZB+C=landA+C=O where, J1 = f 1-v
~ dv and I 2 = ~ dv
J1-v [1]

1 3
A = - , B = - and C = - -1 [I] Put 1 - v
4
= t, then - 4v 3 dv = dt ⇒ v 3 dv = - -dt I
2 2 2 4 I
-x--
3 1 I
I
=f ...:.dt
4t
=-.!_logltl=-.!_logll-v
4 4
4
1

⇒ y=.!.f_l_dx+J 2 2dx [1/2] 4

[putt =1-v
= f v dv = f v dv
]
2 (x + 1) (x 2 + 1) and I [1]
1
y=-loglx +11 +- - -2x- d x - - 2
dx 3J lJ 1 2 1-v4 . l-(v2)2
2 2 (x + 1) 2 (x + 1) Put v z = z, t h en v d v = -dz
Putx2 +1 = t, then 2xd x = dt [1] 2

1 3
Y = -loglx + 11 + -logltl - -tan x +
' 1 -I C I 2 = .!_
2
f 1__!!!_
- z
= _I_ log 11 + z I
2
2 2 1- X Z
2 4 2

"> Y==.!.[Iog{(x +1) 2 (x 2 +1) 3 }]-.!..tan-'x + C

4 2
[1]
[··f a dx-x
• 2 _ 1 1og la+x~
2 --
2a
--
a-x
=.!_log 11 + v22 I [put z = v 2 ]
When Y = 1 and x = O, then 4 1- v
1= C
On substituting the values of I, and I 2 in Eq. (iii), we get
:,The required particular solution is
y, I [ 2
,4 log {(x + 1)2 (xz + 1)3}]- .!. tan-' x + 1 [l]
4-
4

4
- -2 1 = log IC,xl
- -1 log'I11- v I - -3 log ll+v
1- v
[l]
½ 2
, Given di,ffi . .
erential equation can be rewntten as 3
1 · 1+ v2
- - log (1 - v ) ( - -2)
4
= log IC ,x I
1 3 4 1- V
dy _ x' - 3xy' ~ · - ( ~)' ... (i)
dx - y-'.3x y ( ) (y)
3 2 3
1 I
~ --log (1-v )(l+v )X--'-l=loglCxl
2 2 (1 +V
2 3
)

~
3 4 (1-v 2)3 I
%ich ·. - -;
18
a homogeneous differential equation, as ⇒ log l(l + v:;: _,,,~.log IC,xl
(1- V ·
[1/2]
[1/2]
dy == f (~)
dx x
 444 I Allh,one I MATHEMAl
tcs c,
\
dy
ll ]•114 On IJutling y = vx and - = v + dv
(l+v/ = C'x dx x -- in p
[ () _ \I " )2 I dx •!/.(!)
dv vx (x cos v + vx 8 - ,i,,
(1 + ,,~)'' v +x -- = ~
- - - = (('y)
1 ,1 dx x (vxsmv - xco~v)
(1 - v~)P ·
dv _ v (cos v + v sin v)
Iraising power (- 4) on hol h sidcsJ ⇒ v +x - - - - - - -
dx v sin v - cos v
dv v cos v + v 2 sin v
x - =- - - - -
dx v sin v - cos v - v

dv v cos v + v 2 sin v _ vz .
x - =~ ain , +.
dx v sin v - c08--....-y ':·,

x\x 2 - y 2)2 c>- ◄ dv 2v cos v

x - = - - - --
2 dx v sin v - cos v
⇒ (x - _y2 )~= Ci( x 2 + y2 )4
⇒ (x
2
- .v2) = C,2(x 2 + y2)2 [taJcing square root] ~ sin v - cos v) d 2
v = -dx
( V COS V X
⇒ x 2- .v2 = C(x 2 + y 2)2 [put Ci= CJ [1]
which is the required genera] solution. ( tan v - l) dv = ; dx
70. Hint (i) Write the given differentiaJ equation as On integrating both sides, we get

dy = [3(~)+(~)'] J(tan v - !..) dv = f 2 dx

. V X

dx 1+(~) ⇒ Jtan v dv - J!._ dv = 2 f!._X dx

V
(ii) Substitute y = vx to solve it. ⇒ log Icos v I - log I v I = 2 log 1·x I+C
-
•• (iii) Use x = 1 and y = 1 to find the vaJue of C. ⇒ log Iv cos v I + 2log I x I = - C
[Ans. y2x + 2yx = 3]
2 3
[·: log m+logn= ~
2
71. Hint Given equation can be rewritten as ⇒ log[(vcosv)x ]=-C
d =
. z ~
+y
(v cos v) x2 = e-c [·: log,x=m ⇒ 1=1
F(x, y) = --1' y - x x ... (i)
dx xy
2
x v cos v =A [consider A=i
Verify F(Ax, 'A,y) = 'A,°F(x, y) x 2 1'. cos 1'. = A [pu! v=:
dy dv h . . X X
On putting y = vx and-= v + x-, t en given equation
dx dx
becomes
⇒ · xy cos 1'. = A, which is the required solutio~.
X ,
dv v
v+x-=----
2 +v2 -.J1 73. Let P0 be the initial population and the pop
u]ation f
.
dx v
t years be P.
dv -~
x-= According to given problem, we get
dx v

[Ans . .J x + y2 + x log Ix I= Cx]

2 dP
dt
=(-2..)xP
100
P
Given. {x cos (1) + y sin(~)} Y dx
dP
72. dt 20
Now, separating the variables, we get
= {y sin(~)- cos(~)} X X dy dP dt
P 20
y {x cos 1'. + y sin 2'.} On integrating both sides, we get
dy = X X
... (i) [1] t
logP=-+C,
dx x{y sin 2'. - x cos 2'.} 20 c, ::::C
X '• X --. p _ e112o+c, _ 1120 c, _ Ce1120 where e o
__,, .- -e ·e - , P,:::c ·e
Clearly, the given differential equation is homogeneous. ·: At t = 0, P = P0 , therefore we have 0
f
tiaJ Equations
•"erefl
~!fl'
445
C = po
p = po e"2" fl'l
'(!JUS, . . ( i)
Nriw l11lt hdl v, I ,, ,•1,.,,I /' 1 r1f1r,, ,,, ,. W' '
. Jet t years be the hme requitl'd t,, 11011 1, 1.. 1<11( I /JOO (
11
N° •1 fjon. Then. we have ' 1111,
iojlll 11 2P. = P. e '' ~n <>11 '"'"lr,r, ~h" ,,.., ,,,,,, ,if r· ,,, J(,, flJ , VI " wt
r II

2 = r'
0

⇒ l0 R 2 ~ ' lop, r
00
,,, Jrtp; (/I) '
;),(/
/· 1 lr,Jt, J (}(J I/ fJ/21

20
t = 20 log 2 I
·: h,Ar - tl 11111
> lov,( / 1 ) t,,g lfl(l(J

I ,. l w
;), fJ

. t,r the p0pulation at I ime t . th en dy "" 1

·• }.rl .1
' d\'
dt .l . l<1f{
l fl()O
1
1 [ ·:
I
J,,Jt, m Jr,Jt, n- lr,g ~n] f JI
= ky . w h ere k
d.t
d ,·
is A C'o nstnn1.
,,, W li e111 10, lh r n lrijl, f l' j / J()
-'- = kdt
,, I ()(JfJ '/.fJ

, tnte~rating: both sides. " "e get l(J()(J

e "' r·.· l.rig,x = m = X = e"'] I l l
' n e-
log j ."I = kt + C l ·: y > O] ...(i)
/1
- e
r, -,
= I.Me
\r the ~·ear I oq9_ t = 0. y = 20000 1000
i:, 0 m Eq. (i). we get
⇒ P = 1000 / l.648:::;; P =16413
log 20000 = k(O) + C
Hence, after 10 yr, the amount will worth ~ 1648. (11

~ log 20000 = C 76. Similar as Question 75. (An&. 6.93%]

... (ii)
,r, the rear 2004, t = 5. y = 25000 [II
77. Let the rate of change of the volume of the balloon be k ,
'•omEq. (i), we get where k is constant.
log25000 = ks+ C d
Then, -(Volume)= Constant
dt
log 25000 = 5k + log 20000 [ using Eq. (ii)]
3 3

Sk = log ( 25000) = log (~)

; (; 7tr ) =k [-: volume of sphere = ;1tr ]

20000 4
1 S
k = -log-
s 4
(1 !~) =
rt) ( 3,
2
k
[I]
On separating the variables, we get
For year 2009, t = l0yr [1]
4rtr 2 dr = k dt ... (i)
\'0w, putting the values oft, k and C in Eq. (i), we get
On integrating both sides, we get
logy= 10 x }log (1) + log(Z0000)
[l)
J
4rt , a dr = k J dt [I]

r'
logy= log[20000 x (¾)'] 41t - =kt+ C
3
41tr~ = 3(kt + C') ... (ii) [I]
[·.· logm + logn = logmn]
S 5 Now, initially t = 0 and r = 3. we ~et
y= 20000X-X- [J] 41t(3)~ = 3(k X O+ C') ⇒ 1087t =3C
...., 4 4
B y = 31250 . ==> C = 36'lt [1]
ence, the population of the village in 2009 will be 312 ~~j Also, when t = 3, tht<u ,. = (\
Thernforn, from .Eq. (H). we gt't
)~. Let, p and t be the principal and tune,
.· f ly It is
respec ive · ·llt{CI)~ • ~U; '< :,\ + (')
of that, t e pnnc1pal mcreases continuous
given h . . . · }y at the rate ~!i,11t a ~(~k + :\t>Jt)
5%per year.
:1k 111 ~~Sn: - :,\hlt' :::: ::!SZ'rt.
dP dP S [11 Mi ~ilf k [l]
-=S%ofP ⇒ - = - P ==>
~ ~ & 100 On puUl11~ the ve1hw~ ,,t'k and C In Hq. (H). we get
separating the variables, we get ,lit,:• • :\( iiJ ff I + ;\hlf)
dP 1 ri12J ,lff1'
1
.... JJC(Cl~lt + ;l7 )
-=-dt
On · P 20 ,.~ .., tl'. lf· I· ,rl
llltegraf mg both sides, we get
;::::) I "" ( (\,L\t. I
I
Ll f j )\ ' ~
. , ,.

JdP =
P
f~20 dt whkh lti rcq.tt lr<'d 1'111111111 ,if t hc1 ht\l11'l'l\ at time t . fl)

'
Iog(P)=-t+C
1 [·: p > O] ... (i) [11
20
 I AJJh,One I MATHEMATJcs CI~.
"'1,'·1i
448
. the integratin g fact9r of the ct·lffer
9 Wt1te ·

I TOPIC PRACTICE 3 I equation

(l + y z) + (2xy - cot y)
dy
dx == o.
e1111

u\Jl llld1
11

~~i,,

OBJECTI VE TYPE QUESTIO NS SHORT ANSWER Type I Questions '

II M arki
12 Marks!
1 The integrating fac tor of d.ifferential equation solution of the differ .
10 F11. 1 d the general
dJ'
COS :\· -
dx
(a) C'OS X
+ }'SUL\'=
·
. 1 l· S

(b) ta n x
equation
d 2Y
d;
+ -:X-- = x.
en1ta1

[DeJb; 21
(d) sin x dy . )Ji1,
(c) sec x 11 Solve _ + y = cos x - sm x.
dx
2 The integrating fa ctor of differential equation
du
(1 - :r 2) _!_ - :,y = l is 12 Solve dy + 2xy = Y·
dx dx
(a) - (b)-x-
X
1+ x
2 13 Solve dy - 2y = cos 3x.
dx .
2
(c) .J1- x c (d) !_ log(l - x ).
14 Solve the differentia l equation x dy + y =xi
2
dx '
3 The solution of x dy + y = e"' is
given that y := 1, when x = 2.
dx
ex k 15 Solve ydx +(x - y 3 ) dy = 0.
(a) y =-+- (b) y = xe x + ex
x X

(c) y = xe •· +k
eY k SHORT ANSWE R I Type II Questions
(d)x=-+ -
y y 14 Marks!
4 The general solution of differential equation 16 Solve x dy .- y = log x.
d ~ dx
i = e 2 + xy is
dx
17 Solve the differentia l equation
(a) y = ce-x ' 12 (b)y=Ce x'12
(c) y =(x + C)e x' 12 (d)y=(C-x )ex ' 12
cos X · dy + 2 sin X · y = sinx-cosx.
dx
5 The solution of differential equation 18 Solve cos 2 x : +y = tan x. [NCERII
dy y . .
-+-=sm x1s
dx X 19 Solve the differentia l equation
(a) x (y + cos x) =sin x + C
(b) x ( y - cos x) = sin x + C
dy
(1 + x 2) dx
1
tan- x '/
+ y= e . [All 1ndia201•
(c) xy cos x =sin x + C
20 Find the general solution of the differential
(d) x (y + cos x) = cos x + C
equation (l + y2) + (x - etan-• Y) dy = 0.
VERY SHORT ANSWER Type Question s dx g,:eJJ1P1arl
II Marki [Delhi 2016; NCERT
21
6 Fi nd the general solution of the differential
Find the in(;~~atin! f)a:or of the differentia l equation (x + 2y3) dy = y.
equation x
✓ x dy = 1.
✓ dx oaod
-
22
[Delhi 2015] Solve (1 + x 2) dy + 2.xy =-1-, where Y::::
1 + x2 . 20
111
dx
7 Find the integrating factor of x dy + 2y x X == 1. [NCERT; fore1"1
dx == COS X.
23 d
8 Find the integrating factor of y dx_+ x == y3 . Solve (xz + 1) cix - 2.xy =(x2 + 2)(x2 + 1).
dy .
24
Solve the differentia l equation
(1 + x )dy + 2.xy dx = sec 2 x d,x.
2
r ,terefl
tial Equations 44 9
!)Jfl'
I
I

.· d the gene ral solut ion of the diffe rent·Ia 1 37 Solve the follo wing diffe renti al equa tion
•' fill dy 2
I! tion (xlo gx)- + y = -log x. dy + ycotx = 4xco secx, given that Y = 0, when (
eqU8 , dx X
dx
[Fore ign 2014; Delhi 2010) [Delh i 2012C ; Fore ip 20l l]
X = 1t/2.
ve the diffe rentia l equa tion (y + 3x2) dx =
~ ~I ~ ~ 38 Solve the ,d iffere ntial equa tion
2
[All India 2011] (x 2 +l) dy + 2xy = ✓X + 4. [Delh i 2010]
dx
, f'ind the gene ral solut ion of (x + y) dy =l
"
7 dx [NCERTJ 39 Solve the diffe renti al equa tion
ZS Solve the diffe renti al equa tion x dy + y = xcos x + sinx, given that y = 1 when
-. dx
(x 2 -l)dy +2x y=-1
2 7t
dx x -1 X=- · [Delh i 20171
2
!9 Solve the diffe renti al equa tion 40 Solve the follo wing initia l value prob lem
1
(tan- x - y) dx = (1 + x 2) dy: · [All India 2017)
(x 2 + 1) y' - 2xy = (x" + 2x + 1) cos x, y(0) = 0.
2
. dy .
10 If y(t) is a solut ion of (1 +t) -dt
- ty = 1 and
· - ·1 41 Find the parti cular solu~ ipn 2_ofth e diffe renti al
y(O) = - L then show that y(l) = . 2 equa tion (tan-1y-x)d y=(l+ y )dx, given that x==l,
[NCE RT Exem plar] when y = 0. [Delh i 2015; All India 2015]

ll Find the parti cular solut ion of diffe renti al 4 2 Solve the initia l valueI
prob lem
. dy X + y cos X . h
equation - . =- , given t at y == 1, yer dx = (y 3 + 2xer )dy, y(O) = 1
dx l+sm x j
.
••

[All India 20161

when x = 0. 43 Solve the follo wing diffe renti al equa tion.
J2 Find the equa tion of a curv e pass ing throu gh (1 + x )dy + 2xy dx =cot x dx, x :;t 0
2

[~ India 2012C , 2011)

the point (0, 2), given .that the sum of the
coordinate of any poin t on the curv e exce eds 44 Solve the initia l value prob lem ,
the magnitude of the slope of the tang ent to the
[NCERTJ (x - sin y) dy + (tan y) dx = 0, y(O) = 0.
curve at the poin t by 5.
45 An equa tion relat ing to the stabi lity of an
n Find the parti cular solut ion of the diffe renti al . . b . dv
given that Y = 0 aerop1ane 1s given y - = g cos a- kv' wher e vis
equa tion: + 2ytan x = sin X, dt
the veloc ity and g, a, k are cons tants . Find an
Whenx= ~
3· expre ssion for the veloc ity, if v = 9 at t = O.

lONc
o ANSWER Typ e Q uest ions
l Marks! ·
I HINTS, & SOLUTIONS I
14 Sol 1. (c) Given that, cos x :: + ysin x =1
·
d ~e the diffe rentia l equa tion dy
• Y- cosx (2 - y cosec x)dx given that Y = 2, - + ytanx = secx
dx
Whenx = Jt/2 •
jl" ' . Here, P = tanx and Q = secx
l F'• Jtanxdx = e Iogsec· x
renti al
llld the parti cular solut ion of the diffe IF = eJ = e
Pdx

equar dy ·
ion x dx + y- x + xyco tx = o_, x *- 0, given =sec x

that Wh 7t 2. (c) Give~ ~at, (1- x.2 /Y

dx
- xy = 1
'l6 en X = 2' y = 0. [Delh i 2015.C, 2011CJ
dy x 1
⇒ ----y 2
= - -2
Solve dy dx 1-x .' 1-x
;j; ~ 3 Y cot x = sJn2x, wher e y =_2 and
which is a linear differ ential equat ion.
h !E_
2' [NCE RT; All India 2015C ]
 1
All;,,,one I MATHEMAnes
C\
' Ii
450
·J • ,~
JP • t ' •' . h iti a Jjnear differential equation of th
w h ,c d e frirro
ru, 1 - x ' • I ~ - 2xdx ,... di ..Z+Py =Q
dt dx
1 e- zJ;
2
'J'' ,...,., ,...,. ,,, r -' Here, p = Tx and Q = ✓ x ·
Now, lP !!I , ' ' • r ' =,: ' • ,JI - x
Now, Integrating flactor,
dy + y •
l. (•) GtVt!,h lhAt . r = ,:
e
/ !__ d,
Jx :::
/ - !... dx
e. .{; = e2.f,
dx /Pdx -
IF == e -
y dy ,•
= dx
+ - •
x
-·
x
t . Solve as Question 6. [Ans. x2
]

wh ich I,; 8 linur difT~rentlA.I eq uation. S. Similar as Example 1. [Ans. y)

I,, 9 . Given equation can be rewritten as
tF = cJ • = c/1<11., = x
dy 2
(coty-2xy) dx =l+y
Tht gcnt!,ral solution Is y• = x f(\' ·x) d x
cot y- 2xy dx
:= y · x = f e•dx ( 1 + y2 ) = dy
= y · x=er +k dx _ cot y 2xy
e• k dy - 1 + y 2
- 1 + y2
⇒ y= - + -
x X
dx + ~ · x = coty
2
4 . (c) Given that. dy = er' tz + xy dy 1 + y t + y2
dx which is a linear differential equation of the form
dy _ xy = t! r'12 dx
dx -+Px=Q
1 dy
Herc, P=-x, Q=t!r l2
2y coty
f -rb - x 'l 2 Here, P =- - and Q = --.
IF =~ =I! 1 + y2 1 + y2
Zy dy
Toe general solution is . ,~ J~
J
y · l! - r / 2 = e-r' 12 er'l2 dx +C
2
Now, Integratmg Factor, IF= eJ =e

⇒ Yl! -r'l2 = 1dx+C f Put 1 + y = t => 2y dy = dt

2

dt

IF= e J' = e..,,.,, = t = 1 + y

- ~) 2 11.:
⇒ y -e-r'12 = X + C
⇒ y = (x + C) er'12
10. Hint (i) IF= eJ ;dx = e21og.r = e1ogx' = xz
5. (a) Given differential equation is
dy 1 .
(ii) Solution is given by y. x 2 = f x •x dx +C
2

- + y-=sm x
dx x
which is linear differential equation.
Here, P = ..!_ and Q = sin x
[ Ans. y <' + ex-']
X
11. Hint
.! dx (i) IF= ex .
IF= ef
The general solution is
J( = elogx = X
(.u") Use the formula, J e.r[f(x) + f'(x)r - e'J(i+Cl 1,1~ -

. . _._ tcos1
y·x= Jx·sinxdx+C ... (i) to sunplify the solution. [Ans, ye - e
xy = - x cos x + sin x + C t2. Given that, dy + Zxy = y
[Integrating by parts] dx
+ COS X) = sin X + C
dy d
X (y ==> dx + 2.xy - Y =O=> 2. + ( 2x - l)Y :::: O
6. The given differential equation can be rewritten as dx
which is a linear differential equation.
dy _ e- 2 .fx y
dx - ✓ x ✓ x -
On comparing it with dy + Py = Q, we get
dx
P = (2x -1) and Q == 0
 .al :Equations 451
.a- reJltl
11111B

IF=e -e -e
2.-•
(7 - x
fPtb:_f(2,r-l)dx _
)
•
=e ... - . - Now, put log x cc t
I
./
. . . 11( I
~ow,

a11d
the complete s~1ution is given by
y•e x' -" = j(Q -e"'-..- )dx+c
=>

=>
_!_ dx = dt
X

X = e'
./
·· Prom Eq. (i), we get
Ill
f - 2th: -2x l:'. = J .!_1 dt + C ==> 1:'.. = J(t-e -')dt + C fl)
Jiinl (i) If = e =e X e I II X

13, F simplifying the solution. _, e -'

(ii) or => l:'.=t· -e- -J 1--- dt+C
LeI
. I== f e-
I
2x
cos
II
3x dx X (-1) (-1)
[using integrating by partsJ
sin3x
-2• .- - Je -2..- (
- dx
sin3x
- 2) -
=e 3 3 l:'. = - t e-• + Je-'dt + C
X

l:'. = - t e _, - e _, + C
X

1:'.. = - log
X
x(:..)- _!_ +
X X
C
-I]
[·: e
-/
= e -logr = e Iog,r-• -- x

=> y =- log x -1 + Cx
e-2• sin3x
= -e -2..- cos 3x - -41
2 => · y=Cx-(logx+ l),
3 9 9 (1)
which is the required solution.
[ Ans. y = ~ (3sin3x - 2cos 3x) + Ce
2
"] 17. Given differential equation is
1 dy .· .
cos x - + 2 sm x • y = sm x · cos x
14. Similar as Question 10. dx
dy 2 sin x sin x · cos x
-+--·y
[Aru. xy = :· - 2] dx COS X
'd .
COS X

..1'..+ 2tanx·y=sin x ... (i) (1)

IS. Hint (i) Write the given differential equation as dx
dx X 2 which is a linear differential equation of the form
-+-=y.
dy y dy +Py=Q
dx
(ii) Similar as Example 4. [ Ans. ry = ~• + C] Here, P = 2 tanx and Q = sin x.
f 2tan,rdx = e 2'-,cc,r
Now, IF= e f
Pdx
=e """
l6,Given diffierential equation.is
· · [·: f tan x dx = log secx]
= eios='" = sec 2
x [1]
xdy - y = logx
dx and the required solution is given by
y x IF= f (Q x IF) dx + C
and it can be rewritten as dy - Y = log x,
x 1
dx x y·sec 2 x =f sin x---2-dx +C
cos x
Which is a linear differential equation of the form [1]
=> y·sec 2 x =f secx-tan x dx +C
dy + Py=Q
dx ==>
2
y·sec x = secx + C [·: f secx tan x dx = sec x)
liere, p = _ .!_ and Q = log x. ==> y = cos x + C cos 2
x [divide by sec 2 x)
X X which is the required solution. · [1]

Now In
=x
J ~dx -Iogr -1 [1] is. Hint
' tegrating Factor, IF = e "' = e
th (i) Given differential equation can be rewritten as
at!d e solution of differential equation is given by dy 2 2
-+sec xy=sec xtanx
Y·x-• = J (1o;x ·_x- 1 }x + C dx
Here, P = sec x and Q = sec x •tan x .
2 2

2'. = J log x dx + C ... (i)[l] (ii) IF= etanr [Ans. Y · etanr = e•anr (tan X -1) + C]
X X2
 I All/,n0ne I MATIIEMAr 1es l1~
1
!11
452 7t
O= - + C
4
19. Htnt Wrilr th r givrn ,Hftt-trnt i11l rqn11t1nn "~
,.. ', C=- ~
d~ ) ' .j .,, ,, 4

.. U· -
d1: H t I IH t ·,
l
r '• ''
I ~·
- ,. 1•· • ;.m~ 1 rq11it N1 ;u,J11 th1t1 •~ ({i Vl'll hy
I And I >' I Y
1
~ "'" ' -" - ; ]
- 2x
\ ' "'•~ • :r Jr
\1
,., _' tit
l ' l
i""' ' I '"' • r , ,.. ' • <
l
1 1. Hint (I) fkM , fl - xi + 1 and Q == x1 + 2
J
(ii) IP - .x ,
1.
~ 1
(iii) The required solution is given by
1
_L == J (1+ - - Jdx + C
xi +1 l x +l
2-

2 1
[Am , y = (1 + x ) (x + tan - x + CJ]
Ill 2 I . Hint (i) Given differential equation can be rnr-_::,.,
dy 2x sec 2 x -•i
11Ltt •
- + - -y= 2
- - 2
\ r dx 1 + x 1+ x
2
1➔ I ➔
1
dy ) ' )' 2x sec x
Here, P = - -2 and Q = - -.
Idividing both sides by (I + y2 )] 1+ x 1+ x
2

wh.tdt 1s II lmeat difll"rt"ntial t"q_uation of the form . 2

(ii) IF = 1 + x
<L,
- + !',. = Q (iii) Toe required solution is given by
dy 2
l e,.,,-, '' y ·(l+x 2 ) = fsec xdx +C
Here. Pe: - - and Q = - - .
J + y· 1 + y2 tanx
Ans. y = - -? + -C-2 ]
_;_ tr [ 1 + x- 1+ x
P<h
Now, IF = e J = t
I I+ ' , , =t
w,-•
Y
25. Hint Given differential equation can be rewrittenE
and the required solution is given by (1]
dy y 2
- + - - = -2
x · IF= JQ ·IFdy+C 1 tl,: x logx x
1- 1- .t,.,
IF= e x k."t; .,. = e~~-" = log x
So, required solution is

y lo~x = f x~,· lo~ x(i"{'+ C

ll 1 II l

Put tan - 1 y = t , then - -

1+
1
y2
dy = dt = \Q~X X 2(-.:.)-J~(-~)dx+C
X X .,

x ·ew,-•y = e 2'dt + C1 J
-I ] ,, -I
x ·e'an r = - e· ""' r + C
2 I

2x e Wl_,r = e 2 w,-, >' + 2C

I

2xet.an-'r = e 2 U&ll -•y + C

21. Similar as Example 4. [Ans. x = y3 + Cy]

22. Hint The solution of given differentiaJ equation ill IAm.1, , 1 -I ' 1 1 l 'f ·1'l i;;;.
y(l+x 2 )=tan - 1 x+C ...(J)
Also, given y =0 and x =1, then from Eq, (i), we get
m.sh11Utw 11N t\si:\inplc, ~.
0(1 +1) = tan -Xl) + C
l - l/ +c,]
A11~. r\ ,.~ '\,!,\, - . ' ·t"ti. ·Ix- ---
'J ,,•+l
r
. ·al Equa tions
'•l·elltl
0'
•1\C ·
. 453
(tan-1x - y) dx = (1 + x 2) dy
Given, i
i9· dy tan- x - Y => dy _ tan- x
1
JI. Give11 <l 1'f'f'c rc nt1nl .
• cqu a lmn is I
1
~ dt 2
: := (1 + x ) dx - ~ t+?Y dy - X + y cos X /

dy 1
1
_ tan- x dx - - - I ~I- s~
-+~Y- 2
IL crui be re writte n os /
dx 1+x l+ x ... (i)
above differe ntial equati on is lineal' 111 dy + cos x y = _ --· _x__
The . differential dx 1 + sin x 1 + sin x
equation.
This is linear differenti al equ ation of the form
inparing Eq. (i) with dy + Py = Q w , e get
onco dx ' OS
ddy + Py = Q, where P= 1 +c sinx x and Q- = - 1 + sin
x
1
x x
dQ- tan - x
1
p :::=~ an ---- IJ/21
1+ X 1+ x
2

1
.
Now, mtegrating factor IF = e 1 Pd, = e
,~ -~
1
·• "'' '
f - -,<lx
IF= eI
Pdx

)\iOW,
=e l+x = et•n-• x Put 1 + sin x = t ⇒ cos x dx = dt
[l] d1
. Solution is given by IF = el I = elogl t l
.. y·IF= fQ·IF dx+C = It I = 1 + sin x [put t = 1 + sin x] [l/21

= I -tan -IX
The general solution is given by
tan-• x - I
xdx +C
y ·e --·etan
1+ x
2 y · IF = JQ · IF dx + C

Put t = tan
-1
X => d t = -1- d X 2
y x (1 + sin x) = J- 1 +sm
~
x
•(1 + sin x) + C
1+ x
ye tan_, X
= Jt · e tdt + C = t · et - f1· et dt + c [1]
⇒ y(l + sin x) = J- x dx + C
xz
⇒ y(l + sin x) = -- +C ... (i) [1]
[integr ation by parts] 2
C
yetan-'x =t ·e -e + Also, given y = 1, when x = O
t t

⇒ yetan-'x = tan-I X · etan-'x - etan-'x + C [·:t = etan-' x]

1(1 + sin 0) = - ~ + C
. 2
⇒ yetan-'x =(tan- 1 x-l)et an-'x+ c [1]
=1 + 0 = 1 [I]
⇒ C
=1 On putting C =1 in Eq. (i), we get
m. Given differential equati on is (1 + t) dx
dy - ty
. xz
y(l + sin x) = - - + 1
dy t 1 2
andIt can e rewrit ten as - - - - y = - -
. b
dt (1 + t) +
1 t Hence, particu lar solutio n 2 of the given differe ntial
1 equatio n is y(l + sin x) = - ~ + 1.
Here, p = __
-t and Q = __ . 2 [1]
I+t l+t n is
32. According to the question, the differential equatio
Now IF- I --t
dt - f(1 -I- } t
t)] x + y = dy + 5
-e,
l+t
=e
l+t
=e -[t-log(l+ dx
: e-t ·elog(l+t ) = (l + t)e-t [1]
dy +(-l) y=x- 5 ... (i) [1]
dx
and the solutio n of differe ntial equati on is given by
which is a linear differential equatio n of the form
J
Y(l + t)e-1 = (1 + t)·e-1 __l_dt + C dy +Py= Q
(1 + t) dx
~ Y·(l + t)e-1 = e -tdt + C J Here, P = - 1 and Q = x - 5
f (-i)dx
... (i) [1] JPdx =e
- x
[1]
~ Y·(l + t) e-1 = - e-1 + C Now, IF= e =e
i\Jso · • and the require d solutio n is given by
. ' It is given that y = -1, when t == O.
·· Fr y x IF =J Q x IF dx + C
( orn Eq. (i), we get
y •e -x =f (x - 5) e -x dx + C
-I)(l+ O)e-o =-e-o +C I II
[l]
~ y-e-x =(x-5 )Je- xdx
-1=- l+C => C==O
Now, fro E
tn q. (i), we get y == -
-1 -f [; (x-5)-Je - x dx]dx+C
(1 + t) [l.ntegration by parts]
-1 -1 [l] Hence p~oved.
y(l)=--=-
(1 + 1) 2
 I AlJinOne I MATHEMArics Cla,~,
454 ,8l~ij
,
-1 - C => C =-2
=> 2- 4
... (i) Ill . The required particular solution is
⇒ y-e-x=(S-x)e -x -e -x+C
.. y= COS X - 2 COS 2 X
Since·, the curve passes through the point (0, 2), therefore
we have 34 Given differential equation is
2·e-o = (5 -0) e-0 -e--0+ C • dy == cos x(2 - y cosec x)dx

2=5-l+ C => dy == cos x( 2 - y co sec x) = 2 cos x _ y Cose

⇒ C=2- 4 =-2 dx d cx.c~1
y .
On putting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get => dy == 2cos x - ycotx => - + ycotx::: 2
dX dx cosx
e-x y =(S-x) e-x -e -x -2 I
which is a linear differential equation of the t '
⇒ y = 4 - x - 2e ·' [multiplying both sides by ex] orrn of
dy +Py= Q
which is the req~ed equation of the curve. [1]
dx
33. Given differential equation is Here, P =cotx and Q =2cos x.
dy .
+ 2y tan x = sm x
-
Now, IF= e
f Itlx = ef cotxdx = e logsinx = sm
.
x
dx
which is a linear differential equation of the and the required solution is given by
form dy + Py = Q.
dx
f
yxlf = (QxlF)dx+C
Here, P = 2tan x and Q = sin x y ·sin x = f 2 cos x · sin x dx + C
Now, If=) Pdx =) 2tanxdx
= e 2f tanxdx = e2loglsecxl ⇒ y ·sinx = fsin2xdx + C [·:sin2x = 2sufr cosr][!
. cos 2x
= elogsec = sec2 X
2
x [·: elogf(x) = f(x)] ⇒ y·smx ,= - - - - + C
2
Then, the solution of differential equation is given by
y ·(IF)= (IF)Q dx + C J Also, given y = 2, when x = ~. therefore we have
2
2
(z
2
⇒ y·sec x= Jsec x ·sinxdx+C
cos X ~) -
2
⇒ sinx
y · sec 2 x= J --dx+C
2
2·sin~ =- +c
• COS X 2 2
Put cos x = t, then -sin x dx = dt
⇒ 2-1=+.!..+c => 2-.!..=c
y·sec 2 X = - J-+C
dt 2 2
t2 4 -1 3 [I[
--=C => C=-
= -J r
2 =>
⇒ y ·sec X
2
dt + C 2 2
2 rl On putting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get
⇒ y·sec x = -1-+C
(-1) · 1 3 [II
ysm x = - - cos 2x + -
2. 1 2 2
⇒ y ·sec X = -+C
t
lS. Given, x :~ + y _ x + xycotx = 0
⇒
2 1
y-sec x = - - + C [·: t = cos x]
· COS X => dy .
⇒
2
y-sec x = secx + C x dx + Y(l + xcotx) =x
1 C On di ·d·
⇒ y = - - + -2- VI mg both sides by x, we get
secx sec x dy + Y(l + xcotx)
[dividing ~ach term by sec2 x] d =I
whi h X X of we f~
⇒ Y = cos X + C · cos 2 X dy c is a linear differential equation
N ow, 1t .
. given h =0 when x =-7t -
t at y ~+fy=~
3 [II
Here, p =I+ xcotx
0 = cos -7t + C . cos 21t- - - - - and Q = 1.
3 3 X
. 1 1
O=-+C.- Now, IF-
- e
f Pdx f (.!.x +cotx)dx
=e
2 4
:: e 10glxl +loglsinxl = elog lxsin xl ,JJl1I
lo~f(t) ,::; J(,l
= xsinx [·: e
 . tial Equations
,11ere 11 •
)111
·' 455
aJld the required solution is given by
J
y · IF = (Q · IF )dx + c
Also, give n y = 2 an
. d _ rt
X - z'
lherefore from Eq. (i), we get
y( x sin x) = J x sin x dx + C
I II
Lil 2 = - 2 si n
2
( %) + c sin %) 1
(

y(xsin x) = x J sin xdx-f [!!_< )J . ]

dx x sm xdx dx 2 = - 2+ C
C=4 [1]

. . [integration by parts] On putting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get

~ y(xsmx)=-xcosx+ cosxdx f y =- 2sin2x+4sin Jx ⇒ y = 4sin J x- 2 sin z x
which is the required solution. [J/21
~ y(xsinx) = - xcos x + sinx + C _
. . 7t ... (1) [1] 37 · Similar as Question 36.
Also, it 1s given that when x = - ' y -- 0, th ere1ore
Eq. (i), we get
2

7t
c from

7t 7t
[ An,. y = 2x' cos,cx - •: cosec x l
0 = - - cos - + sin - + C 38 · Given differential equation is
2 2 2
7t (x 2 +1) dy + Zxy = .J x 2 +4
0= --(O)+l+C ⇒ C = -1 dx
2
Hence, the required particular solution is ⇒
dy+~=~ (1)
2
dx (l+x 2) (l+x )
l]'Sin X = - X cos X + sin X - 1. [1]
which is a linear differential equation of the form
)v, Given, dy - (3 cot x) y = sin 2x dy
dx -+Py=Q
dx
v:hich is a linear differential equation of the form 2x , ✓x 2 +4
dy Here, P = --andQ = - -
2 (1)
-+Py=Q l + x2 (l+x )°
dx
/~dr
[1]
Here, P = - 3 cot x andQ = sin 2x. Now, Integrating Factor, IF= el Pdr = e
1
< +x'l

Now IF- J Pd:r - 3Jcotxd:r -3log(sinx) log (sinx)_,

=elogll+x'I =(1 +x 2)
, -e =e =e =e [1]

1 [1] and the required solution is given by

f(Q ·IF) dx + C
3
sin X
y · IF =
and the required solution is given by
J
x IF = (Q x IF) dx + C . ✓x 2 +4 2
y y ·(l + x 2 ) =f--'----·(1 +x ) dx +C [1]
(1 + x 2 )
1
~ 1
Y X-_-3- = J -- sin 2x dx +C
sm x sin 3 x

~ yx +
sm x
= 2 J sin x cos _x dx + C
sin 3 x
[1]

[·: sinZX = 2sinxcos x]

~ l JCOS X [-.- f,Jx'+a' dx =1,/x'+a' +:•log Ix +,/x' +a' 1]

--:--;- x y = 2 - - dx + C
sm x sin2 x
y (1 + x 2 ) = ~2 ~ + 2 log I x + ✓ x + 4. I + C
+
2
[1/2]
= 2 Jcot x cosec x dx + C
sm x [1]
which is th~ required solution.
y
--:-;- = - 2 cosec x + C 39, Given differential equation is
sm x dy . ... (i)
X - + y = X cos X + sm X

y = - 2 (-._1_ x sin 3 x) + C sin x

3
dx
dy y sinx
smx ... (i)[l] - + - = COS X + - - [1]
3 dx x x
y = - 2 sin x 2
+ C sin x
456
I AJJin,One I
.

- I dy
I Pdy l+y '
1nru

-
CLClVlf\ l'JCs

etan- • y
c1QJ
-~ •:

Now, IF== e == e , -
This is a linear differential equation of the form equired solution is given by
an d t h e r .
dx
d )I
- +Py = Q.
. x •IF == Q ·IF dy+C f
1
x
sin x
where P = - and Q = cos x + - -
X x ·e
'" " _, y - f tan y
- l + y2
-I
X e Ian- • y d
Y +C
Il I
IF = eI
fld_, J I ,h 1,-, '
=e ' = e ~ =x 1
Put
t == tan - i y, then dt =- - dy
1+ y 2
and the solution of different ial equation is given by
y ·(IF ) = fQ ·(IF)dx+ C x . e '."-"_, Y = f t • e' dt + C
⇒ yx = f(x cos x + sin x ) dx + C LJJ I,
X
•e1an-•y=t • e'-fl·e'dt+C ['integration by
⇒ xy = f x cos x dx + f sin dx + C r'14!
x·e • ten-• y
= t -e-e
I I+ C
⇒ , 11= xsin x - f sindx+ f sin x dx + C
[integrating 1st integral by parts] ⇒x·e1an-• y =(tan- 1 y-l)e1an-•y +C[put,t==tan-1 J ·
Y...(1)!r
⇒ .\)' = xsin x + C [l]
7t
·: It is given that x = 1, when y = 0. ·
Put x = - and y = 1, we get
2 Therefore, we have
1t 1t . 1t ., 1 · eO = (O - 1) + C
- Xl= - sm - +C
2 2 2 [l)
⇒ 1 = -l+C
1t 7t C=2
-=-+C ⇒ C=O ⇒
2 2
Now, X)' = xsinx + 0 ⇒ y = sinx [l]
H ence, x·e
tan-•y
= etan-y( tan -1
y-1)+2

40. Hint Write the given differential equation as which is the required particular solution of the differenful
equation. II
dy 2X)I (x 2 + 1)2
- - 2
= COS X 42. Hint Write the given differential equation as
dx (x + 1) (x 2 + 1)
dy dx 2x
-
2X)I
- 2 - =(X 2
+ 1) COS X
- = yze-y +-
dx X +1 dy y
J~dx . dx 2
and IF= e l+r ' = e-logJr ' +ll = (x2 + 1r1 ⇒ - - - X = y2e-y
dy y
[Ans. y = (x + 1) sin x]
2

[Ans. x = y 2(e- 1 _ e-Y)]

41. Given differential equation is
(tan-1 y-x)dy = (1+ y 2 )dx 43. Given ciiffierenti"al equation is

tan-I y-X dx (l + x 2 ) dy + 2xy dx = cot X dx [•:xiii

1 +y2 dy Above equation can be rewritten as
~
2 111
dx = _::.!_ + tan -i y (l + x ) dy + (2xy - cotx) dx =
dy 1 + y 2 1 + y2 ::::) (1 + x2) dy = (cot x - 2xy) dx
.
On dividin g b oth sides byl + x 2, we get
⇒ dx + _1_ . x = tan-1 y
dy 1 + y 2 1 + yz dy = cot x - 2xy dx
1+ x
2
which is a linear differential equation 0 ffiust order [II
[l] dy _ cotx 2xy
On comparing with dx + Px = Q w · ---
dy , e get d x -1 -
+ x2 1 + x2
dy 2
1 t -1 ==> -+ x cotx
P =- - 2 and Q = an y dx ~Y=-
1+ y 1 + y2 . X 1 + X2
Which is a 1· . fo!lfl of
Inear differential equation of the
dy
dx +Py= Q
~ ,)

, .·al Equations
;,reotl
,:r,,
I·
zx dQ- cotx
457
an -1 +-
x2
*re, p::=:----7
1+ x 2x
Ill
f - -dx
Pdx l+ x
2
_ eloglt +x 2 1
Which 111 a li11 c11r d ifferential equation of th e form
~::=, e/ =e - === 1+ ,..
A 2 riv
No1V, [ J 2x dt
·I l'v ~ <,j

·: I1 = 1 + x2 dx, put 1 + x 2 === t ~ 2x dx == dt 1lcrc, P:::: k 1111d {J =g c o ll <l.

dt Nuw, IP == e J I'd, = e Jk,l1 = e~1
=> I, =f t
Pl
=log Iti = log 11 + x'1] II I and the sol11L1011 of L11 c diffe rential equ at ion is given by
11 . 1 by
Hhe so lotion of linear differential equation is givei v • ck' = J ekt • g cus u, dt + C
.1 l y X IF = J(Q x IF) dx + C
:::::) v , l t = R cos a. Jek'dt + C
cotx
)' (1 + \-~
. )= l+ -
- f 2
x 2 X( l+x )dx+C V· e
g cos ,1. e
kt
= ----- +
kt
C
.. .( j) f I J
k
)'{ 1 + x
2
) = f cot x dx + C It is given that v = 0, when t = 0.
l 11
.i' (l + x
2
) = log! sin x I + C :. From Eq. (i), we get

log I sin x I C 0 = g cos a+ C

v = - - 2- - + -2 k
. 1+ x 1+ x
C =- g cos a
[1)
r,·hich is the required solution. • [1] k
, Hint Write the given differential equation as On putting the value of C in Eq. (i), we get
g cos a
: =-(\~~:y)
kt

' k1 - g cos a e
V·e - k k

g COS a ( e kt - l)
v · e kt ==--- [I]
⇒ dx + (cot y) x = cos Y [Ans. y = sin- 1
2x] k
dy ' .

v =· g cos a (l _ e-1r,),
k
•' Given, -dv = g COS 0.- k V which is the required expression.
dt [1]
dv
- + kv = g cos a. [1]
dt