Table of Contents

1. Selenium IDE
1.1 Introduction

1.2 History of selenium

1.3 Selenium Components

1.4 Advantages

1.5 Disadvantages

1.6 Recording

1.7 Challenges in Selenium IDE

2. Requirements of Selenium Web driver

2.1 HTML

2.2 Java

2.2.1 Basic Java Program

2.2.2 Methods with Parameters

2.2.3 Working with Static keyword

2.2.4 Working with Return Keyword

2.2.5 Working with Constructor.

2.2.6 Working with Overloading.

2.2.7 Working with Static Overloading

2.2.8 Working with Constructor Overloading

2.2.9 Working with Packages.

2.2.10 Working with Inheritance.

2.2.11 Working with Reverse String

2.2.12 Working with Interface.

3. Web Driver

3.1 Element identification in selenium.

3.2 Element identification using Css selectors:

 3.3 Element identification using Xpath:

3.3.1 X-path position (absolute Xpath):

3.3.2 Xpath Attributes (relative Xpath):

3.3.3 Xpath for Dynamic Elements

4. Selenium WebDriver

4.1 Checkpoints in Selenium

4.2 Working With different browsers:

4.3 Concept of Synchronization in WebDriver:

4.4 Working with Select drop downs:

4.5 Working with multiple elements:

4.6 Working with browser actions:

4.7 Finding value attribute of an element:

4.8 Pop-Ups:

4.9 Actions Class (or) Working with menu dropdowns (or) Mouse and
Keyboard Actions:

4.10 Drag & Drop:

4.11 Scrolling a page in Selenium:

4.12 Taking Screenshot in Selenium:

4.13 Iframes

4.14 Working with Excel data and Data Driven Framework

4.15 TestNG (TestNextGeneration):

5. Software Testing
5.1 What is mean by Testing?

5.2 Disadvantages of Manual Testing

5.3 Automation

5.4 Advantages

5.5 Disadvantages of Automation Testing

pg. 2
 5.6 Functional Testing tools

5.7 Selenium vs. QTP

pg. 3
1. SELENIUM IDE:

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The selenium IDE is the tool you use to develop your selenium test cases by using
record and play back.
1.2 HISTORY OF SELENIUM:
 In 2004 invented by Jason Huggins and team
 Originally name is JavaScript Functional Tester (JSFT)
 Open-source browser-based integration framework built originally by
Thought Works.
 100% JavaScript and HTML
 Web Testing Tool
 That supports testing web 2.0 applications.
 Supports for cross –Browser testing (On Multiple browsers)
 Supports multiple operating systems.
1.3 SELENIUM COMPONENTS:
 Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) - Record & Play back
 Selenium Core –Runs the test suits on the web server where the web
application is deployed.
 Selenium RC 1.0 – Server /Client (Selenium. Start /Selenium. Stop)
 Selenium Grid – Performance Tool
 Selenium 2.0 (Known as selenium Web Driver)
1.4 ADVANTAGES:
 It is an easy –to-use.
 It is just Firefox plug in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test
cases.
 Very useful tool for beginners
 Firefox extension which allows record/Play testing paradigm.
 Creates the simplest possible locator based on Selene’s.
 Look at various possible commands in the dropdown.
 Records a test at HTML file.
 We can export the test as Java /Ruby etc...
1.5 DISADVANTAGES:
Selenium-IDE does not directly support:
 Condition statements
 Iteration or looping
 Logging and reporting of test results.
 Error handling, particularly unexpected errors
 Database testing
 Test case grouping
 Re-execution of failed tests
 Test case dependency
 Capture screenshots on test failures.

pg. 4
  Results Report generations

1.6 RECORDING:

 Recording user actions with respect to user objects

 In selenium we have two types of recording options

1.7 CHALLENGES IN SELENIUM IDE:

 How to record a simple test case.
 How to prepare a test suite.
 How to run a test case and a test suite.
 Data Base connectivity links.
 How to write the scripts on your own.
 How to run from the middle of the script.
 How to insert the statements in the middle of the scripts.
 How to verify the text on the pop up.
 Difference between verify and assert.
 Why Selenium IDE is using in industries still.
 Converting of code.
 Purpose of all the buttons.
 Align the test cases in test suite.
 Aligning of statements in script.

2. REQUIREMENTS OF SELENIUM WEB DRIVER:

2.1 HTML:

To start automating any web application it is required to have a web application. This topic
explains how to create a small webpage in our own machine.

Let is create a web page which has the following elements in it.

1. Username Text box.

2. Password Text box.
3. Login button.
4. Reports check box.
5. Two radio buttons- Male and female.
6. One link named google – If link is clicked it should redirect to Google page.
7. One image.
8. One image with the link – If clicked on the image it should redirect to flipkart.
9. Single select drop down.
10. Multi-select drop down.
11. Text area.
12. Browse button.

pg. 5
The page should appear as follows.

This is the required web page. The HTML code should be as follows.

<html>

<head>

<title>Welcome to html</title>

</head>

<body>

Username:<input type="text" name="uname"/>

Password:<input type="password" name="pwd"/>

<input type="button" id="but" value="Login"/>

<input type="checkbox" id="rep"/>Reports

<table >

<tr>

<td><input type="radio" name="gender" id="female"/> Female</td>

<td><input type="radio" name="gender" id="male"/> Male</td>

</tr>

</table>

<table >

pg. 6
 <tr>

<td><a href="http://google.com" class="myclass">Google </a></td>

</tr>

</table>

<table >

<tr>

<td><img src="mobile.jpg"/></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="http://flipkart.com" >

<img src="flip.jpg"/></a></td>

</tr>

</table>

<table>

<tr>

<td><select name="city">

<option value="1">Bangalore</option>

<option value="2">Chennai</option>

<option value="3">Kolkatta</option>

<option value="4">Delhi</option>

</select></td>

<td><select name="city-multiple" multiple="">

<option value="1">Bangalore</option>

<option value="2">Chennai</option>

<option value="3">Kolkatta</option>

<option value="4">Delhi</option>

</select></td>

</tr>

</table>

pg. 7
 <table >

<tr>

<td><textarea name="description"></textarea></td>

<td><input type="file" name="browse"/></td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Write the above code in Note pad and save as filename.html. Double click on the file where
it is saved. The required html is obtained.

The given below shows the detailed html tags:

Mandatory Additional
Sl.no Element HTML Tag Property Value property Value
1 Text box Input Type Text Name/ID User defined

2 Password Box Input Type Password Name/ID User defined

3 Button Input Type submit/button Name/ID User defined
4 Checkbox Input Type Checkbox Name/ID User defined
5 Radio button Input Type Radio Name and ID User defined
6 Link A Href internal/external    
7 Image Img Src path of the image    
Single select
8 Combo Box Select     Name/ID User defined
Multi Select
9 Combo Box Select Multiple TRUE Name/ID User defined
10 Text area textarea     Name/ID User defined
11 File Browser Input Type File Name/ID User defined

2.2 JAVA:

2.2.1 Basic Java Program:

package demopack;

public class DemoHello {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
One o1=new One();

pg. 8
 o1.bangalore();
o1.chennai();
Two t1=new Two();
t1.pune();
t1.delhi();
}

}
class One{
public void bangalore() {
System.out.println("This is Bangalore");
}
public void chennai() {
System.out.println("This is Chennai");
}
}
class Two{
public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
public void delhi() {
System.out.println("This is Delhi");
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
This is Bangalore.
This is Chennai.
This is Pune.
This is Delhi.

2.2.2 Methods with Parameters:

package demopack;

public class DemoParams {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Three t2=new Three();
t2.add(10, 20);
t2.bangalore();
}

}
class Three{
public void add(int a, int b) {
int c=a+b;
System.out.println(c);
}
public void bangalore() {
System.out.println("This is Bangalore");
}
}

pg. 9
Output:

This is Beginning.

30

This is Bangalore.

2.2.3 Working with Static keyword:

package demopack;

public class DemoStatic {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Four.bangalore();
Four.chennai();
Four f1=new Four();
f1.pune();
}

}
class Four{
public static void bangalore() {
System.out.println("This is Bangalore");
}
public static void chennai() {
System.out.println("This is Chennai");
}
public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
This is Bangalore.
This is Chennai.
This is Pune.

2.2.4 Working with Return Keyword:

package demopack;

public class DemoReturn {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Five f1=new Five();
int e=f1.add(10, 20);
System.out.println(e);
int f=f1.add(20, 30);
System.out.println(f);
int g=f1.multiplication(10, 5);
System.out.println(g);

pg. 10
 f1.pune();

}
class Five{
public int add(int a, int b) {
int c=a+b;
return c;
}
public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
public int multiplication(int a, int b) {
int d=a*b;
return d;
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
30
50
50
This is Pune.

2.2.5 Working with Constructor:

Properties of Constructor:

1. Constructor name is same as class name.

2. Constructor will be called by default when an object is created.

3. Constructor will not have any return type.

package demopack;

public class DemoConstructor {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Six s1=new Six();
s1.pune();
}

}
class Six{
Six(){
System.out.println("This is Six");
}
public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
}

pg. 11
Output:

This is Beginning.
This is Six.
This is Pune.

2.2.6 Working with Overloading:

Method Overloading:

package demopack;

public class DemoOverload {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Seven s1=new Seven();
s1.add(10, 20);
s1.add(10, 20, 40);
s1.add(20, 8, "This is addition");
s1.pune();
}

}
class Seven{
public void add(int a, int b) {
int c=a+b;
System.out.println(c);
}
public void add(int a, int b, int c) {
int d=a+b+c;
System.out.println(d);
}
public void add(int a, int b, String message) {
int e=a+b;
System.out.println(message+e);
}
public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
30
70
This is addition50.
This is Pune.

2.2.7 Working with Static Overloading:

package demopack;

public class DemoStaticOverload {

public static void main(String[] args) {

pg. 12
 System.out.println("This is Beginning ");
Eight.add(10, 20);
Eight.add(10, 20, 30);
Eight.add(10, 20, "This is addition");
Eight e1=new Eight();
e1.bangalore();
}

}
class Eight{
public static void add(int a, int b) {
int c=a+b;
System.out.println(c);
}
public static void add(int a, int b, int c) {
int d=a+b+c;
System.out.println(d);
}
public static void add(int a, int b, String message) {
int e=a+b;
System.out.println(message+e);
}
public void bangalore() {
System.out.println("This is Bangalore");
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
30
60
This is addition30.
This is Bangalore.

2.2.8 Working with Constructor Overloading:

package demopack;

public class DemoConstructoroverload {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Nine n1=new Nine();
Nine n2=new Nine(10, 20);
Nine n3=new Nine(10, 20, 30);
n1.pune();

}
class Nine {
Nine(){
System.out.println("This is Nine");
}
Nine(int a, int b){
int c=a+b;
System.out.println(c);

pg. 13
 }
Nine(int a, int b, int c){
int d=a+b+c;
System.out.println(d);
}
public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
This is Nine.
30
60
This is Pune.

2.2.9 Working with Packages:

package demopack1;

import demopack2.*;

public class DemoSample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
One o1=new One();
o1.bangalore();
o1.chennai();
ClassTwo t1=new ClassTwo();
t1.mumbai();
t1.Tirupathi();
ClassThree c1=new ClassThree();
c1.delhi();
c1.pune();
Four f1=new Four();
f1.agra();

}
class One{
public void bangalore() {
System.out.println("This is Bangalore");
}
public void chennai() {
System.out.println("This is Chennai");
}
}

package demopack1;

public class ClassTwo {

public void mumbai() {
System.out.println("This is Mumbai");

pg. 14
 }
public void Tirupathi() {
System.out.println("This is Tirupati");
}
}
package demopack2;

public class ClassThree {

public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
public void delhi() {
System.out.println("This is Delhi");
}
}

package demopack2;

public class Four {

public void agra() {
System.out.println("This is Agra");
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
This is Bangalore.
This is Chennai.
This is Mumbai.
This is Tirupati.
This is Delhi.
This is Pune.
This is Agra.

2.2.10 Working with Inheritance:

Single Inheritance:

package demopack2;

public class SingleInheritance {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Five f1=new Five();
f1.bangalore();
f1.chennai();
f1.delhi();
f1.pune();
Six s1=new Six();
s1.delhi();
s1.pune();
}

}
class Five extends Six{

pg. 15
 public void bangalore() {
System.out.println("This is Bangalore");
}
public void chennai() {
System.out.println("This is Chennai");
}

}
class Six{
public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
public void delhi() {
System.out.println("This is Delhi");
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
This is Bangalore.
This is Chennai.
This is Delhi.
This is Pune.
This is Delhi.
This is Pune.

Multilevel Inheritance:

package demopack2;

public class MultiInheritance {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Seven s1=new Seven();
s1.bangalore();
s1.chennai();
s1.delhi();
s1.pune();
s1.agra();
s1.mumbai();
Eight e1=new Eight();
e1.delhi();
e1.pune();
e1.mumbai();
e1.agra();
Nine n1=new Nine();
n1.agra();
n1.mumbai();
}

}
class Seven extends Eight{
public void bangalore() {
System.out.println("This is Bangalore");
}
public void chennai() {

pg. 16
 System.out.println("This is Chennai");
}
}
class Eight extends Nine{
public void pune() {
System.out.println("This is Pune");
}
public void delhi() {
System.out.println("This is Delhi");
}
}
class Nine{
public void agra() {
System.out.println("This is Agra");
}
public void mumbai() {
System.out.println("This is Mumbai");
}
}

Output:

This is Beginning.
This is Bangalore.
This is Chennai.
This is Delhi.
This is Pune.
This is Agra.
This is Mumbai.
This is Delhi.
This is Pune.
This is Mumbai.
This is Agra.
This is Agra.
This is Mumbai.

2.2.11 Working with Reverse String:

package demopack2;

public class DemoReverse {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String actual="Selenium Training";

char arr[]=actual.toCharArray();
int si=actual.length();

for (int i =si-1; i>=0; i--) {

System.out.print(arr[i]);
}

pg. 17
Output:

gniniarT muineleS

2.2.12 Working with Interface:

Interface have only null bodies inside.

package demopack1;

public class DemoInterface {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("This is Beginning");
Itest i1=new Three();
i1.display();
}

}
interface Itest{
public void display();
}
class Three implements Itest {
public void display() {
System.out.println("This is Display");
}

Output

This is Beginning.
This is Display.

3. WEB DRIVER :

3.1 ELEMENT IDENTIFICATION IN SELENIUM:

8 Element Locators:

 Id
 Name
 Link Text
 X-Path
 Css Selector
 Class name
 Tag Name
 Partial Link Text

If any element has name or id property, we can use the value of id or name property to
identify the element. If the element is a link, we can use the link text to identify it. If the

pg. 18
element does not have id or name property and if it is not a link, then we need to write
either Css selector or X-path expression.

Elements are generally identified by its html tag, its properties and values. To identify an
element, we should be able to inspect the html source of the element. By default, each
browser provides an inspector tool.

3.2 ELEMENT IDENTIFICATION USING CSS SELECTORS:

Syntax: htmltag[attribute=’value’]

Ex: input[id=’uname’]

input[id=’rem’]

a[class=’myclass’]

select[id=’city’]

 a[class=’myclass’] if any element has class attribute then we can use the

Syntax: htmltag.classvalue

Ex: a.myclass

 input [id=’female’] if any element has id attribute then we can use the

Syntax: html#idvalue

Ex: input#female

3.3 ELEMENT IDENTIFICATION USING XPATH:

To identify elements in the web page, we can use X-path expression. There are two
categories of X-path. They are X-path-position and X-path attributes.

pg. 19
3.3.1 X-PATH POSITION (ABSOLUTE XPATH):

To identify an element by its position in html hierarchy we can use X-path position.

To identify the x-path open the application in the chrome browser right click on the target
element inspect element click on the tag name and press ctrl+f.

Example: For the above html page if we want to find out the X-path for username text box.
Then the X-path will be.

html/body/input [1]

X-path position is nothing but finding out the exact position of the element in the html page.
This is applicable for small web pages which are constant.

Absolute X-path can be used for small and static pages.

If the Html structure is

<html>

<Body>

<table>

<tbody>

<tr>

<td>

<input>

pg. 20
 </td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

</body>

</html>

The Absolute Xpath Would be

Html/body/table/tbody/tr/td/input

3.3.2 XPATH ATTRIBUTES (RELATIVE XPATH):

a) Using Attributes:

Identifying an element using its set of attributes and values is called X-path attributes.

The Syntax is

//html tag[@attribute=’value’]

Example 1:

Example 2:

//input[@type='text' and @name='uname']

Identification of:

Check box  //input[@type=’checkbox’]

Radio button  //input[@type=’radio’]

Link //a

Image img

Table//table

Image with link  //a/img

b) Using Text ():

pg. 21
Finding an element by its text using text()

Syntax:

//html tag[text()=’Value’]

Example: To find a link where text is google

//a[text()=’Google’]

//a[text()=’Big brother’]

Note: text() is an exact match function and it will not be able to match an element, if the text of the element
has spaces on either side.

c) Using Contains(text()):

Contains text is the pattern matching function which can be used to match an element with
any text in the pattern.

Syntax:

//html tag[contains(text(),’value’)

Example:

//a[contains(text(),’Google’)]

Note:

Text()  exact match

Contains  pattern match.

d) Using Contains(attribute):

To find a link with its part of attribute value we use contains attribute.

Syntax:

//html tag[contains(@attribute,’value’)]

Example:

//input[contains(@id,’fema’)]

Finding the parent and child element of html tags

To find the child elements of html tag we can use the syntax

//parent html tag/ child html tag

Example:

//a/img  output is img which is child of link.

pg. 22
 To find the parent of a child we can use the syntax

//parent html tag [Child html tag]

Example:

//a[img]  output is a

3.3.3 XPATH FOR DYNAMIC ELEMENTS:

To identify dynamic elements using X-path we can take the help of dependent and
independent concepts.

Following are the steps to find dynamic elements:

1) Identify dependent and independent elements:

Independent elements generally will be unique elements based on which all the action are
performed.

Note: Dependent element is the target element and independent is the element on which
your target element is dependent.

Example: a) Name of the mobile is independent while the price is dependent

b) Title of the book is independent, and author of the book is dependent

2) Identifying X-path for independent element:

Note: Right click on the independent element inspect element and identifying the X-path for
independent element.

Ex: //a[text()=’Bing’]

3) Identifying the immediate common parent:

Note: The concept used here will be moving from child note to parent note.

Syntax: (/..)

Ex: //a[text()=’Bing’]/../..

4)From the common parent move to the target element:

Note: The concept used here will be moving from parent tag to child tag.

Syntax: (/)

Ex: //a[text()=’Bing’]/../../td[3]/input

//div[text()=’Android Calibrations’]/../../../../../td[1]/div/div

pg. 23
//a[contains(text(),’Dynamo’)]/../../../../div[2]/div/div[2]

X-path:

//a[contains(text(),’Dynamo’)]/../../../..//div[text()=’Remove’]

//div[text=’Android Calibrations’]/../../../..//div[@class=’img’]

//a[text()=’Bing’]/../..//input[@type=’checkbox’]

How to identify last element in a Webtable:

1. By using Last();

Ex: (//input[@type=’checkbox’])[last()]
2. By using Count();

Ex: (//input[@type=’checkbox’])[count(//input[@type=’checkbox’])]
3. Following – Siblings:

Ex: //a[text()=’Bing’]/../../following-sibling::tr[1]//input
4. Preceding – Sibling:

Ex: //a[text()=’Bing’]/../../ preceding -sibling::tr//input

To identify all elements in X-path:

 Checkboxes: //input[@type=’checkbox’]
 Textboxes: //input[@type=’text’]
 Radio buttons: //input[@type=’radio’]
 Links: //a
 Images: //Img
 Select drop down: //select.
 Multi Select drop down: //select[@multiple=’true’]

To identify all elements in Css Selector:

 Checkboxes: input[@type=’checkbox’]
 Textboxes: input[@type=’text’]
 Radio buttons: input[@type=’radio’]
 Images: Img
 Select drop down: select.

pg. 24
4. SELENIUM WEB DRIVER - INSTALLATION AND BASICS:

Web driver is an automation tool which can be used to automate web applications.

Installation of web driver:

1.Create a Java Project in eclipse.

2.Convert the Java project into a web driver project.

3.To convert the java project into a web driver project download the selenium standalone
server and configure the selenium standalone server to the java project.

4.To download go to www.seleniumhq.org  Download Previous releases Here 2.53 

selenium-server-standalone-2.53.1.jar

5.Copy the selenium standalone server from the downloads folder and paste it into the
project folder.

6.To configure right click on the java project  Build path  Configure build path  Libraries
tab  Add external jars  select the selenium standalone server jar  Apply and close.

To open the browser, we can use the code.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

To import:

1.Click on the error icon and select the import statements.

2.Control + Shift + O

3.While typing program get it from the help menu. Use control + space.

pg. 25
Note: Stop the update of Firefox browser.

How to stop the update of Firefox browser?

In Firefox browser go to tools  Options  Advanced  Update tab  Never check for updates
(not recommended: security risk).

To download 46.0 version of firefox go to https://krninformatrix.com/download.php

The browser opened by the webdriver is a light weighted browser and it does not hold any
history and add-ons.

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class Demo {

public static void main (String[] args) {

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

pg. 26
To launch application the code is

package Basics;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class Demo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// to open the browser

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

// to launch an application and open the URL

driver.get("http://www.gmail.com");

// to quit the browser

driver.quit();

To identify the element webdriver provide a method called findelement() which takes an
argument of By class which has eight element locators.

To perform a type of action:

WebElement un=driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

un.sendKeys("admin");

OR

driver.find element (by name (“username”).sendkeys(“admin”);

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");

driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.id("loginButton")).click();

Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.id("logoutLink")).click();

pg. 27
How to Clear Textbox in Selenium:

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");

driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("prathap");
Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.id("username")).clear();
Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.id("loginButton")).click();

4.1 CHECKPOINTS IN SELENIUM:

Every single point under the expected column in manual test case should be present as a
checkpoint in the automation test script. Selenium recommends 4 different checkpoints.

1) Title

2) Text

3) URL

4) Element

1.Title checkpoints:

Comparing the expected title with the actual title from the application. To get the actual
title we can use driver.getTitle().

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("http://demo.actitime.com");

String expectedTitle="actiTIME - Login";

String actualTitle=driver.getTitle();

//System.out.println(expectedTitle);

if (actualTitle.equals(expectedTitle)) {

System.out.println("Pass");

}else{

System.out.println("fail");

Output:

pg. 28
Pass

2) Text checkpoint:

Text checkpoint can be used to compare any text on the application page.

Text will generally be inside an html tag (span, td, div, p, b). To get the text we have to find
the element and use the method getText();

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("http://demo.actitime.com");

driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");

driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys("manager");

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Login")).click();

Thread.sleep(10000);

String expectedText=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td[text()='Enter Time-Track']")).getText();

//System.out.println(expectedText);

String actualText="Enter Time-Track";

if (expectedText.equals(actualText)) {

System.out.println("Pass");

}else{

System.out.println("fail");

Output:

Pass

3. URL:

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");

driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.id("loginButton")).click();

Thread.sleep(3000);

String expectedURL="https://demo.actitime.com/user/submit_tt.do";
String actualURL=driver.getCurrentUrl();

if (actualURL.equals(expectedURL)) {
System.out.println("Pass");

pg. 29
 } else {
System.out.println("Fail");
}

Output:

Pass

4. Element Check points:

How do you know whether a checkbox is selected or not?

We can use the driverfindElement() to find the checkbox and use the method isselected()
which will return a Boolean, if true checkbox is selected and false if checkbox is unselected.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");

boolean chkboxStatus=driver.findElement(By.id("rem")).isSelected();
System.out.println(chkboxStatus);

driver.findElement(By.id("rem")).click();

boolean chkboxStatus1=driver.findElement(By.id("rem")).isSelected();
System.out.println(chkboxStatus1);

driver.findElement(By.id("rem")).click();

boolean chkboxStatus2=driver.findElement(By.id("rem")).isSelected();
System.out.println(chkboxStatus2);
}

Output:

false

true

false

How do you know whether a radio button is selected or not?

We can use the driverfind() element to find the radio button and use the method
isselected() which will return a Boolean, if true radio button is selected and false if radio
button is unselected.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");

boolean radioStatus=driver.findElement(By.id("male")).isSelected();
System.out.println(radioStatus);

driver.findElement(By.id("male")).click();

pg. 30
 boolean radioStatus1=driver.findElement(By.id("male")).isSelected();
System.out.println(radioStatus1);

driver.findElement(By.id("male")).click();
boolean radioStatus2=driver.findElement(By.id("male")).isSelected();
System.out.println(radioStatus2);
}
Output:

false

true

true

How do you verify whether logo is displayed or not?

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");

boolean logoStatus=driver.findElement
(By.xpath("//div[@class='atLogoImg']")).isDisplayed();

System.out.println(logoStatus);
}

Output:

True

If Statement:

public static void main(String[] args) {

String actual="ABCD";
String expected="ABCD";
boolean status=actual.equals(expected);

if (status) {
System.out.println("Pass");
} else {
System.out.println("Fail");
}
}
}
Output:

Pass

pg. 31
4.2 WORKING WITH DIFFERENT BROWSERS:

1. Working with IE:

Requirements:

Driver executable which can be downloaded from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.

Depending on the operating system (32 bit or 64 bit) Download the respective browser
driver i.e., IEDriverServer.exe

IE Settings:

The following settings must be done to IE.

1) Tools  Internet options  Security Tab make sure all the four zones i.e., internet,
local intranet, trusted sites and restricted sites have enabled protected mode check box.

2) Make sure browser zoom level is set to 100%. Press ctrl+0 to set Zoom level to 100%.

In selenium script write the following code.

System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "D:\\Seleniumprogs\\workspace\\Batch10web\\
IEDriverServer.exe");

WebDriver driver=new InternetExplorerDriver();

2.Working with Chrome Browser:

Requirements:

Driver executable which can be downloaded from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.

Go to section – Third party browser driver, click on download page against chrome.
Download chromedriver.exe. In eclipse write the following code.

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\Seleniumprogs\\workspace\\
Batch10web\\chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

4.3 CONCEPT OF SYNCHRONIZATION IN WEBDRIVER:

Synchronization refers to matching the speed of script execution with the speed of
application. In web driver we can use implicitlyWait() to achieve the synchronization

How does it work?

Every driver.findElement() checks if implicitlyWait() is defined. If it is defined web driver will

wait for the element to be found till the duration specified in implicitlyWait() and if the

pg. 32
element is found within the duration, it will try to perform the action and if the element is
not found within the duration it will throw an exception NoSuchElementException.

ImplicitlyWait() its defined once for the automation.

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Implicit, Explicit, & Fluent Wait in Selenium WebDriver:

In selenium "Waits" play an important role in executing tests. In this tutorial, you will
learn various aspects of both "Implicit" and "Explicit" waits in Selenium.

Why Do We Need Waits in Selenium?

Most of the web applications are developed using Ajax and Javascript. When a page is
loaded by the browser the elements which we want to interact with may load at different
time intervals.

Not only it makes this difficult to identify the element but also if the element is not located
it will throw an "ElementNotVisibleException" exception. Using Waits, we can resolve this
problem.

Let's consider a scenario where we have to use both implicit and explicit waits in our test.
Assume that implicit wait time is set to 20 seconds and explicit wait time is set to 10
seconds.

Suppose we are trying to find an element which has some "ExpectedConditions "(Explicit
Wait), If the element is not located within the time frame defined by the Explicit wait(10
Seconds), It will use the time frame defined by implicit wait(20 seconds) before throwing an
"ElementNotVisibleException".

Selenium Web Driver Waits

1. Implicit Wait

2. Explicit Wait

Implicit Wait:

Selenium Web Driver has borrowed the idea of implicit waits from Watir.

The implicit wait will tell the web driver to wait for certain amount of time before it throws
a "No Such Element Exception". The default setting is 0. Once we set the time, web driver
will wait for that time before throwing an exception.

Explicit Wait:

pg. 33
The explicit wait is used to tell the Web Driver to wait for certain conditions (Expected
Conditions) or the maximum time exceeded before throwing an
"ElementNotVisibleException" exception.

The explicit wait is an intelligent kind of wait, but it can be applied only for specified
elements. Explicit wait gives better options than that of an implicit wait as it will wait for
dynamically loaded Ajax elements.

Once we declare explicit wait we have to use "ExpectedCondtions" or we can configure how
frequently we want to check the condition using Fluent Wait. These days while
implementing we are using Thread.Sleep() generally it is not recommended to use.

Fluent Wait:

The fluent wait is used to tell the web driver to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency
with which we want to check the condition before throwing an
"ElementNotVisibleException" exception.

Frequency: Setting up a repeat cycle with the time frame to verify/check the condition at
the regular interval of time

Let's consider a scenario where an element is loaded at different intervals of time. The
element might load within 10 seconds, 20 seconds or even more then that if we declare an
explicit wait of 20 seconds. It will wait till the specified time before throwing an exception.
In such scenarios, the fluent wait is the ideal wait to use as this will try to find the element
at different frequency until it finds it or the final timer runs out.

pg. 34
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.id("loginButton")).click();

//Thread.sleep(10000);

WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("logoutLink")));

driver.findElement(By.id("logoutLink")).click();

driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.id("loginButton")).click();

Wait<WebDriver>WaitFluent=new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver)
.withTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.pollingEvery(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.ignoring((NoSuchElementException.class));

WaitFluent.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("logoutLink")
));

driver.findElement(By.id("logoutLink")).click();

pg. 35
4.4 WORKING WITH SELECT DROP DOWNS:

To work with select html tag elements (single select combo box or multi select list box). We
need to use select class.

On a select html tag element we can do the following.

1. Select an option or select multiple options.

2. Deselect options from multi select list box.

3. Get all available option.

4. Get all selected option from list box.

1. To select an option from single, select combo box or to select multiple options from
list box select class provides 3 different methods.

1. selectByindex()

2. selectByValue()

3. selectByVisibleText()

1) Select by index takes an integer argument which is zero based index of the option to
be selected. By default, each option tag will have an index starting from zero.

2) Select by value takes a string argument which is value of the attributes of the option
tag.

3) Select by visible text takes a string argument which is text of option tag to select.

In multi select list box the same method will be used however, if we write select methods
multiple times in the code, it will select multiple options from the list box.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");

//find the city drop down using driver.findElement

WebElement singleSelect=driver.findElement(By.id("city"));

//pass the WebElement city as an argument to the constructor of the Select class

Select dd=new Select(singleSelect);

//Using the object of select class, select option

dd.selectByIndex(2);

Thread.sleep(5000);

pg. 36
dd.selectByValue("4");

Thread.sleep(5000);

dd.selectByVisibleText("Chennai");

Multi select:

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");

WebElement multiSelect=driver.findElement(By.id("cities"));

Select dd=new Select(multiSelect);

dd.selectByIndex(2);

Thread.sleep(5000);

dd.selectByValue("4");

Thread.sleep(5000);

dd.selectByVisibleText("Chennai");

2. Deselecting options from multi select list box:

To deselect all of the options we can use deSelectAll().

To deselect individual options, we can use

deselectByIndex(),

deselectByValue() or

deselectByVisibleText().

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();

driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");

WebElement multiSelect=driver.findElement(By.id("cities"));

Select dd=new Select(multiSelect);

dd.selectByIndex(3);

Thread.sleep(3000);

dd.selectByValue("3");

Thread.sleep(3000);

dd.selectByVisibleText("Chennai");

pg. 37
 Thread.sleep(3000);

/*dd.deselectByIndex(3);

Thread.sleep(3000);

dd.deselectByValue("3");

Thread.sleep(3000);

dd.deselectByVisibleText("Chennai");*/

dd.deselectAll();

3. To get all available options select class provides a method getOptions() which returns
a collection of all the options in the select dropdown. This collection is represented as a list
of webElement. Using a for loop we can iterate the list, get each element from the
List<WebElement> print the text of each element (Text of the option tag or visible text).

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");

//find the city drop down using driver.findElement

WebElement singleSelect=driver.findElement(By.id("city"));

//pass the WebElement city as an argument to the constructor of the Select class

Select dd=new Select(singleSelect);

//Using the object of select class, select option

dd.selectByIndex(2);

Thread.sleep(5000);

dd.selectByValue("4");

Thread.sleep(5000);

dd.selectByVisibleText("Chennai");

//to know all options in a select drop down

List<WebElement> allOptions=dd.getOptions();

int k=allOptions.size();

System.out.println(k);

for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {

// to get each element from list

WebElement option=allOptions.get(i);

pg. 38
 String text=option.getText();

// Print the text of each element4

System.out.println(text);

4. To get all the selected options from a multi select list box, we can use the method
getAllSelectedOptions() which returns a list of web element (Collection of all the select
options). We can use a for loop and get each selected option and print the text of each
element.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");

WebElement multiSelect=driver.findElement(By.id("cities"));

Select dd=new Select(multiSelect);

dd.selectByIndex(2);

Thread.sleep(5000);

dd.selectByValue("4");

Thread.sleep(5000);

dd.selectByVisibleText("Chennai");

Thread.sleep(5000);

//dd.deselectAll();

List<WebElement> allOptions=dd.getAllSelectedOptions();

int k=allOptions.size();

System.out.println(k);

for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {

WebElement option=allOptions.get(i);

String text=option.getText();

System.out.println(text);

4.5 WORKING WITH MULTIPLE ELEMENTS:

pg. 39
Web driver provides a method findelements() which can be used to find multiple elements
based on the element locater.

Eg: To find all links in a page.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/");

List<WebElement> allLinks=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a"));

int si=allLinks.size();

System.out.println(k);

for (int i = 0; i < si; i++) {

WebElement link=allLinks.get(i);

String text=link.getText();

System.out.println(text);

Find number of check boxes in a page and check all check boxes.

To find number of checkboxes in a page we can use driver.findelements() and the elements
locater either xpath or css selection

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung-phones-9.php");

List<WebElement> allCheck=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@type='Checkbox']"));

int l=allCheck.size();

System.out.println(l);

To check all checkboxes, we can use loop through the list of using for loop. Get each
element from the list using get () which will return a web element and use click() to check
the checkbox.

for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {

WebElement check=allCheck.get(i);

check.click();

4.6 WORKING WITH BROWSER ACTIONS:

// Maximize the browser

pg. 40
 driver.manage().window().maximize();
//driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/");
// alternate to driver.get()
driver.navigate().to("https://krninformatix.com/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='About us']")).click();
//simulate browser back button action
driver.navigate().back();
Thread.sleep(5000);
//simulate browser forward button action
driver.navigate().forward();
Thread.sleep(5000);
//simulate browser refresh button action
driver.navigate().refresh();
driver.close();

4.7 TO FIND THE VALUE ATRIBUTE OF AN ELEMENT:

We can use driver.findElement() to find element and use the method getAttribute() and
pass the attribute name as an argument which will return the value of the attribute.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

String allValue=driver.findElement
(By.xpath("//a[text()='Google']")).getAttribute("href");
System.out.println(allValue);

Output:

https://www.google.com/

4.8 POP-UPS:

There are totally 7 kinds of pop ups.

1. Tool tip - Moving the mouse over the image.

- Clicking on the image link?

2. Calendars pop up.

3. Java Script alert, confirmation and prompt pop up.

4. Page on load authentication pop up.

5. File upload

pg. 41
6. File download.

7. New browsers/New tab/New Window/Light box/Model window.

1. HOW TO HANDLE TOOL TIPS:

Tool tips are two types.

1) Generated using title attribute

2) Has a pop up in the html (division pop-up)

If the tool tips coming from the title attribute, we can find the element and use
getAttribute() to get tool tip text.

If the tool tips coming from div pop up we can find div using driver.findElement() and use
getText() to get text from the division

1) Generated using title attribute:

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.gsmarena.com/samsung-phones-9.php");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

String toolTip=driver.findElement
(By.xpath("//img[contains(@src,'a32')]")).getAttribute("title");
System.out.println(toolTip);

Output:

Samsung Galaxy A32 Android smartphone. Announced Feb 2021. Features 6.4? display,
Helio G80 chipset, 5000 mAh battery, 128 GB storage, 8 GB RAM, Corning Gorilla
Glass 5.

2) Has a pop up in the html (division pop-up):

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.flipkart.com/samsung-galaxy-f41-fusion-
black-64-gb/p/itmde5e6cd41fc4d?
pid=MOBFV5PWGEVNPWS2&lid=LSTMOBFV5PWGEVNPWS2VG4KHD&marketplace=FLIPKART&srno=b_1_1
&otracker=clp_banner_2_12.bannerX3.BANNER_mobile-phones-store_Z4SSAY79E8JF&fm=neo
%2Fmerchandising&iid=8c74ea46-4390-4243-9822-
02e8406027d2.MOBFV5PWGEVNPWS2.SEARCH&ppt=clp&ppn=mobile-phones-
store&ssid=ektrlrrxkg0000001614830149417");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

//Thread.sleep(20000);

JavascriptExecutor jse=(JavascriptExecutor)driver;
jse.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,250)", "");

pg. 42
 driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//span[@class='question'])[1]")).click();

String text=driver.findElement
(By.xpath("//div[@class='_2JH8X1']")).getText();
System.out.println(text);

Output:

Shipping Charges For Non Flipkart Assured Items

Shipping charges are calculated based on the number of units, distance and delivery date.

For Plus as well as Non-Plus customers, Seller will decide shipping charges for all non-FAssured items.

Shipping Charges For Flipkart Assured Items

Shipping charges are calculated based on the number of units, distance and delivery date.

For Plus customers, shipping charges are free.

For non-Plus customers, if the total value of FAssured items is more than Rs.500, shipping charges are free. If
the total value of FAssured items is less than Rs.500, shipping charges = Rs.40 per unit

* For faster delivery, shipping charges will be applicable.

2. CALENDAR POP-UPS:

There are generally two kinds of calendar fields.

a. Which allows you to type the date.

b. Which allows you to select the date from the calendar pop up.

If the calendar allows to type the date use driver.findElement() and sendKeys().

If it is a pop up then click on the calendar icon to make the calendar icon visible. Use an
Xpath to find the date and click on it.

Note: Calendar pop up will generally be in a table structure. Web driver cannot identify the
hidden elements.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.redbus.in/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[contains(@class,'fl icon-
calendar')]")).click();
Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td[text()='20']")).click();

3) JAVA SCRIPT ALERT, CONFIRMATION AND PROMPT POP-UP:

pg. 43
Alert – has only one button i.e., ok

Confirmation - has more than one button i.e., ok and cancel.

Prompt – has ok, cancel and text box.

Java script alert or confirmation cannot be handled by driver.findElement() as it does not

have any html structure. Java script alert is generated from alert () of java script and has one
button ‘ok’ and is used to provide the user some information.

Confirmation pop-up is generated from confirm () method of javascript and has two buttons,
ok and cancel and based on the input’s execution happens.

To handle javascript alert or confirmation pop-up, we need to first switch to the pop-up
using driver.switchTo().alert() which will return on object of alert. Using this object, we can

1)click on ok using accept ()

2)click on cancel using dismiss ()

3)get the text on the pop-up using get text.

4) type the text on the pop up using sendkeys()

3.1 Alert Pop-up:

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-
demo.html");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//button[text()='Click me!'])
[1]")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//button[text()='Click me!'])
[1]")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
String altText=driver.switchTo().alert().getText();
System.out.println(altText);
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();

Output:

pg. 44
I am an alert box!

3.2 Confirmation Pop-up:

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-
demo.html");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//button[text()='Click me!'])
[2]")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
Alert alt=driver.switchTo().alert();
alt.dismiss();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//button[text()='Click me!'])
[2]")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
String confirmText=alt.getText();
System.out.println(confirmText);
Thread.sleep(2000);
alt.accept();

Output:

Press a button!

3.3 Prompt Pop-up:

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-
demo.html");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='Click for Prompt

Box']")).click();
Thread.sleep(3000);
Alert alt=driver.switchTo().alert();
alt.dismiss();
Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='Click for Prompt
Box']")).click();
alt.sendKeys("ABCD");
Thread.sleep(3000);
alt.accept();

4. PAGE ONLOAD POP-UP:

Handling page on load authentication pop-up.

By default, selenium cannot handle page on load authentication pop-up. To overcome the
problem, we can pass the username and password in the URL with the following syntax.

http://username:password@ipaddress/domainname

pg. 45
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://admin:[email protected]");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

5. FILE UPLOAD POP UP:

How do you do file upload in web driver?

We can use driver.findElement() to find the element and use sendKeys() and pass the full
path of the file as an argument to the sendkeys.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/sample.html");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.id("brow")).sendKeys("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\
Automation\\home.jpg");

6. FILE DOWNLOAD POP-UP IN FIREFOX:

To save a file to disk automatically without the pop-up, we can take help of Firefox
preferences by using Firefox profile.

Case 1:

To save the file to the downloads folder, we can use the preference
browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk and provide the file MIME type as a value for the
preference i.e., application/zip. If there are multiple files types to be download, we can
provide (,) separated list of MIME types of all the files.

FirefoxProfile prof=new FirefoxProfile();

prof.setPreference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk", "application/zip");

Case 2:

If the file has to be downloaded to desktop along with

browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk preference we need to provide another
preference which is browser.download.folderList with an integer value 0.

By default the value for browser.download.folderList will be 1 which represents download

folder.

FirefoxProfile prof=new FirefoxProfile();

prof.setPreference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk", "application/zip");

prof.setPreference("browser.download.folderList", 0);

pg. 46
Case 3:

Save file to custom folder path.

To download a file to custom folder path we need to set the preference

browser.download.folderList with integer value 2 and we also need to set the preference
browser.download.dir with the value which is custom folder path.

FirefoxProfile prof=new FirefoxProfile();

prof.setPreference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk", "application/zip");

prof.setPreference("browser.download.folderList", 2);

prof.setPreference("browser.download.dir","D:\\Docs");

Note: Don’t forget to set the preference in Firefox class which is done in common for each
case.

Preference name can be taken from about:config of Mozilla firefox browser

MIME type can be taken from google or https://www.sitepoint.com/mime-types-complete-

list/

FirefoxProfile prof=new FirefoxProfile();

prof.setPreference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk",
"application/zip");
//Desktop
//prof.setPreference("browser.download.folderList", 0);
//Custom Folder
prof.setPreference("browser.download.folderList", 2);
prof.setPreference("browser.download.dir", "C:\\Users\\gaden\\
Desktop\\Softwares");

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver(prof);

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/download.php");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//a[text()='Download'])[2]")).click();

7. NEW BROWSERS/NEW TAB/NEW WINDOW/LIGHT BOX/MODEL WINDOW:

Problem:

By default, webdriver does not understand the elements in the browser pop ups. The
control of the webdriver will be in the parent window and when we say
driver.findElement(), it tries to find the element in the parent window(). Webdriver does not
transfer the control to the new browser automatically.

Solution:

pg. 47
We have to transfer the control to the browser pop up using driver.switchTo().window().
Window () accepts a string argument which is the window handle of the browser to switch
to. We can get the window handles of all the browsers that was opened during that
execution by using the method driver.getWindowHandles(). getWindowHandles() returns a
Set<String> which contains all the window handles. We can use an iterator and get each
window handle by using the next ().

The first time next () is used it gets first element in the set, the second time the next method
is used it gets second element in the set and so on. We can store this window handle in the
String reference and pass it as an argument to driver.switchTo().window().

After performing action on the browser pop up, if we want to close the popup, we can use
driver.close(). This method will close the current browser where control is present. If the
browser is closed control does not transfer to the parent browser automatically. We have to
use driver.switchTo().window() to transfer the control.

When we click on the link which opens in a new tab, webdriver will open it in a new
window.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.air.irctc.co.in/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Tour Packages']")).click();

Set<String> allWindows=driver.getWindowHandles();
Iterator<String> it=allWindows.iterator();
String irctc=it.next();
String tourPackages=it.next();

//System.out.println(irctc);
//System.out.println(tourPackages);

driver.switchTo().window(tourPackages);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Login']")).click();
driver.close();
driver.switchTo().window(irctc);
driver.findElement(By.id("stationFrom")).sendKeys("Bengaluru");

4.9 ACTIONS CLASS (OR) WORKING WITH MENU DROPDOWNS (OR) MOUSE AND KEYBOARD
ACTIONS:

If we want to click on a sub-menu item which will be visible when we move the mouse on to
parent menu, we can use Actions class. Actions class provides methods to perform mouse
and keyboard related actions.

Sub-menu items or link will not be visible until we move the mouse on parent menu item or
link. If the element is not visible, web driver cannot perform the action. Hence, we need to

pg. 48
stimulate moving to parent menu item so that drop down with sub-menu links is visible and
web driver can find the sub menu items.

We can use moveToElement() and pass parent menu as an argument which will stimulate
the drop down menu.

How do you perform right click using web driver?

The right click menu is called context menu. We can use the Actions class ContextClick() to
perform right click.

How to perform key board action?

We can use sendKeys() of Actions class to send any key. We can also use sendkeys() for Web
Element to send any key. Keys enumerator provides all the keys of the key board and can be
used to sendKeys() like tab, control, alt, shift, etc...

To Press the combination of the keys we need to use build ().

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

WebElement coursesOffered=driver.findElement
(By.xpath("//span[text()='Courses Offered']"));

Actions act=new Actions(driver);

act.moveToElement(coursesOffered).perform();
Thread.sleep(3000);
act.contextClick(coursesOffered).perform();
Thread.sleep(3000);
act.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).perform();
Thread.sleep(3000);
act.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER).perform();

//act.sendKeys("T").perform();
//Combinations of keys/morethan one keys
//act.sendKeys(Keys.ALT).build();
//act.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL).build();
//act.sendKeys(Keys.DELETE).perform();

4.10 DRAG & DROP:

We can use the dragAndDrop() of Action class which takes two arguments source and
target.

Identifying Source:

pg. 49
When we move the mouse type to the element if the curser type changes to move that part
can be used to drag. The part which can be dragged will generally have a class property with
the value drag or class name will have the drag.
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("http://www.dhtmlgoodies.com/submitted-scripts/i-google-like-
drag-drop/index.html");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

WebElement source=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='block-1']/h1"));
WebElement target=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='block-3']"));

Actions act=new Actions(driver);

act.dragAndDrop(source, target).perform();

4.11 SCROLLING A PAGE IN SELENIUM:

We can use java script to scroll down the page in selenium. The java script to scroll down
the page in selenium is window.scrollby(0,250). To execute the java script inside the java
program we can take help of executeScript() which is available in JavaScriptExecutor
interface.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

JavascriptExecutor jse=(JavascriptExecutor)driver;
jse.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,800)", "");

//Reverse Order
Thread.sleep(5000);
jse.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,-250)", "");

4.12 TAKING SCREENSHOT IN SELENIUM:

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

File src=
((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(src, new File("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\Automation\\
Error.png"));

4.13 HANDLING IFRAMES IN WEB DRIVER:

Problem:

Web driver cannot understand the element present inside an iframe by default. It
cannot search for any element which is present in the iframe DOM.

pg. 50
Solution:

Transfer the control of web driver to the DOM of the iframe using
driver.switchTo.frame(). Frame() is an overloaded method with

frame(int arg)

frame(String arg)

frame(WebElement arg)

1) Frame (int arg)

If the page has one or two iframes we can use this method by-passing zero-based index of
the frame.

Eg.

driver.switchTo().frame(0);

driver.switchTo().frame(1);

2) Frame (String arg)

If an iframe has id or name property we can use the value of the id or the name property to
find the iframe.

Eg.

driver.switchTo().frame(“secondframe”);

3) Frame (WebElement arg)

If we have multiple iframes on the page the frames do not have ID or name property, we
can use the Web Element arg and find the iframe.

Eg.

WebElement frm=driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//frame[@src=’third.html’]”));

driver.switchTo().frame(frm);

After performing the action on an element inside iframe. If we want to come out of
the iframe, we can use

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

If we want to switch to the parent frame, then we must use,

Driver.switchTo().parentFrame();

pg. 51
How to identify the element inside a frame?

Right click on the element in Firefox in the context menu, if it shows This
frame which means the element is inside the frame.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://krninformatix.com/frames/frames.html");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.switchTo().frame(1);
driver.findElement(By.name("name1")).sendKeys("Lakshmi");

//driver.switchTo().frame("secondframe");
//driver.findElement(By.name("rep")).click();

//driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
driver.switchTo().parentFrame();

WebElement
frm=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//frame[@src='third.html']"));
driver.switchTo().frame(frm);
driver.findElement(By.name("check")).click();

4.14 WORKING WITH EXCEL DATA AND DATA DRIVEN FRAMEWORK:

Excel Library:

Requirements:

Apache poi

We can download apache poi from poi.apachi.org/download.html

Go to the binary distribution section  click on the link poi-bin-3.9.20122013.zip which will
navigate to a page with the links called download. Click on the first link to download apache
poi.

GETTING DATA FROM AN EXCEL CELL:

1. Get the excel file as an input.

2. Convert the excel file to a workbook (Get the workbook object or create the
workbook object) from the Excel file.

3. Go to a particular sheet of the Excel (Get the sheet object from the workbook).

4. Go to a particular row in the sheet (Get the row object from the sheet).

5. Go to a particular cell in the row (Get the cell object from the row).

6. Get the data from the cell depending on the type of data.

pg. 52
The jar files required to work with Excel is

poi-3.9-20121203.jar (Latest Version)

poi-ooxml-3.9-20121203.jar

poi-ooxml-schemas-3.9-20121203.jar

Under the folder ooxml-lib

dom4j-1.6.1.jar

xmlbeans-2.3.0.jar

Under the folder auxiliary

Program-1:

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.poi.EncryptedDocumentException;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory;

public class ExcelLibrary {

public String getExcelData(String sheetname, int rowNum, int cellNum) {

String retVal=null;
try {
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\gaden\\
Desktop\\Automation\\Data.xlsx");
Workbook wb=WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
Sheet s=wb.getSheet(sheetname);
Row r=s.getRow(rowNum);
Cell c=r.getCell(cellNum);
retVal=c.getStringCellValue();

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (EncryptedDocumentException e) {

pg. 53
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return retVal ;
}
public int getLastRowNumber(String sheetname) {
int retVal=0;
try {
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\gaden\\
Desktop\\Automation\\Data.xlsx");
Workbook wb=WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
Sheet s=wb.getSheet(sheetname);
retVal=s.getLastRowNum();

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (EncryptedDocumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return retVal ;
}
}
Program-2:

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class LoginLogout {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

ExcelLibrary xlib=new ExcelLibrary();

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

int lastRow=xlib.getLastRowNumber("Sheet1");

for (int i = 1; i <=lastRow; i++) {

String un=xlib.getExcelData("Sheet1", i, 0);
String pw=xlib.getExcelData("Sheet1", i, 1);
driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys(un);
driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys(pw);
driver.findElement(By.id("loginButton")).click();

pg. 54
 Thread.sleep(10000);
driver.findElement(By.id("logoutLink")).click();
Thread.sleep(10000);
}

4.15 TESTNG(TESTNEXTGENERATION:

TestNG (test next generation) is created by Cedric Beust and is a testing framework which
can be used for white box testing and black box testing. TestNG provides features like
multiple test execution, assertions, results and execution control. These features are
essential part of automation and we can use testNG with selenium to achieve robust
automation.

Installation of TestNG:

Open Eclipse  Goto Help  Eclipse Market Place  Search for testNG. click on Install, Next,
Next and install now. Half through the installation you will get a pop up which says content
is unsigned do you wish to continue. Click on OK and restart eclipse.

Every testNG class should have @test annotation which will ensure the class can be
executed. There can be multiple methods in a testNG class, but each test method should
have @test annotation. By default, all the test methods of testNG class will get executed in
alphabetical order.

public class Customer {

@Test
public void createCustomer() {
System.out.println("Create Customer");
}
@Test
public void editCustomer() {
System.out.println("Edit Customer");
}
@Test
public void deleteCustomer() {
System.out.println("Delete Customer");
}
}

Output:

Create Customer
Delete Customer
Edit Customer
If there are either pre-condition or post condition for the test, we can code them in different
methods with @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod annotation. If there are multiple test
methods @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod will get execute for each test in that class.

pg. 55
If there are pre and post condition for entire class, we can put them under two different
methods with @BeforeClass and @AfterClass class annotation.

import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class Customers {

@BeforeClass
public void openBrowser() {
System.out.println("Open Browser");
}
@BeforeMethod
public void login() {
System.out.println("Login");
}
@Test
public void createCustomer() {
System.out.println("Create Customer");
}
@Test
public void editCustomer() {
System.out.println("Edit Customer");
}
@Test
public void deleteCustomer() {
System.out.println("Delete Customer");
}
@AfterClass
public void closeBrowser() {
System.out.println("Close Browser");
}
@AfterMethod
public void logout() {
System.out.println("Logout");
}

Output:

Open Browser
Login
Create Customer
Logout
Login
Delete Customer
Logout
Login
Edit Customer
Logout
Close Browser

A. SEQUENCING ORDER OF EXECUTION OF TEST METHODS.

pg. 56
1) Using Priority:

@Test annotation can be given priority and whichever the annotation has the least priority
will get executed first. Execution will follow ascending order of priority.

public class CustomersP {

@Test(priority=0)
public void createCustomer() {
System.out.println("Create Customer");
}
@Test(priority=1)
public void editCustomer() {
System.out.println("Edit Customer");
}
@Test(priority=6)
public void modifyCustomer() {
System.out.println("Modify Customer");
}
@Test(priority=9)
public void deleteCustomer() {
System.out.println("Delete Customer");
}
}

Output:

Create Customer
Edit Customer
Modify Customer
Delete Customer

2) Ignoring a test method in testNG:

We can use enabled=false to ignore a test method in testNG.

@Test(enabled=false)
public void testEditCustomer() {
System.out.println("Executing Edit customer");
}
public class Customerfalse {
@Test(priority=0)
public void createCustomer() {
System.out.println("Create Customer");
}
@Test(priority=1)
public void editCustomer() {
System.out.println("Edit Customer");
}
@Test(enabled=false)
public void modifyCustomer() {
System.out.println("Modify Customer");
}
@Test(priority=9)
public void deleteCustomer() {
System.out.println("Delete Customer");

pg. 57
 }
}

Output:

Create Customer
Edit Customer
Delete Customer

3) Sequencing execution order using dependsOnMethods:

dependsOnMethods can be used to sequence test methods and dependsOnMethods accept

an array of String which contains the list of methods which the test methods depend on.

public class Users {

@Test
public void createUser() {
System.out.println("Create User");
}
@Test
public void editUser() {
System.out.println("Edit User");
}
@Test
public void modifyUser() {
System.out.println("Modify User");
}
@Test (dependsOnMethods= {"editUser","modifyUser"})
public void deleteUser() {
System.out.println("Delete User");
}

}
Output:

Create User
Edit User
Modify User
Delete User

4) Assertions:

We can use Assert class of TestNG which has list of static assertEquals()(overloaded static
methods) for comparing the actual and expected (Checkpoints). If the assertion passes the
test will be marked as pass and if assertion fails, the test will be marked as FAIL. If there is
any statement after the assert, it will not get executed if assertion fails.

5) Skipping test methods:

If we set a test method to depend on another test method and if the assertion fails, the
dependant test method will be skipped.

@Test

pg. 58
public class UsersA {
public void createUser() {
System.out.println("Create User");
}
@Test
public void editUser() {
String actual="ABC";
String expected="ABC123";
Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);
System.out.println("Edit User");
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods= {"editUser"})
public void deleteUser() {
System.out.println("Delete User");
}
}

Output:

Create User
PASSED: createUser
FAILED: editUser

Creating testNG XML:

If we want to execute multiple testNG classes in a particular sequence then we need to

create an xml.

Procedure to create an TestNG XML:

 Right click on the package  Run as testNG test.

 Each time an individual testNG class or a package is executed testng creates
an xml in the temp folder.
 Copy the xml file from the temp folder. In eclplise Right click on the project
and paste it.
 Edit the Xml as per the order and run the XMl files.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Default suite">
<test verbose="2" name="Default test">
<classes>
<class name="demopack.Customers"/>
<class name="demopack.Users"/>
</classes>
</test> <!-- Default test -->
</suite> <!-- Default suite -->

PROJECT: FRAMEWORK

Create a folder called framework. Create a folder called jars inside the framework folder.

pg. 59
Copy selenium standalone server, apache server and poi jars into the Jars folder.
Launch eclipse and set the framework folder as workspace.’
Create a Java project and in the java settings. Go to libraries tab  Click on Add External Jars
and select all the jar file folder. Click on Add Library and select TestNG library and click on
finish.

Each Module in the package is created as package in the project and the scenario related to
that module will be created as TestNG classes under the respective classes.
Each scenario will be one TestNG class and one test method to test the functionality. Each
module will have separate xml which can be used to execute scenarios of that module.
The common functionalities which is Pre and Post condition like launching browser, opening
URL, Login, Logout and quitting the browser will be created before and after method and
before and after class in a separate TestNG class called base class. Each automation scenario
will extend this base class which will ensure pre and post conditions are executed.
Base Class.java
package com.mindq.actitime.testbase;

import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

public class BaseClass {

@BeforeClass
public void OpenBrowserURL() {
System.out.println("Open browser and url");
}
@BeforeMethod
public void Login() {
System.out.println("Login");
}
@AfterMethod
public void Logout() {
System.out.println("Logout");
}
@AfterClass
public void quitBrowser() {
System.out.println("Quit Browser");
}
}

CreateCustomers.java

package com.mindq.actitime.tasks;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class CreateCustomers {

@Test
public void testCreateCustomer() {
System.out.println("Create Customer");
}
}

DeleteCustomers.java
package com.mindq.actitime.tasks;

pg. 60
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class DeleteCustomers {

@Test
public void testDeleteCustomer() {
System.out.println("Delete Customer");
}
}

CreateReport.Java

package com.mindq.actitime.reports;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class CreateReport {

@Test
public void testCreateReport() {
System.out.println("Create Report");
}
}

DeleteReport.java

package com.mindq.actitime.reports;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class DeleteReport {

@Test
public void testDeleteReport() {
System.out.println("Delete Report");
}
}

5.SOFTWARE TESTING:

5.1 WHAT IS MEAN BY TESTING?

 The process of exercising software to verify that it satisfies specified requirements

and to detect errors.
 The process of analyzing a software item to detect the differences between existing
and required conditions (that is, bugs), and to evaluate the features of the software
item.
 The process of operating a system or component under specified conditions,
observing or recording the results, and making an evaluation of some aspect of the
system or component.

5.2 DISADVANTAGES OF MANUAL TESTING:

 Manual tests can be very time consuming.

pg. 61
  For every release you must rerun the same set of tests which can be time
consuming.
 Requires heavy investment.
 Requires a greater number of human resources.

5.3 AUTOMATION:
Automation Testing: Testing which is done by any other third-party tool.
Test automation is the use of software to control the execution of tests, the comparison of
actual outcomes to predicted outcomes, the setting up of test preconditions, and other test
control and test reporting functions. Commonly, test automation involves automating a
manual process already in place that uses a formalized testing process.

5.4 ADVANTAGES:
Reliable: Tests perform precisely the same operations each time they are run,
thereby eliminating human error
Repeatable: You can test how the software reacts under repeated execution of the
same operations. Programmable: You can program sophisticated tests that bring
out hidden information from the application.
Comprehensive: You can build a suite of tests that covers every feature in your
application.
Reusable: You can reuse tests on different versions of an application, even if the
user interfaces changes.
Better Quality Software: Because you can run more tests in less time with fewer
resources.
Fast: Automated Tools run tests significantly faster than human users.
Cost Reduction: As the number of resources for regression test are reduced.
Reporting: Customized reporting of application defects.
5.5 DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATION TESTING:
Proficiency is required to write the automation test scripts.
Debugging the test script is major issue. If any error is present in the test script,
sometimes it may lead to deadly consequences.
Test maintenance is costly in case of playback methods. Even though a minor
change occurs in the GUI, the test script must be rerecorded or replaced by a new
test script.
Maintenance of test data files is difficult if the test script tests more screens.
5.6 FUNCTIONAL TESTING TOOLS:

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 Functional Testing Tools
Open Source Commercial
Selenium-1.0 QTP
Web driver 2.0 Test Partner
Sahi Test complete
Bad Boy RFT
Ruby Silk
Watir  

5.7 SELENIUM VS. QTP:

Selenium QTP
Open source Paid tool
Works on all OS (Windows, OS X, Linux, Works on Windows
Solaris)
Tests only Web applications Tests web and desktop applications
Works on almost all browsers (IE, Firefox, Works on Firefox 3.5.x and IE
Safari, Opera)
Code can be made in any one of languages VB Script
such as Java, C#, Ruby, Python, pearl, php
etc
Html ID, Xpath, CSS, DOM, Link text Object properties, Repository objects
There is no option, can record script in GUI Spy
Selenium IDE, can spy objects using IE
developer tool bar, Firebug and also using
http://saucelabs.com/builder
IDE sometimes does not record some Recording is a little reliable
events
Set of Libraries, around 20MB (Need to Around 1.5GB
include other supporting software)
Saucelabs.com, Element34 , Commercial From HP
Support

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