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    10 Physics

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    Nicka Asereht Mina
    1. White light is dispersed into the visible color spectrum (VIBGYOR) when passed through a glass prism due to differing refractive indices. Violet light bends the least and red light bends the most. 2. Isaac Newton discovered that an inverted prism can recombine dispersed light to form white light. He concluded the sun is made up of the colors of the visible spectrum. 3. Rainbows form when sunlight is dispersed and reflected inside water droplets in the atmosphere, with red at the top and violet at the bottom appearing in a direction opposite the sun.

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    10 Physics

    Uploaded by

    Nicka Asereht Mina
    91 views4 pages
    1. White light is dispersed into the visible color spectrum (VIBGYOR) when passed through a glass prism due to differing refractive indices. Violet light bends the least and red light bends the most. 2. Isaac Newton discovered that an inverted prism can recombine dispersed light to form white light. He concluded the sun is made up of the colors of the visible spectrum. 3. Rainbows form when sunlight is dispersed and reflected inside water droplets in the atmosphere, with red at the top and violet at the bottom appearing in a direction opposite the sun.

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    Grade 10 physics

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    10-PHYSICS

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    1. White light is dispersed into the visible color spectrum (VIBGYOR) when passed through a glass prism due to differing refractive indices. Violet light bends the least and red light bends the most. 2. Isaac Newton discovered that an inverted prism can recombine dispersed light to form white light. He concluded the sun is made up of the colors of the visible spectrum. 3. Rainbows form when sunlight is dispersed and reflected inside water droplets in the atmosphere, with red at the top and violet at the bottom appearing in a direction opposite the sun.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views4 pages

    10 Physics

    Uploaded by

    Nicka Asereht Mina
    1. White light is dispersed into the visible color spectrum (VIBGYOR) when passed through a glass prism due to differing refractive indices. Violet light bends the least and red light bends the most. 2. Isaac Newton discovered that an inverted prism can recombine dispersed light to form white light. He concluded the sun is made up of the colors of the visible spectrum. 3. Rainbows form when sunlight is dispersed and reflected inside water droplets in the atmosphere, with red at the top and violet at the bottom appearing in a direction opposite the sun.

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    of 4

    CLASS NOTES

    Class : X Topic: DISPERSION OF WHITE LIGHT BY PRISM, ATMOSPHERIC


    REFRACTION AND ITS EXAMPLE
    Subject: PHYSICS

    DISPERSION OF WHITE LIGHT BY A GLASS PRISM

    The phenomenon of splitting of white light into its seven constituent colours when it passes
    through a glass prism is called dispersion of white light. The various colours seen are Violet,
    Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red. The sequence of colours remembers as VIBGYOR.
    The band of seven colours is called the spectrum. The different component colour of light bends
    at a different angle with respect to the incident angle. The violet light bends the least while the
    Red bends the most.

    Recombination of white light: Newton found that when an inverted prism is placed in the path
    of dispersed light then after passing through the prism, they recombine to form white light.

    Issac Newton: He was the first, who obtained spectrum of sunlight by using glass prism. He tried
    to split the spectrum of white light more by using another similar prism, but he could not get
    any more colours.
    He repeated the experiment using second prism in inverted position with respect to the first
    prism. It allowed all the colours of spectrum to pass through second prism. He found white light
    emerges on the other side of second prism.
    He concluded that Sun is made up of seven visible colours VIBGYOR.

    Rainbow: It is the spectrum of sunlight in nature. It is formed due to the dispersion of sunlight
    by the tiny water droplet, present in the atmosphere.

    Formation of the rainbow: The water droplets act like small prism. They refract and disperse
    the incident sunlight, then reflect it internally, and finally refract it again when it comes out of
    the raindrop. Due to the dispersion of light and internal reflection, different colours reach the
    observer’s eye.
    Red colour appears on top and violet at the bottom of rainbow.
    A rainbow is always formed in a direction opposite to that of Sun.
    At ‘A’ – Refraction and dispersion take place.
    At ‘B’ – Internal reflection takes place.
    At ‘C’ – Refraction and dispersion take place.

    Atmospheric Refraction: The refraction of light caused by the Earth’s atmosphere (having air
    layers of varying optical densities) is called Atmospheric Refraction.

    Appearance of Star Position: It is due to atmospheric refraction of star light.


    The temperature and density of different layer of atmosphere keeps varying. Hence, we have
    different medium.
    Distant star act as point source of light. When the starlight enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it
    undergoes refraction continuously, due to changing refractive index i.e. from Rarer to denser. It
    bends towards the normal.
    Due to this, the apparent position of the star is different from actual position. The star appears
    higher than its actual position.

    Twinkling of Star: It is also due to atmospheric refraction.


    Distant star act like a point source of light. As the beam of starlight keeps deviating from its
    path, the apparent position of star keeps on changing because physical condition of earth’s
    atmosphere is not stationary.
    Hence, the amount of light enters our eyes fluctuate sometimes bright and sometime dim. This
    is the “Twinkling effect of star”.

    Why planets do not twinkle?

    Planets are closer to earth and are seen as extended source of light i.e. the collection of large
    number of point sized sources of light. Therefore the total amount of light entering our eyes
    from all individual point source will nullify the twinkling effect.

    ADVANCED SUNRISE AND DELAYED SUNSET

    Actual sun rise happens when it is below the horizon in the morning. The rays of light from the
    sun below the horizon reach our eyes because of refraction of light. Similarly, the sun can be
    seen about few minutes after the actual sun set. Thus the duration of, day time will increase by
    4 minutes.
    This is due to atmospheric refraction. Because of this sun is visible about 2 minutes earlier than
    actual sunrise and about 2 minutes after the actual sun set.
    Apparent flattering of the Sun’s disc at sunset and sunrise is due to atmospheric refraction.

    Content Developed/Prepared Absolutely From Home.

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