INTRODUCTION-SLA.
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ADQUISICIÓN DEL INGLÉS COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA I
4º Grado en Estudios Ingleses
Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
Universidad de Granada
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1. INTRODUCTION TO SLA
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Brief introduction: Language
What is language? Where is it located?
Language is a cognitive system.
• Cognitive: It´s in our brain / mind: it´s knowledge.
• System: It has a structure; it´s not chaotic.
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Speakers have knowledge of language – The linguistic mental structure that it is represented in
their brain.
• Native speakers of the same language have very similar linguistic knowledge of that
language, whereas those learning it as a second language will have a different linguistic
knowledge from natives.
Speakers also process that knowledge of language when they use language (speaking and
hearing).
Where does SLA come from?
Distinction between: LINGUISTICS VS. APPLIED LINGUISTICS.
Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its primary goal is to understand the nature of
language in general.
Branches:
• Phonetics and phonology
• Morphology
• Syntax
• Grammar
• Semantics
• Pragmatics
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Applied Linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of research that investigates language-related
issues in the real world.
“AL is the utilisation of the knowledge about the nature of language achieved by linguistic
research for the improvement of the efficiency of some practical task in which language is a
central component.” (Corder 1974, p. 24)
SLA is a sub-discipline of Applied Linguistics.
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Other Branches:
APPLIED LINGUISTICS
Sociolinguistics Psycholinguistics Discourse analysis
SLA Computational linguistics Clinical linguistics
Corpus linguistics Forensic linguistics Adaptation studies
Theoretical linguistics → Theory of Language (formal / functional approaches)
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Applied linguistics – L2 Acquisition and teaching ↓
Language: Linguistic theories of L2 acquisition
Environment: Sociolinguistic theories of L2 acquisition
Cognition: Psycholinguistic theories of L2 acquisition
Pedagogy: Theories / methods for L2 teaching
Theoretical Linguistics THEORY OF LANGUAGE (formal / functional approaches)
Language:
Linguistic theories of
L2 acquisition
Applied Linguistics
Environment: Cognition:
L2 Acquisition and teaching
Sociolinguistic Psycholinguistic
theories of L2 theories of L2
acquisition acquisition
Pedagogy: Theories /
methods for L2 teaching
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Intro to SLA: 4 KEY QUESTIONS
1. What does the L2 learner come to know? - Interlanguage
2. How does the learner acquire such knowledge? - Acquisition theories
3. Why are some learners more successful than others? - Individual differences (Age,
motivation, learning strategies, etc.)
4. What is the best teaching methodology to acquire an L2? - L2 Methods.
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Key factors in the L2 process
Input Interlanguage - Output
Interaction Input - Intake - L2 knowledge - Output
Input - Intake - L2 knowledge - Output
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Interlanguage (IL) theory
• It is a language system that is between L1 and L2. It is a third language system. It is based
on rules that we are constantly revising and adding new rules, reformulating hypotheses.
• Stabilization: A period in which you don´t learn, but then you continue learning.
• Fossilization: A permanent stage in which you don´t learn again. You stop learning.
• Coined by Selinker (1972)
• Learner language, developing system or approximative system.
• The interim grammars which Ls build on their way to full TL competence.
IL1 > IL2 > IL3 > … Native- like competence / Fossilization.
• L1 influence and L2 input
The second language (L2) is acquired by learners, but…
…how many types of learners are there?
…what do we mean by second?
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Conclusion
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SLA is a multidisciplinary discipline that investigates how learners cognitively acquire a second
language.
Input → Intake → L2 Knowledge → Output
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