ROGER FRITZ L.

OLIVA MAY 27,2022

Name Date Submitted

BET-ET NS 1B
k Course, Year and Section
 EXPERIMENT NO. 2
HALF-WAVE AND FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION

I. OBJECTIVE:

To construct half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits, measure and record their
output waveforms.

II. DISCUSSIONS:

When employed in the rectification process, a diode is typically referred to as a

rectifier. Its power and current ratings are typically much higher than those of diodes
employed in other applications such as computers and communication systems.

Rectification is a process whereby an applied waveform of zero average value is

changed to one that has a DC level. The DC level obtained from a sinusoidal input can be
improved 100% using a process called Full-Wave Rectification. Full-wave rectification
converts both polarities of the input waveform to DC, and is more efficient. The other DC
output requires exactly the same, resulting in four individual junctions. Four rectifiers
arranged this way are called bridge rectifier. A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the
input waveform to one of constant polarity at its output by reversing the negative portions of
the alternating current waveform.

In Half-Wave Rectification, either the positive or negative half of the AC wave is

passed easily, the other half is blocked. Half-wave rectification eliminates on behalf of the
wave, and so is very inefficient to reach the output. This may be the positive or the negative
half depending on the sense in which the diode is connected. This can be achieved by a single
diode in a one phase supply.
III. MATERIALS:

1- Oscilloscope

1- 1/2 watt, 550 Ω resistor

2- 1N4001 diode
1- center tapped transformer

IV. PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit of Fig. 2.1.

2. Connect the input lead of the oscilloscope to the anode of D1. The lead to point C.
Turn on the power. Close switch SI only. Calibrate the vertical amplifiers of the
oscilloscope for the voltage measurement.

3. Adjust the volts/div., time/div controls for proper viewing of the reference waveform.
Marked on the peaks of the waveform Vac as reference for phase measurements.

To waveform viewed should be identical with the reference waveform. Measure the
peak to peak voltage of Record it in Table 2.1. Also, measure the DC voltage, if
any across point AC. Record.

4. Connect the input lead of the oscilloscope to the anode of D2. Close switch S2 letting
switch Si to be open. Draw Vbc, measure peak-to-peak voltage. Record.
5. Open S3. Now, connect the lead of oscilloscope to point D. Close S2. Draw Voutand
measure the peak-to-peak voltage and DC voltage across RL- Record the results.

6. Repeat procedure 5 in vice-versa.

7. Then finaly, close S2, all switches are closed. Draw the V out and measure the peak- to-
peak voltage and DC voltage across RL- Record the results.

WAVE FORM

Vm (A to C)

Vm (B to C)

Vout (DI)

Vout (D2)

Vout (Full -
wave) •

Table 2.1
 A

230V AC
Primary

Fig B
Procedure:

Construct the circuit as shown in fig B. using the oscilloscope, measure the Vpeak, Vout and
draw the output waveform in the table 2.2
1.
What is the difference of (a) half-wave rectifier, (b) full-wave rectifier, an describe its nature
and operation?

The Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifier have significant differences.
A rectifier converts AC voltage into Pulsating DC voltage. A Half-Wave rectifier is an
electronic circuit which converts only one-half of the AC cycle into pulsating DC. It utilizes
only half of AC cycle for the conversion process. On the other hand, Full wave rectifier is an
electronic circuit which converts entire cycle of AC into Pulsating DC.
The Half-Wave Rectifier is unidirectional; it means it will allow the conduction in one
direction only
. That's why either it can convert positive half only or negative half only into DC voltage. This
is the reason that it is called Half Wave
Rectifier. While Full-
wave Rectifier, is bi-directional, it conducts for positive half as well as negative half of the
cycle. Thus, it is termed as full wave rectifier.

2.
What conclusion can you give with the relationship of the input frequency to output
frequency?
Half-wave rectifier conducts once during a cycle and full-wave rectifier does so twice.
Therefore, if input frequency is 50 Hz, output frequency for half-wave and full-wave rectifier
are 50 and 100 Hz respectively.

3.
At what frequencies will the output waveform be half-wave rectified? A full-wave rectified?

The frequency of a full wave rectified input AC waveform (if it is not a square wave) will be
doubled at the output. A half wave rectified input AC waveform will be the same at the output
as the input. If there is a filtering capacitor On the output of the diode bridge (as is the case in
DC power supply outputs, then the same argument applies to the residual ripple of the DC
voltage under load. The waveform at the output of the half wave or full wave rectifier will not
look the same as the waveform of the input.
 Observation
We can observe in this experiment that we use an AC power as our main source not a DC power.
Also, we have used another type of Diode, which is a rectifier. There are two figure representations
as a guide in our simulation for both circuit 1 and 2. We use 3 oscilloscopes in our
Circuit 1 for us to have the graph of the Voltages in our source (Vs), in our Diode (Vd), and in our
resistor (Vr). In our Circuit 2, utilizes a centertapped transformer, shows both in the circuit. Vab and
Vac connections are used to read the complete wave and half-wave, which is depending on the
source and load. Lastly, the Circuit 3. The wave is in the full-wave rectified at the source and half-
wave rectified at the resistor.

Conclusion
Overall, we have learned the differences between the full-wave and half-wave rectifier.
A rectifier converts AC voltage into Pulsating DC voltage. A Half-Wave rectifier is an electronic
circuit which converts only one-half of the AC cycle into pulsating DC. It utilizes only half of AC
cycle for the conversion process. On the other hand, Full wave rectifier is an electronic circuit which
converts entire cycle of AC into Pulsating DC. The Half-Wave Rectifier is unidirectional; it means it
will allow the conduction in one direction only
. That's why either it can convert positive half only or negative half only into DC voltage. This is the
reason that it is called Half Wave
Rectifier. While Full-wave Rectifier, is bi-directional, it conducts for positive half as well as negative
half of the cycle. Thus, it is termed as full wave rectifier