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Computer Network

The document discusses different components of a computer network including hardware like servers, transmission media, hubs, switches, routers, modems, and network interface cards. It also discusses software components like protocol suites and different types of networks like LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN.

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yjn
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119 views

Computer Network

The document discusses different components of a computer network including hardware like servers, transmission media, hubs, switches, routers, modems, and network interface cards. It also discusses software components like protocol suites and different types of networks like LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN.

Uploaded by

yjn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

Network

What is computer
network?

A computer network is a group of computers linked


to each other that enables the computer to
communicate with another computer and share their
resources, data, and applications.
A computer network is a group of
computers linked to each other that
enables the computer to communicate
with another computer and share their
resources, data, and applications.
Components of
computer network

There are two types of components,


hardware and software
Difference between
hardware and
software
Hardware refers to the physical
components of a computer;
Software is a collection of instructions,
procedures, documentation that
performs different tasks on a computer
system.
Hardware

Servers

Servers are high-configuration computers that


manage the resources of the network. The
network operating system is typically installed
in the server and so they give user accesses to
the network resources. Servers can be of
various kinds: file servers, database servers,
print servers etc.
Hardware

Transmission
Media
Transmission media are the channels
through which data is transferred
from one device to another in a
network. Transmission media may be
guided media like coaxial cable, fibre
optic cables etc; or maybe unguided
media like microwaves, infra-red
waves etc.
Hardware

Hub
A hub is a hardware device that divides
the network connection among multiple
devices. When computer requests for
some information from a network, it first
sends the request to the Hub through
cable. Hub will broadcast this request to
the entire network. All the devices will
check whether the request belongs to
them or not. If not, the request will be
dropped.
Hardware

Switch
A switch is a hardware device that
connects multiple devices on a
computer network. A Switch
contains more advanced features
than Hub. It determines the
device to whom the message is to
be transmitted. Therefore, we can
say that switch provides a direct
connection between the source
and destination. It increases the
speed of the network.
Hardware

A router forwards the packet


based on the information
Router available in the routing table.
It determines the best path from
the available paths for the
transmission of the packet.
A router is a hardware device which
is used to connect a LAN with an
internet connection. It is used to
receive, analyze and forward the
incoming packets to another
network.
A router works in a Layer 3 (Network
layer) of the OSI Reference model.
Hardware

A modem is a hardware device that


allows the computer to connect to the
internet over the existing telephone line.
A modem is not integrated with the
motherboard rather than it is installed on
the PCI slot found on the motherboard.
It stands for Modulator/Demodulator. It
converts the digital data into an analog
signal over the telephone lines.

Modem
Hardware

NIC
NIC stands for network interface card.
NIC is a hardware component used to
connect a computer with another computer onto a network
It can support a transfer rate of 10,100 to 1000 Mb/s.
There are two types of NIC:
1. Wired NIC. The Wired NIC is present inside the motherboard.
Cables and connectors are used with wired NIC to transfer data.
2. Wireless NIC. The wireless NIC contains the antenna to obtain the
connection over the wireless network. For example, laptop computer
contains the wireless NIC.
Software

Protocol PA protocol is a rule or guideline


followed by each computer for data
Suite communication. Protocol suite is a set of
related protocols that are laid down for
computer networks. The two popular
protocol suites are :
a. OSI Model ( Open System
Interconnections)
b. TCP / IP Model
How do computer
networks work?
Computer networks connect nodes
like computers, routers, and switches
using cables, fiber optics, or wireless
signals. These connections allow
devices in a network to communicate
and share information and resources.
Networks follow protocols, which
define how communications are sent
and received.
The Network allows computers to
connect and communicate with
different computers via any medium.
LAN, MAN, WAN and PAN are four
types of the network designed to
Types of operate over the area they cover.

network
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group
of computer and peripheral devices
which are connected in a limited area
such as school, laboratory, home, and
office building. It is a widely useful
network for sharing resources like files,
LAN printers, games, and other application.
The simplest type of LAN network is to
connect computers and a printer in
someone's home or office. In general,
LAN will be used as one type of
transmission medium.
WAN or Wide Area Network is a
computer network that extends over a
large geographical area, although it might
be confined within the bounds of a state
or country. A WAN could be a connection
WAN of LAN connecting to other LAN’s via
telephone lines and radio waves and may
be limited to an enterprise (a corporation
or an organization) or accessible to the
public. The technology is high speed and
relatively expensive.
A Metropolitan Area Network or MAN is
consisting of a computer network across
an entire city, college campus, or a small
region. This type of network is larger than
MAN LAN, which is mostly limited to a single
building or site. Depending upon the type
of configuration, this type of network
allows you to cover an area from several
miles to tens of miles.
PAN is a computer network formed around
a person. It generally consists of a
computer, mobile, or personal digital
PAN assistant. PAN can be used for
establishing communication among these
personal devices for connecting to a digital
network and the internet.
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