Scribd
Upload
39 views6 pages

Genomics

This document discusses genomics and proteomics. It begins by defining structural genomics as studying protein structure using computational or experimental methods, while functional genomics studies gene expression and roles in biological processes. It then describes the components of a gene as a promoter, coding region, and terminator sequence. Finally, it defines homologs as shared ancestry between genes, and distinguishes between orthologs which are homologous genes separated by speciation, and paralogs which are homologous genes separated by gene duplication within the same genome.

Uploaded by

Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views6 pages

Genomics

This document discusses genomics and proteomics. It begins by defining structural genomics as studying protein structure using computational or experimental methods, while functional genomics studies gene expression and roles in biological processes. It then describes the components of a gene as a promoter, coding region, and terminator sequence. Finally, it defines homologs as shared ancestry between genes, and distinguishes between orthologs which are homologous genes separated by speciation, and paralogs which are homologous genes separated by gene duplication within the same genome.

Uploaded by

Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

GENOMICS AND

PROTEOMICS

Assignment no. 1
Khawaja Ahmed Rasool (SP21-BTY-015)

Submission to: Dr. Basit Shah


Dated: October 6th, 2022
Table of Contents

Q:1 Difference Between Structural and Functional Genomics ....................................................................2


Structural Genomics..............................................................................................................................2
Functional Genomics.............................................................................................................................2
Q:2 COMPONENTS OF A GENE....................................................................................................................3
Q:3 HOMOLOG............................................................................................................................................4
1) Ortholog..............................................................................................................................................4
2) Paralog................................................................................................................................................4
References...................................................................................................................................................5

1|Page
Q:1 Difference Between Structural and Functional Genomics

Structural Genomics Functional Genomics


The study of the three-dimensional (3D) Functional genomics is the study of the
structure of proteins using computational or roles that genes and various genome
experimental methods is known as structural regions play in a variety of biological
genomics. processes.

It is the study of the physical nature It is the study of the expression and
of genome. function of the genome.
It attempts to sequence and map the whole It attempts to find out function of all gene
genome. products encoded by the genome.
It involves providing location to the entire set It involves utilization of genome’s data to
of genes in a genome. describe gene function and properties.

Functional genomics focuses on understanding the expression and function of the genome, while
structural genomics is primarily concerned with sequencing and mapping the genome.

2|Page
Q:2 COMPONENTS OF A GENE

Gene has three basic components:


Promoter (The promoter turns the gene on)
Coding Region (The coding region has the protein building information)
Terminator Sequence (indicates the end of a gene)

Gene is unit of hereditary information that occupies a fixed position on chromosome. Genes


achieve their effects by directing the synthesis of proteins.
Genes are composed of DNA. In eukaryotes, they are contained within the
cell nucleus. In prokaryotes, the genes are contained in a single chromosome.

3|Page
Q:3 HOMOLOG

Homologs refer to a homologous protein and to the gene ( DNA sequence) that encodes it. A
homologous gene is a gene inherited in two species from a common ancestor.
Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of either a speciation event (orthologs)
or a duplication event (paralogs). Both are explained below:

1) Ortholog

Homologous sequences are orthologous if they were separated by a speciation event. When a
species diverges into two separate species, the copies of a single gene in the two resulting species
are said to be orthologous. Orthologs are the homologs in different species that catalyze the
same reaction.

2) Paralog

Homologous sequences are paralogous if they were separated by a gene duplication event. If a
gene in an organism is duplicated to occupy two different positions in the same genome, then the
two copies are paralogous. Paralogs are the homologs in the same species that do not catalyze
the same reaction.

4|Page
References

https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-structural-and-functional-genomics/

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/training/online/courses/functional-genomics-i-introduction-and-design/what-is-
functional-genomics/

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/
7%3A_Microbial_Genetics/7.13%3A_Bioinformatics/7.13C%3A_Homologs%2C_Orthologs
%2C_and_Paralogs

https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2001-2-8-interactions1002

5|Page

You might also like