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Data Visualization

Pictures help represent data clearly by showing structures and patterns. Matplotlib is a Python library for data visualization that allows creating graphs and charts with just a few lines of code. Basic components of graphs include the figure area, axes, artist elements, titles, and legends. Matplotlib supports various plot types like line plots, bar graphs, histograms, pie charts, and scatter plots. Creating a line chart in Matplotlib involves importing the library, choosing x and y data points, adding labels and a title, and displaying the plot.

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Ayaan Saleem
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90 views

Data Visualization

Pictures help represent data clearly by showing structures and patterns. Matplotlib is a Python library for data visualization that allows creating graphs and charts with just a few lines of code. Basic components of graphs include the figure area, axes, artist elements, titles, and legends. Matplotlib supports various plot types like line plots, bar graphs, histograms, pie charts, and scatter plots. Creating a line chart in Matplotlib involves importing the library, choosing x and y data points, adding labels and a title, and displaying the plot.

Uploaded by

Ayaan Saleem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Visualization

Pictures play an important role in representing data. As we all are


aware that pictures give a more and more clear understanding of
any kind of data or complex problems. Some of the images help to
understand the structure or patterns of data flow and execution.

Basic components of Graph


A graph has the following basic components:
1. Figure or chart area: The entire area covered by the graph is
known as a figure. It can be also considered as a canvas or
chart area also.
2. Axis: These are the number of lines generated on the plot.
Basically, there are two axes X and Y-axis.
3. Artist: The components like text objects, Line 2D objects,
collection objects, etc.
4. Titles: There are few titles involved with your charts such as
Chart Title, Axis title, etc.
5. Legends: Legends are the information that represents data
with lines or dots.

After getting familiar with parts of the graph, let me introduce


matplotlib for Comprehensive notes Data Visualization Class 12 IP.

matplotlib Introduction
Python supports a variety of packages to handle data. Matplotlib is
also one of the most important packages out of them. It is a
low-level library integrated with a Matlab-like interface that offers
few lines of code and draws graphs or charts. It has modules such
as a pyplot to draw and create graphs.
In the next section of Comprehensive notes Data Visualization
Class 12 IP you will know the steps required to create a chart.

Steps – how to create graphs using


matplotlib
The following are basic steps to create a chart.

Step 1 Installation of matplotlib


Install matplotlib by following these simple steps:

Step 1: Open cmd from the start menu


Step 2: Type pip install matplotlib

Step 2 import module


Import matplotlib.pyplot using import command in the following two
ways:

1. Without instance: import matplotlib.pyplot


2. With instance: import matplotlib.pyplot as mpp

Step 3 Choose desired plot type (graph


type)
In this step, select your desired chart type for plotting. For example,
line chart

Step 4 Give proper labels to axis,


categories
A graph is made up of two-axis i.e. X and Y-axis. In this step label
them as per the need as well as apply proper labels for categories
also.

Step 5 Add data points


The next point is to add data points. Data points depict the point on
the plot at a particular place.

Step 6 Add more functionality like


colours, sizes etc
To make your graphs more effective and informative use different
colours and different sizes.

The common method used to plot a chart is plot().

In the next section of Comprehensive notes Data Visualization


Class 12 IP, you will learn about the pyplot package.

The PyPlot package


The Pyplot package provides an interface to plot the graph
automatically as per the requirements. You just need to provide
accurate values for axes, categories, labels, title, legend, and data
points.

Matplotlib provides the following types of graphs in python:


● Line plot
● Bar graph
● Histogram
● Pie chart
● Scatter chart
In the next section of Comprehensive notes Data Visualization
Class 12 IP you will learn creating a line chart or plotting lines.

Creating a Line chart or Plotting


lines
To create a line chart following functions are used:
● plot(x,y,colour,others): Draw lines as per specified lines
● xlabel(“label”): For label to x-axis
● ylabel(“label”): For label to y-axis
● title(“Title”): For title of the axes
● legend(): For displaying legends
● show() : Display the graph

Now observe the following code:


import matplotlib.pyplot as mpp
mpp.plot(['English','Maths','Hindi'],[88,90,94],'Red
')
mpp.xlabel('Subjects')
mpp.ylabel('Marks')
mpp.title('Progress Report Chart')
mpp.show()

Output:
Line plot in Python 3.8.3

In the above code, 3 subject marks are plotted on the figure. The
navigation toolbar helps to navigate through the graph. Now
observe the following code for plotting multiple lines on the graph.
import matplotlib.pyplot as mpp
o=[5,10,15,20]
r_india=[30,80,120,200]
mpp.plot(o,r_india,'Red')
r_aust=[25,85,100,186]
mpp.plot(o,r_aust,'Yellow')
mpp.xlabel('Runs')
mpp.ylabel('Overs')
mpp.title('Match Summary')
mpp.show()
Output:

Multi Line chart using Python 3.8.3

So now you understand how to plot lines on the figure. You can
change the colour using abbreviations and line style by using the
linestyle parameter also. Just do the following changes in
above-given code and see the output:

mpp.plot(o,r_india,’m’,linestyle=’:’)
mpp.plot(o,r_aust,’y’,linestyle=’-.’)
This section of this article Comprehensive notes Data Visualization
Class 12 IP talks about bar graphs.

Bar Graph
The bar graph represents data in horizontal or vertical bars. The
bar() function is used to create a bar graph. It is most commonly
used for 2D data representation. Just have a look at the following
code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as mpp
overs=[5,10,15,20]
runs=[30,80,120,200]
mpp.bar(runs,overs,width=30,
label='Runs',colour='r')
mpp.xlabel('Runs')
mpp.ylabel('Overs')
mpp.title('Match Summary')
mpp.legend()
mpp.show()
Output:

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