Chapter 4-1 4.1 Case — rlove t acting 4 saturation o activa 4 safvrahow mverted achisa mode iS act ink, ? cut -off v eut-of} 4.2 ; ve ice Tee Foe Device #1 o-Ft/o-0ts ors Dye Ta = e.214 not A Fon Device #2 Pt/orors tam = Tan @ Tu = Bzeeso“TA Sine Darth, the aulabine pancho aus ise Ay. Ts de 2 2 2g0 A Tuy dy OR 4.3 Aug = 10g) => a= 104 yen fey Ise Big = ia Bye wm fey eg = be Te 10M e jot = ae Yara Yass = Vr Ha(10") = 0.025 1n(10) 038s LAS A rae og MeO Las WA lea = Ine’ we set fe t0 LAS A incase and sae allowed to vary 4.5 feat = Heats € vacon = ¥rla(s8) fae = VAL Iya = SX 1OMA V, = 0025 Vols o.0251a fenoe = VMAS Iygee = 5X10) Vy = 0028 - 4.6 ee hem 10x 107 = beh anf, = 6273 KIO Foe cn = 07 Varie = 62X10 907 WAChapter 4-2 Ten Terme rangss from ~~ = 3.06m: . ie = WpA= 10x10" = 6273 x10°% 3.08uA_te_15-05uA one tne = 0587 Max Powar = 9% Zemne = 40/5 Alternate way ~ without ealelating Fee typ = 07 = 3SmW — Toma fe = 0907 ma 409 fen ue Foric = 10 nA le x0 oo 5 1x10? t= BAL ye ‘ng = 0587 B fe = (SX 10-™)e080/00 = 977 WA 4 ts constant and independent of fe _ 97x10" | ad in angstrom ff = 272510" = 196 na ic = Big i = X10 «aya yoo= PES J ranges from = 4022 £3. $1 i, Sor x 107% = 998 B a = 53-3 BEL i, = Gor x10-* = 998 ya Bt), = Dox 10" = oA -f. = S33 = » as 200) aaa S43 Be 4.10 ig = 1ima 4.8 Case ig = 50 pA wv Peicolehsce te= fey = 1X71 « HA Tee PB Te ranges fon a= Bf -B~ oss ae So¥h 2 GOxXSQUA to coh waa = BmA to ISmA 990 WA, p= © x 9X10 _ og i oxi B Bei 10Case: fy = 25 WA fe = gm ty = X10? A-25 x 10% = 915 wa “sv sv b Ie Ry Re S085 = suann kn) Te © 0 when Ine" lee 5 {tte tO a9 7. 1 Vee = Vin~ Var = Vel = 28in100 = IS mV 07-04 084 For¥,,204V Vac fae = bec = 10-Pe* = 0168 pA ForVce=03V Vac = 07-03 = 04V fae = Hace = 10-Me = 0.009 wr AV Vac = 07-01 = 06 co tyg eT m 1OM ew 145 mA, PorVep=04V — Vgc=03V fn = lng +tne = 145+002 = 1452 WA, fe = ler ine = 14S ~0 = 145 mA Jel iy = VAS MA/I452 pA = 100 ForVee®03V —— Vgc-=04V 145 +0089 = 145.89 a 45 ~ $8 = 145 mA iclis~ 145 MAG WA = 9-9 For Vee=01V Vac 06V fw AS 4 265 = 41 ma, ie = 145 ~265 = 1.2 ma Vee 10 low for moet 4.13 fg Pathe gy leer andic = Be Hee wiemg 80d raved Panwa = 84 Ta ge 8 Waa tes Bitte * Baget orp Fo Bast a)= 25 in[ 10200) = 230.8 mv For Bicas = 10 Vea = 254100 = 25 nft222) For Bones = 5 Vera = 28 [0 = 25 inf631.6) For Bore = | t12mv Yew = 28 ft Lh = 25 1n{202] = 132.7 mv Chapter 44 4.15 + 08, a fen yee 08 4.16 mA te <4 20a Vie. ox -sv -wv Ve=Vee = 0-F03V p= 0 0 E or = 1000 = 0A oe = i,s 22 v0 2 9. 19nh a = ye 002x108 a fort 1 (L-1) = 02 107A 4.17 + [JOA ae oss), 1 eH) = oar x 10a SK sv Panes ey eosn) Ni pelea. fee p = 15 eae f= BED ne = Bs 1% Ve = = 104 aig X10 0 = =10 + 2x08 x10 a”? savin = 19 = 092s in= = ams 0 Caeaiing ie Bote = tye ie = gE ie * tn 1519 = Jy e700 x10 fay = 1.608 > 10 ‘Compare this to Inte = ore a77008 = 6914 x 10" Igecarea Chapter 4-5 4.19 (1, = 10702 © = 1ma nv 56K0. Vis 12-56x25=-2v “av 2a | 4410 EI asma 24 -27V ~10v © Ima = ast ov O19) | 1 TMA -v @ +10v Ike -10v +10 WV 5chapter 4-8 15¥% + 199550 5%, Sj Wena (2) so jo ogre fe = Met ly = 3A Vi = 3m ky = 3 = LAM =07 + 10 «0955 ma a ne = 3na 4.20 i 4 3m ee gsy= 3-909 7 BPE arp o sy B= 99 4.21 av Veen #9 ¥ wv mn chro sovarso 3% ‘ ” ISD 4 = 504A ave ie ten = 9505 Souths = 08 Yor tng=0 etme pan ee fem Bhs b= oe ft: = 04 c= MORA seem = (SaF) = om For FSDINO: iy = SHA, ic = 995 BA 352 Sule 95H aa) 4 (Om=ot ka (Us-tia) pam am sisy ® 0“sv Varsamay ~ Varioiaa) ~ ould 640 mV + 579 mv fe Voccan be mised wall ~ +04 aston pert Re =~ SEM! ska. 4.24 s15V fed Srcsis0 Me t t-o-ow te} $rp-oann a5 Chapter 4-7 wet = EOT= 1) oa es fenk, ay 21 mA, V, = 15-51 KQ1m) ver aay 4.25 +15v oma B= 100 osv Aen = Vr wf] = 25In{01) = S76 ma Ry = ZOU Baty, ® = 7SK 0738 an 4.26 @ Ve-ot Veo Ve-0-F = 20:20 Te> -@#+3 . 10 arsTee 36 re = bozmA 31 << Ve = B= HOZAT-D = 0-756 ® Vero Ves Ver o-F > p-FV. Te = Se. 5 BF = 23mA Tes &Te > 20-» 22 > VBA Ves “Be x= 3r22a > -p-2aV = Ze, 223 26. = Te- 3S. = ©: 07430A © Ver3av Ves Vo to-F> 3:2V Tes tHe— - 2S? = 4 gam Tes &Te = = *Y-P2 = $6 bmA Ves Dex o-S¢ = 2-62\)° e+ Te 2 466 = 0. 155A e O ae 3 ® Ve-3au_ Vex 3-0-F> 28y Jone = 23 Joyy > 4E4nh_ Chapter 4-8 Des De = 324-89 = pe a3yh Ven 9- nes a4 P32 eet Te> Fp = “BS » os Fat 4.27 Zieo doubles ae = for sre Cr Tho if Trav 20nh at 28°C. Tao ~ 28°. 20 = 128Onh Ae es for B opencircuited p= Oand (1) gives 1 mT a egg eR = at We tB* Dew i= 4 BleChapter 4-8 4.29 Gwen le = 0-Smht Vee > 0-692 aT 20°C. The puretion impprrntione uate fo 50°C. Vea = 0-692.-2x10"*(50-20) > 0:632V (b) Ta Base - Emitter Voltage is Caud Nem = O-FV at Au TEMPER ht 20°C ~ be z0SmA at Vow -06R Thane Pov Vee =O°FV wt hawt i pe eears osvos 7 & te = 0-6e Now G T250°C 4 Veg 20-74 froma) we on that af So°C, Lesosuk, Vee= 0-632V Thaadore, for Ves te = ep tahi O-SKIO™ e te = 4.30 ¥ 10m Seg des or as 1Oma — ui 7 Sate te = 335 4h oS tin He errant droga ejnitvcanty ak Use =0-8V 4.31 Varchanges by 2 mVI°C fora particular ‘current. Given that at 25° C Vgp = 0.7 V and ica l0ma ‘Ts @ -28°C Vag = 07-2 10°50) = 08V and ice 10mA @ 125°C Ve_ = 0.7 - 2.x 10°*(100) =05V and ic=10mA 4.32 fos She + BR Bk Fa S33:3k o> Ya = Ge = 33-310" 3x10Chapter 410 4.33 feo Un foe Orie mA > ZOOKR » fre er Oe @te 720M. 004A 4.34 Vyp = O72V sic = 18mMA Vox = 2V Near saturation Va = 03 Aer = ‘Ble je = 172 mA Calculating Ver for ic = 2.0.mA ay, Mer TE = Fo (oth Bg 5:36) where J¢ isthe current nese saturation «> active boundary As calculated above fe = L.72mA Mv FRG = 198 KO compare othe shove caution of 20 k0. 4.35 Large ongnal of DE Bt fe. mh hee = ie” Suh so. Sonal augnad 4a* Sigh 25 pe ue 283k. Te 5 Bhs Sedlye AGE 2 esx Buh + FesBer > 0-ZPMak + foov bem we Te bemA tH Ate = LeFeMA 4.36 Voom + SV Vow 2K Hc = Ama 4 = 008 ma a x4 Var = 07 +2 DCR =13Vvedge of saturation re = 03 V fe = $593 = 4794 fy = Tcl = 47150 = 0.094 mA Von = 0.094% 20 +07 = 258 ©) éeep saturation ve = 02 By = 10 te = (S02) = 48ma, In = TelBrucea = 48/10 = 048 mA, Van = 04820407 = +103 4.37 ‘Assume active: Vp = 3Y,Vp = 23 (Assume Vap = 0.7 V) typ = PA = 23mA 2.3 ($0) = 115 mA V.= MIS m(1 K)=11SV, ¥e Vp Vp SATURATED. 28) Tk) _ 28m Broscea = 7a asm "ay oe “Transistor wil operate at edge of satration when ~9aKn 4.38 @ Ye=2v ® Ye Ver 2-0-7213 Vent-0-F203y Te = Ye. 1.3m L ak ee LSeh Te =I. 2 0-3mh Te B13 mh Ves S-o-3 Ve* S-135 Chapter 4-11 © Ye = Ov -cotess. Ve= ow Ye= BY 4.39 ow pre LeFT zen 3 ET Ves G-2Te = 4Y32y 2a won Ve = Va -09 ee os ~3yv F065, (1S, 1-65mh ~ Went Ve whin Te 2 15 *1:I1Suk = OSA Ve = -3+01ISK2 =-2.47V Vee Vero? = -2-07V “Want Ue at the —tolpt 9 conduchan Ae Ha ade of conduction maul Yee =0-SV J. Ve -0-5- 2Tet3:0 <-re- Va= ~2-6V ab edge of conduchonChapter 412 Veo Ya-0-S = “BM Te oW f. Ver Gv Ok salwar wre Ver = 0-2V Neg = -0-8V Je Tee Yap 43 = 6-(We-08) ce i oe Wat 23> 6SVe Ve = Z:1V_ Ver 2-0-7 = 14 Ve = Vs oS6y, -went Va ok FB, = 2, Mero-2V are Vege -05¥ Broad + int = 2. Xe De eTe t Deent = Deen + Tent 2 = Bye Tea Ves Ve-0-F = -3t 2T¢ 2 -Bt BTeent Teeae= 3 re Te= Vee~ Wo-0°5) 2 Trent en @:s-\e = Has) + Ne G@s- RED oS" Ss = 2: \4a, aed Ve = 4.40 5V sv ond) $ Ro Uns Ne a > ve oa Ike for Bree BS 202 Raz 52: Ra: +@e2 e Farttar> z Rar +2er = ASK Q Zoe => Rey 8-2 25 Fer = (Ok@ Rer= Shr oe Wow for B= 100, Une Tavsnin's sv to obain: PY _panteer wens = Oke ) Loor O 2° 6GR) “7 -Te(\) =O Te = /29mAChapter 4-13 cea ene ig ste te B22. Be = 3-4h2 Rew kD Ves B- F280) = B.a2y 4.41 s2:tembk zlin’ Ve = 44 DIRK DZ = -43BV co Nee = 4:3 pr30 4.42 Lp 9-295e-0-? ~Fe gy 20 3t w le ie = 2.8248 Re YLe =2mh Ve= Rex Te/ay = Z-02y Ye 12 Re -07-4-8 num ee alg 9 eel 284420 Leu = arte(t?) > ~28V Ve, 6-4 = Qe Ke 20 20.5 (2-4) Ve Let Va= OV gto For Re =2FOkR. RZ bomb Rex 0% Fot_ Re =270kS. > H1B eZ oop 9-2-2 -0-2- Re te =O ~W HGR , 4544 Zz Sk 2 Te = 07274 mk‘Chapter 414 Va = Rex Je Saat @34V Ve 9-2-7T¢ = B04 Ver 82 50(29)-9 = -Z10V Te reborn the voltagc + the ons first ealevlatd we four Loop O wTe = 2-3243 mA 9- 2-4Te-07 -—270 5 20 Bri B= 304 4.44 ing the vatane fem the oat pact of S76 and fre Aw ade eo] astral Use > - D-4V av fe B243mA 232y ported = Vu © Rew? eievit ar THe EDGE OF sATUEATION 2 82a, 2 re Tee B2Te = B2 + 2-32u3 Ree ze4o+ Bo/ai x 2.8u3 Bk 4.45 p= 10 (Ry = 100K — +; Ryistarge assume active mode. sv sv 1 toon Sy" Kn Jove, veeorv Ye @ 1h 478 = vec 10 = vom 100 1, = 109 v_¢may ot Loop (1) Ys x 100-07 - ve x1 = 5~ Yt x 100-07-v,x1 = 0 me Buy te te ‘ 4S av oor nan} 50,407) ee Se +02) te ane v 2 YE m ty te not 43 =Ve sag ~ vy y, arOV, + Vet 10V_ = 43448 vp= 2.49 Ve = 249402 = 260 Vy = Vet 07 = 319 5-269 7 Cheek: fe = 231 ma 19 b = 0181 mA 1g - 231 - pase fe = 20k = 1276< 100 Hence, we rein saturation a assumed! AD -expect saturation, secretin (b) ip+07) _ 43-Ve tT +02) _ 48~v, ~ = 3 le = lathe = Ve 43-V,+48-Ve = Ve ‘Saturation as assumed Chapter 4-15 4.46 @ sv nT i am Ree Ve= 5-2(+6)® 1 Suey 4 oo” © ° 08 V2 46-0-7 + 099 ama Sa12 25. ee Y SEE = 0. 43908 ® Vey Pee a1 240-3 S t Bik < ON | __. vq = -5+0989(5-1) SMa. = -g:209y © + | o-tatmk ® ¥ -SvChapter 416 4.47 42448500 @© @ 72 All vottaps aw) Vs = 0-0-F2 -0-77 a rok = S- Mentoo Vs “erry oop O 5-4 Tae - 150 Tag +5 =0 Tee = (0 _ Se" Wis Vio = -S+ 150Tag @ Va"S- Bere 11 >-5+ 180. 10 2 2utfay 1+ 5D Wy=-S+225¢ © jp eeuy bose v. Yu Vio + OF = 1-9 24V ane ae Zeep D O~ Lg. -09 -224¢ +6 =O oo DeaTe = 5-Wu 33 Te = 1-378@mA Ve -5+(6 S-1= -2-246V © Vo = Vg 40-4 = [O37 V CONT(Chapter 417 Loop O S-BB%g-0F “Te yy 122420 Le = 0:-F496F mb Wa = S-3-3re = 2.3FIV Va = 100 Te x51-5 Vo = Vu-0-F = 1-62 Loop O §-B-8Lg -0-F— Ze gy--220 4.48 ‘or Ee = O84F mA By Nommal B= 100. Reeve Ths, Ve = 5-3-8Te = 23U Nominal ot = or 20-44 Vg 78 +SInio rs -9-8 862 fo AVie fommal Ze * leh nominal Ze* 0-44 mf “68 nomial Vex SV CO) Ver Wimnin 4s Lheorat to wae eciplify Mh bane network! Thue, Ree SEB> = wotkn SD woke Vea = -S + PROG HIO = 1-224 V Taoin EO PH Rea =iS0ll Fl = 56 -64kQ a ev 2 Rev Se Tor => Re+ fa. m3 @) Vea=t mv 9) 38k" wi Res Te Ve Re B usiuo from $0 te 160, nud Seema Vio Ee be te whe weielon of Te to FO" of tm. Bet an saneon tad YL nema yarns in Te Far BPSD Las opposed to P2180). To se Vein eve thet Uhm B duartaues Wwo fo SO the lnee cununt Aeulatie wRE dremgt in B from CONT. anesChapter 4-18 10 F010 camare He banat Curent fo dacunar to YS its nominal fan hmeed om the 10% Ant for B>50. 2 le. = 13 OE tee Ree fH = 15.79 @) @)-6) => Re (er- tr) =154 > Ra= 63- Pe Ww4kQ Sob ‘into (quis Ree eke TS Fe uid aa sapesTid range s\ Fe ke covres, wo B aha fem SO to 1507 wa wan 1Bk. fur B>6O Te> go 143 5 -864mh Ves 15- O-fey x10 = 6.3.6, igo 143 for B= 180 Te= 1ST” 13, ee 1s) Loogmh Me = 18- Looe ie = 4. 4-92 tov 4 For Vem SV = DE eB eRe p= 50 R= Sa ORK. fer P= loo Ve = 13 spike = 23 08 fae *PARe * FS x100x = 1D:OG\L <— Vac= 93-1004 =-O-FY Sina Nac <-0-4V the tvansistey Satvrolic |Chapter 419 4.50 p= 5aka n-ov 14 = 5-09m (S51) = 459 o 10 sa = refer Me ik = a3m rl oat a 4.50 Vy = 5-91 K(A3 m = 136 ¥, = 136-07 = 66v = aly, = 26m $49.1 Key + fag) 07 ~ Ig(43 K) +5 = 0 AK 426m) +2 07 = (43k) = 0 9.1 K( 426m) + 2 He 07 ~ 143K) tg = 32 = 75ma, Vy = 5+ I(43K) © -18V Vy = M407 = -108vChapter 4-20 en yo etive mode, ve BE dome zp Poon ° eda vez-av ey Fran -5y @ (1.96 -262) 26.1 = ¢ SSE eee +0? 3 ve i a hes Xez- o. ee 7 ve= 20 Va=a1v Uys o.8v VO= 2.3¢v ® (1-44-2637 «3 FOAtL3x C64) Lea, Ts3* 0.088mA Les= 3.35waA Vs=-43v Ves -5v V3 * 2.4v =eChapter 4-21 re Tar -s8v Te = 5-09.37 = 3.%1mA A+lo/iat Ve > -3.91v ve = -Gélv Ur = -lov +sv + T\ daw De =4.35 =%.32 “Thane oo a7 do Fok ROE = TAT. oF. eae mill Aw oSChapter 4-23 Re tee alee = 10 WI, < 26, Ay = = ~yopTe GD Aasuminy the, Je mall voltage Veron eo Nhe Yee to atey eee : oo For OB = 10-3 Re 2W-TeRe +nup Ave = 0403+ Tex! @© Max culpa yalligt Lufore the ianatoly 2 ent off Vee # AUD = Yor AWo = Veo - Vee 210 1+ Te = ote @ Uce G) te calvlale the gain and @),B) te calulate the “su tpot limits in order fo slay in achat mode fon a particular bine awvunt De. Fenn) WW) AVC V) 1 2 5 e 4 4.55 Since we ae assuming linear operation we don't ave 0 g010 fe = fe ean a LIS a neVee = 03 +1F + 1eRe a = ta Re = he Val = rte Re = = £ Vee tin 4.56 ‘On the verge of Satuaton Vee~ Bvgr 03 fer iacar operation dg = Ayn Vex=lAvny| = 03 (S = IcRe) = Ay X5 X10" = 03 5— [d= Ay x10 = 03 |Ayca0es + 00s) = 503 [Ad = 15667 Note As iste fy = 15661 V/V ‘Now wecanfind hd cll vlogs Refers hed ofthe ouputselinge, wee at [av = Kay 0005) eq = 03 + |aogos = 1.08 V Vert P+ Aye eRe = |AlVr Pay Pv) Pe Voc = fade + Proa @ | -20 [02 [os bio > 10v Chapter 4-24 4.57 OK BV kn ov = Ske 4.58 © Re cay yi (caution Acive eat of a, ~Sy Be Hake sv Re | = fos 35 [aos | =i fos fas faa wo | =m [10 25 fae | 20 [i [50 Tor psa [To Yas Paw o 125 [ise Ag, ee Souration 7 Carel Somatic CHOChapter 425 4.59 Uneluding, oe Early abtuck wat role tht in & ameed ( ve Ay) fo nole Le = rei & ase) 4 te umtues, the cothete oumunb with the uty voltage magtued « Starting worth Ha vo lage at tHe veotster we Lanes Ue s Veo ~FeRe 2 Ve = Retee “(1+ YE) Tala dense fo ge geen Ry ~ DUe FOE Uae Fs eth ae E_ (ir Mie f_ puke en) ae (i) + Se | "AV er = Na » Ves Vr Vi r@ee Va 2 VatVee is tepy Un+tele ty banier 1 Va, be Varlee Vi Vee This tem is tat “P Un>> Vee Soky B] — RmAy Rete ( Lr Virte ) aed. For Vec=6\) tke =2-8 VeewoVv Tgnoting tha Sooty Deltas ye Eee, Vee 62S, Ae “Be + Mee, S225 sy WK the Surly Yelle Reece ye Te Bebe Var Vee Bot veerosy 4 FE = 100 as showy abon. co By = = ORTChapter 4-26 4.60 ay © For waaimuun gain yrw onell Re bins ot the ewount . sauder Avs “TERI This alec mane . 2 ou woth bins at the safvrahion fly = Vee = Ve aca Vr ov 2820-3, o.bts ease Vp ts 1h fy Sunier sim hai (b> Fer Ay = -100%Ay @h = he 3x12 Ay = Vee-Veo V9 = (hs ~ hi)Re = 066 % 1 = 0.660 V i Te = 100 66015 = —132.V/V Vee = 25% axon on © For a de colletoe cununt o | 0-Siah 0 a) Jee BVon | AVoCexp) | AV Ctineary 22S = RePBS Fav | em | 60m —Smv | 154d mv @ Tse. 0A => eek, 4.6 Le Te veer, oso = we ee Ver= 0:673V Vo = Vee + Uce. Uz *Voe teChapter 4-27 © Y sve aaoume terine opunhin geod wt can wat Ay to wh Me oon oulpat champs for Una = GmV ows owt] Vee Ay Upe = “100 «0-005 2-0-5 Vw pink aint want o's Hea colput 1s 0 O-SV p mint waut SL INS ) for Ure = oS s te = o-lmA paak This carunt is aryperimposed ot Le, @ y= Hip = oF _ 0-005ah 0 7 ————— i = 2 = pool mh : g:00Lmhe (h) fh = Une = pees ie 0-00lK10> G) Aw akekhee Hat folow:Chapter 4-28 4.63 (2) Using the exponential characteristic mle = Me HEY, te Bu Yae™ Ge Viw Sce ble below For signals at © 5 mV, the ror intedaced bythe ice tee smallsignal approximation s 10 % te Ve “The eer increaes to above 20% for signals at ; =10mv. Now gq= Output current — fe =" Tnpat voltage ~ my, take = 1h we | idle | id | % Brvor vn (vy | Bxpan. | smait bar FeV L oS o- 3 - om [room | roo | 2 av 1 | 003 2 forte = 1 ™ +2 _| Foss <4 2 | -0077 va +5 | -02a1 =35 =| -o1ar +103 +8 | voa77 | +0320] —152 —# [0278 | -o320] +168 +10 | +0292 | +0.400 | 187 10 | 0.330 | ~0a00 | 4213 Fi2_[ vos | x0a80 | 234 Tia [oar | 0480 | +259 Peak-to-peak V, swing = 41 For Q point at Vee/2 = 25 ¥ Von = 25V fe = 28mA Jy = 25 MA Vas - 07 Re = 25 pA Van = fpf $07 = 25407 32VChapter 4-29 sv ioe Ve IS-4x10 xe ‘awa oY 40.00 ve User 0.3 + Ube where Ube*o.005v le = Le Ca+ Ube ) Eq. (6.38) vr le=Ze+le where: fe* dmx 0.005 = 0.2m 25m la= Awa + 0.2 mA Ve = Vee -le Re Eq. C5-101) ? Ve - éeRe O.2mx lo Ve= SV -2v ="4OO V/y while = gm Re = -lu lok = 490 25m Ww 4.65 Sms Ze = A2wh = 48mA Vr 2m v fr= 6 « 120 2.5kn fe=Ur = 2429 = 2o.bu Bri an For a bras cutreut af (20nA Ve. 10 times lower: Ge 48 + YB mA To (re 1ax2.5 * 26 Ke fe * lox 20.6 + 206 4.66 Tex 2m4 > But ema ZSmy oun BOwA/V fe= Wr, Te= Le (+1) te Te + 2mAx 51 = 2.04mA 5a fe= 25m = 12.25n Zod (m= & = 50 = 625xu Se Baxids oo : ~ Bux Re For ko=5ku aud Shee Suv Vos -S0misk x Suey Fr2yChapter 430 4.67 gs 60mA = Le Vv ur =—> Ie er eee SOux 25m = 4.25 mA Cre 2k = 6 > =Zex50m we prtao 9 —s x= 100 = 0.99 tat Te = Le = 1.25mA = 4,26mA ok ane = 4.68 1.2260 *92 mA Se Varies prow: to 0.9%60=48ur [3 varies prow 50 te Zao” Rin [gase OT OL Gm Largest valve: (r= (max = 200 wuin WB = 4.2K Suallest valve : (r= (Smun= 50 Wunne FZ = 64 4.69 Vee 2v => 18's vec -Ve Re Tes 5-2= 4wmA 3K Ginn Be © tw = Homa, vr 25m vo lect) = Le + ewvbe Ct) = Ave W3.16% 2.005 Simwt = A+ 0.2 Sinwe , WA Vette) = B - Re lece) 22.0.6 Simwé ,V love = lec /(d = A+0.2. Sinwk wa 100 = 10+ 2 Simwk 1A Voltage eacu = -0.6 + -120Y segs Sk ky Vee ; a te le= Tet gu dbe Simwe be Re 4.70 Ve Ue=Vee-Teke veer the sin = Bus be Re sinwe To waiutacu BIT Iu active fegion, Ue >, Vee, hos VEt ~LeRe- gm Re The 2 VBE 4 be To obtain the largest possible qvepue Signal wx design suek that thd cons trained 's satrepred with the equality aon, thatis: a a Vee -ReLe “Se Re Vbe = Veet Vbe substitvlin m* Le, gives. S “Ser Eer§ Veo -ReLe -ReTe Ube = Vee + Ube Vr =? Role (At Vbe )r Vee “Vee ~be vr CONT.Chapter 4~31 a“ 4.71 ReLe = (Vee -Vee -Vbe) | Ke ene |e | (A+ tbe ) = [iso Joao [ose |1 owe [aso Jamar Ur’ ED. f f= [wo] % |= jo] > [ie eo. 7 feo [ow [ime fim ow [as pas Voltage see wm. Re Re =-Le YRe Te [iso| soo [rox [ia [oas | [ime VT a (ma) =. Vee-Vee-Ube Ty | Jooiw Joa | 0 Joma | as | uno ee re be nay = [ass | @ | @ [on | m | 0 —= cow For Vec =5V, V8e=0.9v and » bes Suav vam |e] spas fw pw |S piss Feitn [oo fas frase [co fork] 30 [227 Rele = 5-0.2-0.005 73.6V A+ 0.005 2.028 Thos» Ve 5-3.6 =+14v Awplitude o, avtput arenal is Pia -¢ tee ees 1.4 - 0.7 - 0.005 * 2-695 Vv O.695 1008 Val tage Gane Check . = —($-¢.2- 90.005) Meee mean seg crcoos = -143 w/v The dipereuce 3 caused 6 decimal ravudiue-up a, Rele. SP OF Otherwise: Voltage caur> ~O.716 S) & 2.005 =143 viv a 4.72 Te =4wA,=1Z0 v= 0.992 ee vr 25 Vv fre B = 120 = 3Ku wm Goxio® fe = Vr == 0.992 =24.8N Te 3™ Gono The prapatinl eireuce wodels ake:Chapter 432 U luehY—> =| abe uae Aes TMe=De= 0.5mA ; % Ve= 5-7.5%0.5= +1,.25V Rs iy 126 . met Ze = 0.5m = 20mA Or *] vr Zou Vv Observe that Ube+-Ve Che avtput voltace Ue +5 found [fame: O Ue + ~ us Ube X25K Thur the veltoxe gacu is Ve = gmx p28 ve = 20x7,5* GOV 4.74 Ve ~ -3m Re = Ube» _A Ube SOX 7 1QUAY Rr lop (be Ube = 140x107. 9.01 fr Blau (a0 /o.05 ibe 0.005 mA Pe-ta-R‘Chapter 4~33 4.76 4. Apply ¥. tens = Vy ait ior, Negleeting Ry = He bdr Red qBtD = B+ DG, + Re mm = ai, Ry Re fn Re Ay TcERA on aeRS te TERT Tt Ra Re 4.78 8 = 20-40 = 0995 Te~ aly = 0.995 X10 mA = 995 mA Ve = 9.95 mV x 100 = 0995 v 10 he my been 16 = 0.05 ma me Vy = 1S = 10 KM x 005 mA vy = Vae = + 0.008 swine Active regionRg = re = 500 Ry = WRAY r, = 476.0 sem a Bae = oO 1 Wo = “fate Re eRe KOR vg = -04 x 100 032 , = 128 yy gain 2 we 1282-132 gin Be 82-13 ir = 204V = 2 = 20mv no 1 = 03230 m = 98 mA - Ye» — 1000 ¥ itv, = 25922 = — 1000 Y Yo y itv, = 20v9¥2 = 10,00 ¥ Chapter 434 4.81 Yo= 10 DC Analysis: = 3507 ny = ES Ty = 0023 mA Saturation begins to oecur when Ve 0 V Wo-07 | cte= 0507 = 31ma a4 le = Bly >Re SE Ba2s notte = x0" "Te 36x 0023 x 10 i = NR a0 1 = BY (oa may y= Wa9T o aaa oer Yo _ ake wv ve OOTe‘Chapter 4~35 4.83 Rin=Rellfe e= taon éhus , Vt #100 > Le» 0.25 ov Ryz10a ao SRE -lov Selection ope valve rer Re: “The vol re Gate is directly groper tioul Ute Re, Uo = Ve . vo Us Ug Ue = Rin. eRe RetRin fe x 100 | Re laotiao Oo = 5Re , Re in Ku. For au ewilter -base sigual as large ag MOwv , th igual) at the colleetor wll be on Re xQ.01@ wlts. Thus theOwaxtmon collector valtoge in the direcou will ast tive Vel mar = Ve +a-01 gm. Re = -lO+ Le Re + 0.0 x1 x he on = -l0+0.25Re +0.1Re = -10 +0.35 Re eas pakvraktou ; lunax < VB wluek is ov. Thus to obtain maximum brie while Blowin au ewuitter-base stghal as large a3 AOwVvY aud at the cohee time Leepiuy the trausistor iu the aden wade we select Re fom: -10+0.35Re=0 => Ro=2B.6 KU = Vole. ain = Yo =SRe= (UZY/ “5° S Us aChapter 4-98 4.84 For larce BY che ve base current will be ~o Thos the 0c voltoge at the base cau ee loud direct! tt Fay volbaxe dito ir rie Ves 15. 100 = 7.5V 100 F120 ENBE = 0.9 Ve = 2.5 -0.7 = 6.8V — Te= 6.8v = Imad S8ka Ob =U Var ke ue Rerfe Also, les U6 =_UW fe+Re fe+rRe and, , Voz =-eleRe = -a&Reur fe tke Thos, Var = -& Re Uc Rer+ fe G.E.D. Substituting les ee £82 aud Re- 6.8ku, ee g.bKe aud &=4 gives Var = 6.8 = o.976 vw ipa Ot OIG 18 a arama Uez = - 4.3 &.8 t0.025 I the uode labeled voz is counected to Grae = 0.63 Wy Re=0 Vet = -lRe ra fe KD A= 2KNK R= TKD sO Rw = Rav rey arte = Ol) Ra 209 Rt h br volt) By +R wl) = OR, — WR, 92 1") — 10(L 10) 29001Chapter 4-37 Taking einige Ry 4.87 = eat, 5 Af oxto_y_2 *O » Re ‘900 x 10° + 100 x 10°A250 + 2 x 10% 7 Ay = 125 transformation Ret Rag RF Ray Mt Setting Ry >and subsitution foe =, “The dependent current source is equivalent toa BeOS waaay eniRR Re wh = Ril ee (Ry + IRS RD %Chapter 438 10K aga 4) 10K v, 4.88 040.7 = 0% = = OSA tan = BE? aig v7 tas 19 = Ya —2_ ~ worn Ih 05x10 ren Be 10 sx 0g 1” tox Ro = Rell to = (10 10" | 100 x 10°) ose Rear = 5x1 ‘The circuit is now (ace figure above) for valves Ay = 22 = ~RalRol Ri) {or valves given 100 - f = (20 10°79.09 10" 10% 10) Ae 95.23 Gy = vying, « Be tele” ER, 5x10" a 5s 952) = —31.4 ireceneste pinto sie Gato! Ry R= 100, Ay = 10 ax signal is max HON 6 $2107 srs yy aie at-99909) leq ~ “74 59+ 10 4991 VIN Aine iho 8 ee pears (6d = 6 Se bre rot tea Re Lee = Bel a Som = (Fan RN ro Rel Ry ley = Ry! = 1OKOR, = 10K B = 100; = tmby IB ranges from SO -¥ 150 Forp= 10% Jo) = plot = ana ww 1d = Toons 0”? Forp= 150: \G4 = 0! = 109.09 WV. 40! 01 130" 0 ©) What a B range G, = |G 96 at|Gi|~ 64: 4p = 16.19 9658 = 12632 Suppose the nominal Gi Gym A Fis sarable B = 50=Gy = 08 Gy oo B = 150=9Gy = 12 Gynom 08 Cynon pt 12 Cron 190 Ie Take mtio os 93 4, = 0125 ma 12 Chapter 4-39 G gom™ 31.25 Byyqy = 8333 4.90 joy = pcb tel ro Ya roots rel Rod YE Io = =; Rag 4 fe BOB Yr Ys (Rel RON thus, [Gy] = Rag 4 Yr BT Rel Ry = 10. Rug = 1OKM, Vy = 25-V, and V, = 0025 v le 0% +25) + 25) ree | 1G on | a7 02 | Has os | 3556 10 | saa tas | 3555 “The values off that result in [|= SO are 1% 0.925 mA and 0.324 mA. The 0324 mA would be preferred since a lower power is required,Re Rag Re f= + RD +R, i je alt Weert! fe felamnle: = 099( 22%) « s9s.0 5 x 10 Ry = (100+ 1)(495 + 150) = 201509 1 +R, Ayo = ~(0.99)(10 x 10°)/(49.5 + 150) ‘ow mode! becomes Avo = ~ai,Re = ~aRy 4960 y= ge "RR, G 10ko TORO + 10K 16.582 Chapter 440 R= BH DG +R) Ry = (BN, +R) Yr note vy, Re ae 2.) roakiply bot sides by feand reserange = B+ DRle + Rule = (B+ DV, Given B = 100: R, = 2040: ¥,=0.025V Equation becomes =101 Re + 2X 1094. = (101}0.025) (ay (Our unknowns ate J & R, This one equation Ire Rally * (Ito gabon 525, ip = Rae et Rag bE vag = [Lt] EER, ge + Ret oa = [Bo gee re Bat, + vq + Raise rot AE, 0100s = [785 + 1]SZO) Rete + (5000)5 x 10") le * “Croowoasy 0.005 = 0.202 1, + 107 (Fy B)‘goations A and B can be solved simultaneoualy Jem 125mA Rife = 0.00064 aR, = 0.22264 / 125 x 10 rm )=-ns = Pee Od = ROB DOG RS R= WOLD, 10K; B = 100, v= omsv: rims B10 Bri ~ i °” 1x 100A lod = _—(100)(10> 10 = 10 x 10" + (101){0.025/(1.01 x 10”)} ‘Suppose [| has a nominal value Gam a 08 Gy yan Comesponds to B = 50.LetR, bea variable (note that « = 098): BR Rag * (B+ 10025 (1.02% 10> Ri] = ORG. son «yuo 8G non Io + GSI OOS 102% 10 + ap 50 G, 150,10" Jo + SI OORS/ 101 10 +R) These tw equations can he solved simulta se 0y FOF RG, gon m93V vom = 80625 126 gum 126-490 Hai Rell Ry) su) aC Rel RD at Rel R twotry = SFELAD cy a( Ref Ry) SALMO Inaend Supose a= 1 ne OKO) (1040) — Ire LOKMIL- 104,025 m4 (10% 107% Ivo] = 0S v volt)! gy = oe POLK Oy Hot! Thigcey Rate Gy = MOKMDE CORD Since gay 1A + 0025/10 ss VV Pras = roto] Gy Irug(0] = 05/488 = 0.1025. 4.95 Fro Man = (OSV) | ft HCD an R, Inula $210" © FieViga, —-250 RA a Veg, 2 Me 802 «sama Be oe Velho, = fe Heyy = 1S mA Vil M onan Le Weldon EMA Suppose B = 100 , wn, “ ri, a0 x 10') : —, = 0499 O12 104) + (HOI (20) = 200% 10"(Gy = W601 eal Walaas = 100 Volt 4.96 To= ImA; B= 100; Ry = 2040; R= 10000 te = BAN, = Who” = 101m 2a7s20 Rig = (BIN, + Ry) = (101)(24752 + 1000) = 1035 ka. weave: - (B+ DR, GFR FBTR, 101 1000 (101 (1000) + (101}(24.752) + 20% 10 Wel Mig = Ov 8178 GeV lat) = wot, = SY Valld = reel) = (7,1 RIGe Vuh A(t) = (4, Gy (24.752 1000)(0.8178) = 002024 MC) = 19 + 90> (1) = Gy + (FRG = (+ FRING (0/ % yl0)/ tlt) = (1 + 24.752/ 100008178) = 0838056 By m0)! nyg(t) = 102024 ltl haae tga / 002024 Ilha = 10% 10°"/0.02024 = 0.494Vy5 [Cae = Gehan Mae = (O89)(08178) 0408 v )IFR, is removed i, = 0, therefore, Chapter 4~42 AO = HDA R oy > ity = THOU ag = 0, PAD = ~ 10 a) Rug = 90. OO” FO Ry Stating imo Rg expression 1 5 Fa) Rag = et Rag Rau Feta) x 7 4 20X10" 9999779 = m7 + 2240! «mm mma sno 100 4.97 Je 0.25mAs Ryg= WAN: R= 14M: Ye= 002s BR, GDR TBH TR, = Ye BM i Bem = (BHR, FDR BY TR R, rt Ray MBN = OM Pais Bn BTRog = 199.01 0 Rg = 298.0. Reg = 165000 4.98 mate + wp ¢ . . qa ~ Pata) ey ett a Solving: oe « RoR Maul” eRe Ret, + rare? BaRrare RR + Ror, + rea + Bye + RRs) Rel Chapter 443 Solutions Vat), __Relatare + Ry + r=) Vag” ORT Rare the BaRatets RR “+Rer, + roRa + RoR + Bek) 70) (e+ rl Rat 1) TC)” GARCT Rare Fah F Bal sre RR + Rate+ rRat Rake + RR) 4.99 +5V ® ' 5«kp2 = 0.690 Cs Vow foie ha tg 2) Skee = 0.69 Ks! + 0.69 Kor > 4.31 Re2 = 0. 69K) => Ret = 6.24 Rez @ Siuce Vae= 5 Rez Rei+ Ker 't botk Rezw Rerare at 0.99 or 1.01 ap Eker Vowrual value —» Vee will not be apected We wust'oousioer the cases wheu oue resistor is at 0.99 aud the other at /.01 + éheir noucual valve. pe Rer'= 1.01 Rar Re = 0.99 Rel = VBE= 0.7Q2VU Ips Rez - 0.99 Rez Rei' =1,01 Ret =? Vee = 0.673V tlues Vee ranses Poms 2.6780 to 9.302 CONT.Chapter 444 Foc Ie: Te-itse™™ This design is too seusitive for Voe= o.6f0—> Lem Ama ta variations of }. — Ts 1.032x107'S of Vee+ 0.678 7Ic=0.619 = 4°70% VBE = 0.702% Tet A.é2m av ry 200 Te ranges trom O.618mA bo te. Rs op ptes3ma 4, 62u0A. to rer, --+ 4av ® y Re= 3Ku Re Re Vee = 5-3Kx0.62m= 3.14V Re =3v > 1K Vee = 5-3Kx1-62m= O.14U 3mA Res 3v *4ka This cirecut is boo geus/tive Bm parameter variations Vb*+ 2.9437 3.3V as’ showu here tora 1% Ri= U- 3-7 = (7.7KY fesistar Coleraude . “Zeno Qu = (RitRe) Le -> Re =12.8k 4.100 lo a Choose svitable 5% resistors Re=? it B= 100 Ri = 1F.7K —> 18K ke Be | t Ama Ral2.3k—> 13kua 4 Zexb=Le Ri Re =4K 5-0.3 = Aw Vee = 9x13 = 3.77¥ Ra 100 ig+13 — Re= YoKun Far these valves op Rand A=90: Re = 19113 = 7.55Ku Vee = 5V-3K.4wA= 2V Le= 3.72 -0.7 = 2.33wa aK +7.556 Ip P= 0: Lex 5-09 « 50 q @3oK L= 0.989 > Lo= 2-804 Te O5QmA Pees §-3Kx0.5um2+3.5v |p RE is reduced by ~7.55K qi ib Be ts0; Dee |.SmA ~Re- flow Vce~0.5V =p Le+3.0%mA De=3.05wmaA -Chapter 4-45 4.102 FerB = mfp = 0.1, = 06 mA 3 a BY sine = BX = san = hy Yn07+3937 9-37, 106 y= 2237. 106 2 yy Tet ~ 6m ~ 77K te, 18 9 + Ryn, = Bg = 129K (r+ Rf, = Hak = 12aKn ‘Suiuble 5% Resistors: Ry = 124 kA R= INK B= 90: Ry = (TAKE (21K) = AKU 7457 C74 WL atk) = PAREN) a7 921 K) Ms av TK + ire 37-07 2 sie Tea” 6m 4.103 Te= Vee-Vee Ret RB +) (a) For Pb =10¢, Vvaryin between 50 and lab the Maximun deviatrou inte (yam the nowsnal valve obtained por B= 100) accurs at the low end a f valves (b+50). Thus, ‘to Keep Le within + 5% of nominal we wet impose the coustrame Le ¢h+50) 0.95 Le Cp=100) of, Vie6- VBE > 0.95 Vee -Vee Re+ kB R &s e+ RB SI Tor or, Re+RO> 0.15 (Re+ Re) lor s 0.05 Rex Rb (2:55 - 4 31 lar = RO 65.73 R é “Thus. the larrect fatie of RO/Re is 5.93 (6) De. Re = Vee/3 — Ves-VBe . Re Re+ Ra B+ \ise -0.9 ar@e. 4. Re Atl 3 = Vee Vee 1LVec (1+ 5.23 +07 3 7) =? VBB = 0.35 Vee $0.7 (c) Vee = lov V88 =0.35x10+0.3 = 4.2V > _Rz “10 = 4.2 Rit Re Ro = 0.42 @ Ri+R2 Te. keel Vee 3 Cont,‘Chopter 4-46 2xRe=Lxlo 3 => Re= 1.6? KU RG= 5.73167 = 9.55 Ka z= 7.55 Rit Rz Substituting pron ® gives Rix 9.56 = 12.9 Ku 0.42 4.104 ca) 3* p=co,re-0 Rey Teete eR Sema Ov BVe Rex Sma fs 709 Rew Akt ke y G3- 0.3) = REx Sma > Rex 162u ) 8% Vee =ves Te Tp.Re = leke lo > De .Re- Te-Re @H to — Re-~G+yRe @ 1a also, 0=VRet0.? + Vee-3 2.3 * VA + Vre To 7 Vee 2.3 = 2-09V te 2.0¢= TexRe © bv: cee Tet Sma s S.0nte O.98¢ Substituting ime Re 6304 from@: Rb- 6269n (e) Standard 5% valves: Res Aku Re ~ 68e¢ur — 680u Rex 6267n > 6.2KXN (d) 220: Teco Tesle Va=o Vez-0.2 te re = 30.7 = 3-0.7 = 3.88mA Re 690 Ves 3-3.38mx4K = -O.338V For (b= 90: Te +_2.3 = 3.0%mA &80+6.2k gr Des &te = 3.0Um4 Ve= Re.te= Gt Ves -0,20% -0.2= 0.909 v Ves 3-Te.Re = 3-38.04x4 = -Q.04v - 0.209 4.105 45v Ve=-0.9v eo Yo obtain Le= Ima oI be -syChapter 4-47 Yo wast wed: Je gain wlele allowiu tUrv signal at colleets} , desien Sra de gollector valk 3 op +4V. Thee, Rew S-la 4 = dk (ley Ie 4 ~~ For 100°C rie in beupera- ture , Vee decreases éf 2x100 = 200my au thus Te increases by 0.2 RE = O2V = G.043 wA . 43K Le, au tucrease or 4.3% The change ey ‘om Sa to 150 causes & te change flow 2.980 ta 2.993 much twplies Qu inerease in collector curren€ ap 1.3% the overall inerease ih Te is 6% 4.106 Te “To allow a eolleetor Ze Re valkage Swin ve Re be iv, eS lesiqu tr: ve }te le = VB+4 = 0.9415 12V Te+ 0-5mA 7 Ro = 5-1-9 = 6.6 KX Os Far [= laa: Te-Te- 0.5 = 5pA Gr “lat Te.Ra-1V RB=AV = 1 NR=Zocku Bra 5 = Now, + the B/T used kas = 50), the emitter evrreut eS con be povnd prom &s (6a) Te = Vec - Vee Re + Rs ér = 5-02.49 = 2.4imA 6.6 +200 31 aud Te-+0-di BpA St “Thus the collector will be leaker thau the base & Bxo2=L6V, aliawlus or A t1.6V signal swin at the collector . 5 For (> = 150: Te+ 5-07 6.6 +2ae 1S) Te = 0.54 = 36,A ISL “Thus the collector voltage will be Lcghker thar te of the babe 6 3:6X*O.2 #O-72V allowrug per ar + O.?2u eae eee =O -S4mA‘chaptor 4-48 4.107 Tg = Lesh * 3wA/4O= 0.083m Ve~ Re.t6 +07 Ver 1.5V>Re* 24.2Ke mer Le 3.03wA ot Zs Te-te =tTe + 3.03mA te + Veet Yoo ght, = BAG A+ Var le ecg Yee eke ee STD 4.109 av ‘Te constrains impored canot be met Ya <-07V for Q, active, Forfa (@ = $0) within 5% fa(B = =) Forp = 50