Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Region V (Bicol)
Legazpi City
SAN JOSE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Jose Malilipot, Albay

MODULE IN
FUNDAMENTAL OF
MOTOR SKILLS/
PHYSICAL FITNESS

LAWRENCE D. BELGAR
Instructor

Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
 Region V (Bicol)
Legazpi City
TIWI COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Tiwi, Albay

MODULE IN FUNDAMENTAL OF MOTOR SKILLS/

PHYSICAL FITNESS
1st Semester

Course Title: FUNDAMENTAL OF MOTOR SKILLS/PHYSICAL FITNESS

Course Code: PE 1

Course Placement: MM 1A,MM 1F, MM 1L

Course Credits: 2 units

Number of Hours: 54 hours in a semester

Course Description:

This course is designed to expose the students in many fitness activities. Through this
variety of fitness skills, one will be more knowledgeable to process of continued fitness
throughout one’s lifetime. The course is also intended to introduce the students to the method of
procedure for teaching fitness, nutritional health, and general wellness principles. Students will
complete as assessment measuring aerobics fitness, strength, flexibility and nutrition.

Course Objectives:

Physical education is an integral part of young people’s education. As a result of their

learning in physical education, young people can increase their enjoyment, confidence and
competence in a range physical activities. They can learn about health-related fitness and to take
responsibility for being physically active now and in the future. Overall, they can develop
positive attitudes to physical activity and its importance in a healthy and fulfilling lifestyle.

Academic Integrity:

Students and employees at Tiwi Community College are required to demonstrate academic
integrity and follow Code of Academic Conduct. This code prohibits:

 Cheating,
 Plagiarism (turning in work not written by you, or lacking proper citation),
 Falsification and fabrication (lying or distorting the truth),
 Helping others not to cheat,
 Unauthorized changes on official documents,
 Pretending to be someone else or having someone else pretend to be you,
 Making or accepting bribes, special favors, or threats, and
 Any other behavior that violates academic integrity.
Other details of the Code of Academic Conduct can be found in the Student Handbook.
Course Requirements:

In this course, I deeply encourage you to complete your requirements in order for you to
pass in this course.

1. Answer and submit the activities and/ or evaluation given in the different lessons on
the indicated schedules.

2. Major examinations: Prelim, Midterm, and Final Examinations.

3. Individual and/ or group projects to be submitted at the end of semester or before the
final examination.

Course Grading System:

For your guidance as on how I computed your grades as an assessment, I divided into
four main areas for each term, namely:

1. Written works (quizzes and worksheets etc.) 30%

2. Performance (practical, reflection and analysis) 35%
3. Attendance, Character and Behavior 5%
4. Examination (Prelim, Midterm, and Final) 30%
100%

Course References/Books:

 Physical Education 1 Physical Fitness and Gymnastics by Antonio V. Calicdan, Erwin O.

Estrella, Jo-Ann C. Balagtas, Melanie B. Coronongan, Gwendaly R. Cruz and Norbina
Genever M. Castro for College Book, 2015, published by Jimyczyville Publications.
 Physical Education 1 by Doris D. Tulio, Ph. D. for College Book, 2008, published by
National Book Store.

Websites:

 http://EzinelArticles.com/856213) (Diñoso, 1993)

 http://tumblingdrills.com/archives/1648
 www.brianmac.co.uk/bodytype.htm
 www.britannica.com/science/somatotype
 www.jmc.edu
 www.mysomatotype.com
 www.mysomatotype.com/body-type/?page_id=58
 www.shape.com/fitness
 www.st-paulsportsmouth.sc.uk
 www.thefreedictionary.com/somatotype
 www.uh.edu/fitness/comm educators/3 somatotypesNEW.htm
 www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise
 Course Contents

Unit I Physical Education

Meaning of Physical Education

Legal Basis of Physical Education
Goals of Physical Education
General Objectives of Physical Education
Benefits of Physical Education
Historical Development of Physical Education
Great Contributors to Physical Education

Unit II Physical Fitness

Meaning of Physical Fitness

Components of Physical Fitness
Physical Fitness Test Battery

Unit III Exercise Program

Structure of the Human Body

Phases of Exercise Program
Types of Exercise

Unit IV Aerobic Dance for Health and Fitness

Meaning of Aerobics Exercise

History of Aerobics Exercise
Benefits of Aerobic Exercise
Benefits of Strength Training
Aerobic Dance and Other Exercises conducted with music
Step Aerobics Terminology (Leg and Arm Movements)

Unit V Gymnastics

Brief History Gymnastics

Definition of Gymnastics
Outstanding leaders/ contributors in Gymnastics
Phases of Gymnastics
Objectives of Gymnastics
Terms in Gymnastics
 Unit I: Physical Education
Introduction
Modern Physical Education activities are based on the natural physical education of the
primitive times. Even the more recent activities, when analyzed, are found to be developed from
the natural activities. In the most educational systems, physical education (PE), also called
physical training (PT) or gym, though each with a very different connotation, is a course in the
curriculum which utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play
or movement exploration setting. The term physical education is most commonly used in this
way; however, this denotes rather that “they have participated in the subject area, not studied it.”
Physical education has existed since the earliest stages of humanity, in areas as simple as
the transmission of knowledge of basic survival skills, such as hunting. However, the real history
of physical education is in the changing methodologies used to transmit physical skills and, to a
lesser extent, the varying intentions of the educator.
The first known literary reference to an athletic competition is preserved in the ancient
Greek text, the Iliad, by Homer. While by no means is this the beginning of physical activity, it
marks an important point in the study of the history of physical education. Other cultures that
existed before the Greeks, including the ancient Chinese, Indian, and Egyptian civilizations had
traditions of physical education and activity, but the Greek influence is argued to the most
fundamental to how the discipline is viewed today. The ancient Greek tradition of the Olympic
Games, which originated in the early 8th century BC, even continues today. The Father of
Modern Physical Education that we know of today was Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. Although Jahn
was highly political within Germany, his contributors to Physical Education (mostly in
Gymnastics) as a discipline are still seen today.
Learning Competencies
At the end of this unit, you are expected to:
1. Define Physical education.
2. Explain the legal basis of Physical Education.
3. Determine the goals of Physical Education.
4. Enumerate and emphasize the general objectives of Physical education.
5. Appreciate the benefits of Physical Education.
6. Trace the historical development and great contributors of Physical Education.

Lesson Proper
What is Physical Education?
Physical Education (PE) is the interdisciplinary study of all areas of science relating to
the transmission of physical knowledge and skills to an individual or a group, the application of
these skills, and their results.
Physical Education is an important segment of general education which aims to
contribute to the total development of the learner through participation in selected activities. It
provides opportunities to acquire lifelong skills that are essential to his physical, mental, social,
and emotional development.
It can also be viewed as a program of activities in a school curriculum that involves
sports, games, dance, gymnastics, and recreational activities. Great emphasis is placed on motor
skills, fitness, health, recreational and safety. It is the vital and integral part of general education
designed to promote the optimum development of the individually physically, socially,
emotionally, and mentally through total body movement in the performance of properly selected
physical activities.
Legal bases of Physical Education
The following are some of the Laws that reiterate the importance of Physical Education in
achieving the holistic development.
1. 1987 Constitution, Article XIV: Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
The 1987 Constitution proves the government recognizes that importance of safeguarding
the people’s physical well-being.
Section 19: Sports
(1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-
discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country
in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.
2. Republic Act No. 5708: An Act Providing for the Promotion and Financing of an Integrated
Physical Education and Sports Development Program for the School in the Philippines
Section 1. This act shall be known as “The Schools Physical Education and Sports
Development Act of 1969.”
Section 2. An integrated physical education and sports development program in all schools in
the Philippines shall be undertaken by the Department of Education in accordance with the
following guiding principles:
(1) The goal of physical education is to instill in young citizens a proper appreciation of the
importance of physical development hand in hand with the mental development in individual and
social activities;
(2) The sports and other activities in a physical education program should provide opportunities
for the athletic development of children and youth who have the competitive spirit as well as
grace, coordination, stamina and strength;
(3) A well-rounded physical education program must be addressed to physical growth, social
training, and personal discipline for all pupils and students, as well as superior athletic
achievement for those who are psychologically inclined and physically gifted; and
(4) An integrated program for sports development in the schools requires effective
organizational planning and administration with provisions for adequate training facilities and
sustained stable financing.
Goals of Physical Education
Like other General Education, the aim of Physical Education is to develop the totality of
human personality. The holistic nature of physical education and its totally well planned
programs of activities provide wholesome development of human qualities including physical,
mental, social, emotional and moral aspects to produced well rounded individuals who are
productive and contributory to the progressive nations. Thus, physical education makes an
individual physically fit and capable, mentally alert, emotionally stable and balanced, socially
equipped and adjusted, morally upright, and spiritually matured.
Objectives of Physical Education
The primary aims of physical education vary historically, based on the needs of the time
and place. Often, many different types of physical education occur simultaneously, some
intentionally and others not. Most modern school systems claim their intent is to equip students
with the knowledge, skills, capacities, and values along with the enthusiasm to maintain a
healthy lifestyle into adulthood. Some schools also require physical education as a way to
promote weight loss in students. Activities included in the program are designed to promote
physical fitness, to develop motor skills, to instill knowledge and understanding of rules,
concepts, and strategies, and to teach students to work as part of a team, or as individuals, in a
wide variety of competitive activities.
Physical Development
Through carefully selected physical education activities, an individual who
participates actively will develop and maintain good health and high level of physical
fitness.

Emotional Development
The informal nature of physical education activities offers opportunities for the
development of a high level of self-esteem and ability to cope with routine stresses of
daily living.

Social Development
It is the development and maintenance of a meaningful interpersonal relationship.

Mental Development
Through participation in physical education activities, the individual develops his
mental capacities as he learns the principles, rules and strategies of games and sports.

Benefits of Physical Education

There are several benefits that people can obtain from physical education.
1. Physical Education activates sedentary or inactive life style. In today’s modern technology-
centered world that limits movements and action; Physical Education could encourage people to
move and be more active.
2. It promotes growth and development especially during a person’s growing years. There is a
need for stretching and physical endurance exercises to achieve balance physical growth.
3. It maintains good health and fitness for adults. Age is not a reason to stop moving and
functioning as normal individual. Due to life strains and inactive lifestyle, people should engage
in an active life style through several exercises to help maintain their physical well-being.
4. Exercises and physical fitness are very helpful in the prevention of different serious illness
that usually occur in adulthood. They eliminate bad sedatives and foreign elements in our body,
which are product of today’s eating practices and inactive lifestyle.
5. It provides people sound knowledge and awareness of their body. Having sufficient
knowledge and proper understanding of the physiological, anatomical, and biochemical aspects
of one’s body is very helpful in planning the effective exercises and healthy practices from
which your body will benefit most.
6. It gives and reminds people about the importance of physical activities and the advantages
of using motor skills on games and sports. This will encourage everyone to get involved in
different physical activities like ball games and other sports.
7. It instills virtues of sportsmanship, the self-fulfillment, self-confidence, resourcefulness,
and determination that are all relevant to wholesome living.
8. It makes people physically fit.
9. It incorporate sports and aesthetic like in gymnastics, dance and music.
10. It provides relief in releasing stress, negative energy, and anxiety through physically-driven
activities that modify life and divert energy towards sounder outlook in life.
Historical Development of Physical Education
Primitive

 Physical activities were not organized.

 Physical activities were mainly to search food and depend themselves to harm and
danger.
 Physical and biological activities were at its highest level.

Ancient oriental countries:

Ancient China

 The people were concern about intellectual excellence and led a sedentary life.
 The people felt that the cause of their illnesses was their sedentary life, so KUNG FU was
developed, a form of medical gymnastics.
India

 Concentrate solely on spiritual rather than physical activities.

 YOGA their greatest contribution, exercise in posture and breathing and involves several
positions to regulate and discipline the mind.

Greece
 The two city-states that gave importance in physical activities were Spartan and Athens,
but they were exact opposite in their objectives in physical education.
 In Sparta, the main objective was to contribute a strong and powerful army. Only the
strong and vigorous babies were allowed to live. No individual freedom.
 In Athens, individual life was not controlled so people enjoyed individual freedom.

Great Contributors to Physical Education in Modern Europe

Germany

 John Bernhard Basedow (1723-1790)

- Established the first school in Europe that offered a program where physical
education was a part of the curriculum.
- The school is called “Philanthropinum”.
 Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths
(1759-1839)
- He was known as the Great Grandfather of Gymnastics.
- He wrote two books: Gymnastics for the Young and Games.
 Friedwich Ludwig John (1778-1852)
- Instilled in the youth a love for gymnastics because of his beliefs that physical
education is a means of aiding the growth and development of children.
 Adolf Spiess (1810-1858)
- It should receive the same consideration as other subjects in the curriculum.
- The physical education program should be progressive, from simple exercise to the
more difficult.
Sweden

 Per Henrick Ling (1776-1839)

- Establish the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics to prepare teachers in three (3)
categories of gymnastics: education, military and medical.
His objectives:
- To develop the body to its fullest extent.
 - To restore health to the weak.
- To make the country strong to protect against aggressors.
 Lars Gabriel Branting (1799-1881)
- Spent his time in medical gymnastics.
- His teaching were based on the premise that physical activity causes changes in the
muscular, nervous and circulatory system.
Denmark

 Franz Nachtegall (1777-1947)

- Introduced physical education into the school of Denmark.
- First director of the Training School for Teachers of Gymnastics in the Army.
- Director of Gymnastics for All Denmark.
 Niels Bukh
- Introduced “Primitive Gymnastics”.

Activity/Evaluation

ACTIVITY 1

Knowledge Check:
1. How do find PE as integral part of the education process?
2. What is the purpose of PE in schools?
3. How physical education develops a total person?
4. Explain the four (4) types of development. Give some situation.
5. Who are the contributors of physical education?

ACTIVITY 2
Read each statement and identify whether it pertains to:
a. Emotional Development c. Physical Development
b. Social Development d. Mental Development
_____1. Well-shaped body is the end result of participation in P.E. activities.
_____2. Acquisition of skills can motivate an individual to participate further in P.E. activities.
_____3. Participation in P.E. activities provides opportunities for the development of desirable
traits needed for adjustment in life.
_____4. An individual can’t carry out certain task alone.
_____5. Everybody wants to belong to somebody.
_____6. Appreciation of beautiful performances and self-expression are being developed as an
individual participates in P.E. activities.
_____7. Understanding the rules and strategies of games and dances.
_____8. Acquisition of fundamental skills in games and sports.
_____9. Ability to cope with routine stresses of daily living.
_____10. A learner seldom gets into physical activities by himself.