Activity No. 8

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KADIL, RIDZMA U.

BSN-1M

Ge 4
Activity No. 8 for Pre-Final

1. Sales of milk (in liters) in company A for one week are recorded as follows. Test the
hypothesis that the sales of milk are not the same over the entire week. Use ά = 0.05

Days Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun

Sale 140 170 150 137 148 `175 165

O E (O-E) (O-E)² (O−E)²


E

140 155 -15 225 1.45

170 155 15 225 1.45

150 155 -5 25 0.16

137 155 -18 324 2.09

148 155 -7 49 0.32

175 155 20 400 2.58

165 155 10 100 0.65

TOTAL 1,085 ¿
ΣO−E ¿ ² E = 8.69 OR 8.7

DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Df = n-1
Df = 7-1
Df = 6
2
X 6 = 12.59
- WE REJECT THE ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS AND ACCEPT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS.

2. Responses of 50 randomly selected Medical Technology students about Biostatistics


are shown below. Test the hypothesis that the responses of the said students are
different.
Responses

No Difficulty Little Difficulty Average Difficulty Much Difficulty Extreme


Difficulty

10 13 17 6 4

O E (O-E) (O-E)² (O−E)²


E
10 10 0 0 0

13 10 3 9 0.9

17 10 7 49 4.9

6 10 -4 16 1.6

4 10 -6 36 3.6

TOTAL 50 ¿
ΣO−E ¿ ²
E = 11

NULL HYPOTHESIS: H 0 = equal responses


ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS: H A = unequal responses
DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Df = (r-1) (c-1)
Df = (2-1) (2-1)
Df = 1
X 21 = 3.84
- WE REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS

3. A clinical trial on the use of aspirin to prevent heart attack was conducted.
Approximately equal number of subjects were assigned to placebo group and aspirin
group as shown below

Aspirin Use Heart Attack

Yes No

Placebo 189 10845

Aspirin 104 10933


O E (O-E) (O-E)² (O−E)²
E
189 146.48 42.52 1807.95 12.34

104 146.52 -42.52 1807.95 12.34

10,845 10,887.52 -42.52 1807.95 0.17

10,933 10,890.48 -42.52 1807.95 0.17

TOTAL (O−E)²
Σ = 25.02
E

NULL HYPOTHESIS: H 0 = equal responses


ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS: H A = unequal responses
DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Df = (r-1) (c-1)
Df = (2-1) (2-1)
Df = 1
2
X 1 = 3.84
- WE REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS

4. Consider the data shown below. Test the hypothesis that the proportions on
prevalence of lung cancer among smoker and non-smoker are different. Used 0.05 level
of significance.

Smoking Status Cancer

Lung Cancer No Lung Cancer

Smoker 85 205

Non-Smoker 45 370

O E (O−E)²
E
85 53.47 18.59

205 236.52 4.20


45 76.52 12.98

370 338.48 2.93

TOTAL (O−E)²
Σ = 38.7
E

NULL HYPOTHESIS: H 0 = equal prevalence


ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS: H A = unequal prevalence
DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Df = (r-1)(c-1)
Df = (2-1)(2-1)
Df = 1
2
X 1 = 3.84
- WE REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS

5. Distribution of male Filipinos ages 15 and over classified according to smoking


behavior and age-group is summarized below. Is smoking behavior dependent of age-
group?

Age-Group Smoking Status

Non-Smoker Current Ex-Smoker


Smoker

65 and over 308 39 25

15-19 255 170 40

20-24 202 278 56

25-34 292 497 91

35-44 219 390 98

45-54 138 301 82

55-64 105 163 81

65 and over 90 93 95
O E (O−E)²
E
308 145.70 180.79

255 182.13 29.15

202 209.94 0.30

292 344.67 12.11

219 276.91 21.38

138 204.06 8.95

105 136.69 7.35

90 108.89 3.28

39 174.86 105.56

170 218.58 10.80

278 251.95 2.69

497 413.65 16.79

390 332.33 10.00

301 244.900 12.85

163 164.05 0.0067

93 130.68 10.86

25 51.43 13.58

40 64.29 9.18

56 74.11 4.42

91 121.67 7.73

98 97.75 0.00064

82 72.04 1.38

81 48.25 22.23

95 38.44 83.22
TOTAL (O−E)²
Σ = 573.71
E

DEGREE OF FREEDOM
DF = (3-1) (8-1)
DF = (2) (7)
DF = 14
2
X 2 (0.05) = 23.68
- WE REJECT THE NULL HYPOTHESIS

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