KCG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,

CHENNAI.

REPORT ON
ROCKET PROPULSION

SUBMITTED BY

SHAJAN V
HARISSH T
EZHILARASAN

III YEAR

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE
ENGINEERING

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TABLE OF CONTENT:

1. Introduction
2. Rocket propulsion
3. Generation of Thrust
4. Rocket equation
5. Specific impulse
6. Types of engines
7. Generation of thrust the rocket equation
8. Types of rocket propulsion
9. Blue Origin BE-4 Engine
10. Launch vehicle parameters configuration
11. Structures and design
12. Performance
13. Conclusion
14. Reference
1.

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1. INTRODUCTION:

This is an introductory course on rocket propulsion. The objective of this is to impart knowledge
about rocket propulsion. In this the fundamentals aspects of rocket propulsion namely solid, liquid, and
hybrid rocket engines are to be covered extensively. Also the performance of rocket engine and heat
transfer of various components of rocket engine.

And also specially discus about the BLUE ORIGIN BE-4 which is the most powerful liquified
natural gas fueled rocket engine ever developed, using an oxygen rich staged combustion cycle. BE-4 is
capable of producing 2400 KN thrust with deep throttle capability.

As we choose LNG because its highly efficient, low cost and widely available unlike kerosene. It
also possesses clean combustion characters even at low throttle simplfying engine reuse compared to
kerosene fuels.

2. ROCKET PROPULSION:

It is defined as the force that is used by rocket to takeoof from the ground and into the atmosphere.
The main principle on which rocket propulsion works is based on Newtons third law of motion. The
combustion produces hot exhaust which is passed through nozzle to accelerate the flow and produce
thrust.

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As the rocket engines operate they are continiously ejecting burned fuelgas which have both mass and
velocity and some momentum. By the conservation of momentum the rockets momentum changes, as
the fuel ejected is constant which means the rate of rocket momentum is constant.

As time goes on the mass of rockrt continiously decrease, the resulting acceleration is continiously
increasing.

3. GENERATION OF THRUST:

The word thurst is simply a scientific way of describing a push. The thrust of rocket engines
depend on two mainvariables: the mass of exhaust gas and velocity of these gases. A rocket engine
produces thrust by burning a fuel and an oxidizer inside of a combustion chamber. The combustion
creates hot gases which produces pressure.

4. THRUST EQUATION:

Thrust is a mechanical force which is generated through the reaction of accelerating a mass of gas, as
explained by Newtons third law of motion. A gas on working fluid is accelerated to the rear and the
engine is accelerated in the opposite direction.

In the above, the heavy line represent the shape of the rocket engine. The combustion chamber is to
the left and nozzle is to the right. A certain amount of fuel, is defined by

mass as m, is burned at a certain pressure Pc, inside of the compression chamber. It produces hot gases
which exit through the nozzle. The pressure at which the air gets intake is Po. The hot gas leave through
the nozzle isPe thatis the pressure at exit. Ve be the velocity at exit and the area of exit at the nozzle
region. In the diagram the m dot(ṁ) which signify the mass rate through the chamber and is in unit of
mass per second.

ṁ=m÷t

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 The thrust equation of rocket is to be as follows,

F=ṁ*Ve+(Pe-Po)*Ae

This equation says that the thrust of the rocket, its force F is equal to ṁ times the exit velocity of the
gas plus the difference in pressure at the nozzle exit times the area of the nozzle exit. This also
represents the important concept of rocket engines such as the over expanded, under expanded .

5. SPECIFIC IMPULSE:

Specific impulse is a measure of how efficiently a reaction mass engine creates thrust. It was stated
that Isp defines the efficiency of rocket. It also relates the amount of fuel used to produce a certain
amount of thrust for a certain duration of time. It is symabolized as Isp.

Isp=F.t ÷ m.g = F÷ ṁ.g

 F is the thrust obtained from engine.

 Ṁ is the mass flow rate of propellant.
 g is the standard gravity.

6. TYPES OF ENGINES:

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 The comparision of specific impulse of various engines have been attached above. The specific
impulse is the change in momentum per unit mass. The specific impulse of Blue origin BE-4 will be
disused briefly later.

The LH2-LOX propellant has the highest specific impulse of any commonly used rocket fuel.
Whereas this propellant is used as efficient fuel in the engine of Blue Origin BE-4 .

Rocket propulsion
7.Generation of thrust the rocket equation
What is thrust:
Thrust is the force which moves a rocket through the air, or through space. Thrust is generated by
the propulsion system of the rocket

How is thrust generated:

Thrust is a mechanical force which is generated through the reaction of accelerating a mass of gas,
as explained by Newton's third law of motion. A gas or working fluid is accelerated to the rear
and the engine and rocket are accelerated in the opposite direction. To accelerate the gas, we need
some kind of propulsion system. We will discuss the details of various propulsion systems on some
other pages. For right now, let us just think of the propulsion system as some machine which
accelerates a gas.
From Newton's second law of motion, we can define a force F to be the change in momentum of an
object with a change in time. Momentum is the object's mass m times the velocity V. So, between
two times t1 and t2, the force is given by:
F = ((m * V)2 - (m * V)1) / (t2 - t1)

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 

8.TYPES OF ROCKET PROPULSION:

 Solid fuel chemical propulsion
 Liquid fuel chemical propulsion
 Cold-gas chemical propulsion
 Ion propulsion

The solid motor is used mainly as a booster for launch vehicles. Solid motors are almost never used
in space because they are not controllable. The boosters are lit and then they fire until all the
propellant has burned. Their main benefits are simplicity, a shelf life which can extend to years as
in the case of missiles, and high reliability.
Liquid motors come in many shapes and sizes: Most of them are controllable (can be throttled up
and down), restorable, and are often used as control and maneuvering thrusters. Liquid thrusters can
be broken into three main types: monopropellant, bipropellant, and cryogenic thrusters.
Monopropellants only use one propellant such as hydrazine. Bipropellants use fuel and oxidizers
such as RP-1 and H2O2. Cryogenic systems use liquefied gases such as Lihi and LOX (liquid
hydrogen and liquid oxygen). Cryogenic means supercooled. You would have to super-cool
hydrogen and oxygen to make them liquids. With each step from monopropellant to bipropellant to
cryogenic the thruster complexity goes up but the performance also goes up.

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 Cold-gas motors have controllability similar to liquids but are simpler and lighter. They are
basically a high-pressure tank with switches which flip between the open and shut state. They
function a little like spray paint, with the contents under pressure inside, and when the valve is
opened, they stream out.
Ion engines are vastly different from chemical (solid, liquid) engines in that they are low thrust
engines which can run for extended periods of time. The length of use of chemical engines is
usually from seconds to days while the length of use of ion engines can be anywhere from days to
months.

PARAMETERS AND PERFORMANCE OF LAUNCH VEHICLE:

The primary goal of launch vehicle designers is to maximize the vehicle’s weight-lifting capability
while at the same time providing an adequate level of reliability at an acceptable cost. Achieving a
balance among these three factors is challenging. In order for the launch vehicle to lift off of
Earth, its upward thrust must be greater than the combined weight of its spacecraft payload, the
vehicle’s propellants, and its structure. This puts a premium on making the
vehicle’s mechanical structure, fuel tanks, and rocket engines as light as possible but strong enough
to withstand the forces and stresses associated with rapid acceleration through a resistant
atmosphere. Most often, propellant makes up 80 percent or more of the total weight of a launch
vehicle–spacecraft combination prior to launch.

STAGES :
A basic approach to launch vehicle design, first suggested by Konstantin , is to divide the vehicle
into “stages.” The first stage is the heaviest part of the vehicle and has the largest rocket engines, the
largest fuel and oxidizer tanks, and the highest thrust; its task is to impart the initial thrust needed to
overcome Earth’s gravity and thus to lift the total weight of the vehicle and its payload off of Earth.
When the first-stage propellants are used up, that stage is detached from the remaining parts of the
launch vehicle and falls back to Earth, either into the ocean or onto sparsely populated territory.
With the weight of the first stage gone, a second stage, with its own rocket engines and propellants,
continues to accelerate the vehicle. Most expendable launch vehicles in use today have only two or
three stages, but in the past up to five stages, each lighter than its predecessor, were needed to attain
orbital velocity. When an upper stage has completed its mission, it either falls back to Earth’s
surface, enters orbit itself, or, most frequently, disintegrates and evaporates as it encounters
atmospheric heating on its fall back toward Earth.

FUEL :
The fuel used to power rockets can be divided into two broad categories: liquid and solid. Liquid
fuels can range from widely available substances such as ordinary kerosene, which can be used at
ground temperature, to liquid hydrogen, which must be maintained at the extremely low
temperature of 20
°K (−253 °C, or −423 °F). Liquid hydrogen is called a cryogenic fuel. Another type of liquid fuel,

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called hypergolic, ignites spontaneously on contact with an oxidizer; such fuels are usually some
forms of hydrazine. Hypergolic fuels are extremely toxic and thus difficult to handle. However,
because of their reliable ignition and their ability to restart, they are used in the first or second
stages of some rockets and in other applications such as orbital maneuvering motors. During the
Apollo program they were used to lift the crew compartment of the lunar module off the Moon’s
surface.

PAYLOAD :
The spacecraft that a launch vehicle carries into space is almost always attached to the top of the
vehicle. During the transit of the atmosphere, the payload is protected by some sort of fairing,
often made of lightweight composite material. Once the launch vehicle is beyond the densest part
of the atmosphere, this fairing is shed. After the spacecraft reaches initial orbit velocity, it may be
detached from the launch vehicle’s final upper stage to begin its mission. Alternatively, if the
spacecraft is intended to be placed in other than a low Earth orbit, the upper-stage rocket engine
may be shut down for a period as the spacecraft payload coasts in orbit. Then the engine is
restarted to impart the additional velocity needed to move the payload to a higher Earth orbit or to
inject it into a trajectory that will carry it deeper into space.

NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL :

For a launch vehicle to place a spacecraft in the intended orbit, it must have navigation, guidance,
and control capabilities. Navigation is needed to determine the vehicle’s position, velocity, and
orientation at any point in its trajectory. As these variables are measured, the vehicle’s guidance
system determines what course corrections are needed to steer the vehicle to its desired target.
Control systems are used to implement guidance commands through movements of the vehicle’s
rocket engines or changes in the direction of the vehicle’s thrust. Navigation, guidance, and control
for most launch vehicles are achieved by a combination of complex software, computers, and other
hardware devices.

LAUNCH BASES :

Most launch vehicles take off from sites on land, although a few are air- or sea-launched. To
function as a launch base, a particular location must have facilities for assembling the launch
vehicle, handling its fuel, preparing a spacecraft for launch, making the spacecraft and launch
vehicle, and checking them out for launch readiness. In addition, it must have launchpads and the
capability to monitor the launch after liftoff and ensure safety in the launch range. This usually
requires a significant amount of land located away from heavily populated areas but with good air,
sea, rail, or land access for transport of various components. Other desirable characteristics include
a location that allows the initial stages of launch, when the first stages are separated and most
launch accidents happen, to take place over water or sparsely populated land areas.

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Many satellites are intended to be placed in a geostationary orbit. Geostationary orbit is located
35,785 km (22,236 miles) above the Equator. Spacecraft launched from a base near the Equator
require less maneuvering, and therefore use less fuel to reach this orbit than spacecraft launched
from higher latitudes. Fuel saving translates into either a lighter spacecraft or additional fuel that
can be used to extend the operating life of the satellite.
The benefits of an equatorial location do not apply to launches into a polar or near-polar orbit
since there is no added velocity from Earth’s rotation for launches in a northward or southward
direction. Launch bases used for polar orbits do need to have a clear path over water or empty
land for the initial stages of a launch.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF LAUNCH VEHICLE :

There are four major components to any full-scale rocket; the structural system, or frame, the
payload system, the guidance system, and the propulsion system. The structural system of a
rocket includes all of the parts which make up the frame of the rocket; the cylindrical body, the
fairings, and any control fins. The function of the structural system is to transmit the loads from
the forces generated during the flight and to provide low aerodynamic drag for flight through the
atmosphere.
Rocket structures must be strong but light weight The performance of the rocket depends directly
on the weight of the structure. A variety of mass ratios are used to characterize the structural
weight of a rocket. The distribution of the structural weight also affects the center of gravity of the
rocket which, in turn, affects the stability and control of the rocket. During the flight of a rocket to
orbit, some parts of the structure are discarded in a process called staging

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On this slide, we show a picture of an Atlas rocket on the left and a picture of the Saturn V first stage
at the right. The Atlas rocket was developed in the late 1950's as an intercontinental ballistic missile.
Two sustainer rocket engines were discarded during the launch, but the entire central sustainer
section went into orbit. Saturn V was a three-stage rocket that sent astronauts to the Moon in 1969.
The first stage was 138 feet tall, 33 feet in diameter, and weighed 305,000 pounds (about 138345.56
kg) empty. The stage was filled with 4.5 million pounds (about 2041164 kg) of propellants prior to
launch. In the figure, the first stage is being lifted into the vertical launch position within the Vehicle
Assembly Building (VAB) at the Kennedy Space Flight Center.
On the web page which describes the major systems of a rocket, we group the various parts
according to function. The major systems include the structural systems, the payload systems, the
guidance systems and the propulsion systems. On this page we group the parts in a slightly
different manner according to mass. We assign a mass variable to three major parts; the mass of the
payload is noted by md, the total mass of the propellants is noted by mp, and the mass of all of the
rest of the rocket, excluding the payload and the propellant, is noted by the structural mass Ms. The
engine pumps and nozzle are grouped with the propulsion system according to function, but kept
with the structure according to mass.
We are making the distinction according to mass because the mass of some parts of the rocket is
always the same and some changes with time. During the launch the propellants are burned and
exhausted out the nozzle. To evaluate the performance of a rocket during a burn, we must account
for the momentous change in weight in the equations of motion. Engineers have developed several
dimensionless parameters to characterize the weight of a full-scale rocket. We have listed some of
these mass ratios on this page.
The empty mass, denoted by me, is the sum of the payload and structural mass of the rocket:

me = MS + md
The empty mass is the mass of the vehicle at the end of a burn, assuming all the propellant has
been consumed. The full mass, denoted by mf, is the mass at the beginning of the burn and is
equal to the sum of the mass of the payload, propellant, and structure:
mf = MS + md + mp
mf = me + mp
The propellant mass ratio is denoted MR and is equal to the ratio of the full mass to the empty
mass:
MR = mf / me
MR = 1 + mp / me

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The ideal rocket equation indicates that the total change in velocity during a burn depends on the
natural log of the mass ratio. So, we want the ratio to be a substantial number to produce a
momentous change in velocity. Another way to look at this parameter is that a large propellant
mass ratio implies that the empty weight to hold the propellant is exceedingly small.
The payload ratio is denoted by the Greek letter lambda and is equal to the mass of the
payload divided by mass of the propellant and the structure:
lambda = md / (mp + MS)

lambda = md / (mf - md)

We want the payload ratio to be a substantial number. This indicates that a large payload can be
lofted with a small amount of propellant. The last mass ratio is the structural coefficient, denoted
by the Greek letter epsilon, and equal to the mass of the structure divided by the mass of the
structure plus propellant.
epsilon = MS / (mp + MS)
This parameter is independent of the payload that is launched and is a measure of the efficiency of
the booster design. A small value of this coefficient indicates a superior design. With a little
algebra, you can show that:
MR = (1 + lambda) / (epsilon + lambda)
Again, we desire a large payload ratio, a small structural coefficient, and a large mass ratio.

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 9. BLUE ORIGIN BE-4 ENGINE

The Blue Engine BE-4 is an oxygen rich liquefied natural gas fueled staged combustion rocket
engine under development by Blue Origin. The BE-4 is being developed with private and public
funding. The engine has been designed to produce 2.4 Mega newtons of thrust at sea level

It was initially planned for the engine to be used exclusively on a Blue Origin proprietary launch
vehicle New Glenn, the company's first orbital rocket. However, it was announced in 2014 that the
engine would also be used on the United Launch Alliance (ULA) Vulcan Centaur launch vehicle, the
successor to the Atlas V launch vehicle. Final engine selection by ULA happened in September
2018.

Although previously planned to fly as early as 2019, the first flight test of the new engine is now
expected no earlier than 2022 on the Vulcan rocket. The engine is running three years behind as of
August 2022, and Blue Origin has experienced a number of problems, both technical and managerial,
with the engine development program, leaving the engine still not yet flight-qualified. While flight
engines have not been delivered, pathfinder engines are currently undergoing testing at ULA
facilities, and flight engines are being built.

 DEVELOPMENT:
Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne in 2012, Blue Origin president Rob Meyerson saw an opportunity to
fill a gap in the defense industrial base. Blue Origin publicly entered the liquid rocket engine
business by partnering with ULA on the development of the BE-4, and working with other
companies. And the development programs were under way. One program was testing full-scale
versions of the BE-4 powerpack, which are the set of valves and turbopumps that provide the proper
fuel/oxidizer mix to the injectors and combustion chamber.
The second development program was testing subscale versions of the engine's injectors. The
company planned to begin full-scale engine testing in late 2016 and expected to complete
development of the engine in 2017.

 BLUE ORIGIN BE-4 :

Development of the BE-4 engine is fully funded by Blue Origin, with investment by ULA, and offers
the fastest path to a domestic alternative to the RD-180. Development is on schedule to achieve
qualification for flight in 2017 to support the first Vulcan flight in 2019.

By February 2019, the BE-4 had acquired a total of 1800 seconds of hot fire testing on ground test
stands, but had yet to be tested above 1.8 meganewtons (400,000 lbf) pounds of thrust, about 73
percent of the engine's rated thrust of 2.4 MN (550,000 lbf).

The BE-4 is a liquid oxygen, liquefied natural gas (LNG) rocket engine that delivers 550,000-lbf of
thrust at sea level. Two BE-4s would power each ULA Vulcan booster, providing 1,100,000-lbf
thrust at liftoff.  Vulcan will launch from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force
Station in Florida and Space Launch Complex 3 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. ULA is
teaming in the development of the BE-4 to enable availability for national security, civil, human and
commercial missions.  Development of the BE-4 engine has been underway for more than four years
and testing of the BE-4 components is ongoing at Blue Origin’s test facilities in West Texas.

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 10. LAUNCH VEHICLE PARAMETERS CONFIGURATION
Country of origin United States

Manufacturer Blue Origin

Status Currently in use

Liquid-fuel engine Propellant LOX / CH4

Thrust, sea-level 2.4 MN (240 tf; 540,000 lbf)

Cycle Full-flow staged combustion

Pumps 2 turbopumps

Chamber Pressure 134 bar (1,940 psi; 13.4 MPa)

Gimbal range ±5°

PERFORMANCE:

Thrust 2.4 MN (550,000 lbf) at full power

Throttle range 40 – 100%
Thrust-to-weight ratio 140, sea-level
Chamber pressure 13.4 MPa (1,950 psi)
26  MPa (3,700 psi)
Specific impulse, vacuum 346 sec 346 sec +/-3 sec
Specific impulse, sea-level 312 sec 312 sec +/-1 sec
Thrust coefficient  1.6856

DIMENSIONS:

Length 7.0-meter (23 ft)

Dry weight 1,600 kg (3,500 lb)

Used in Blue Origin orbital launch vehicle New Glenn

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 PROPELLANT SPECIFICATION:
Component Temp [K] Mass fraction Mole fraction

CH4(L) 111.6 0.2286613 0.3715842

O2(L) 90.2 0.7713387 0.6284158

Total: 1.0000000 1.0000000

 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES:

Parameter Injector Nozzle inlet Nozzle throat Nozzle exit Unit

Pressure 13.4000 13.4000 7.7479 0.1013 MPa

Temperature 3633.4053 3633.4053 3449.6604 2120.8213 K
Enthalpy -1584.7448 -1584.7448 -2320.7245 -6733.3422 kJ/kg
Entropy 11.9543 11.9543 11.9543 11.9543 kJ/(kg·K)
Specific heat 6.4073 6.4073 6.2065 2.3677 kJ/(kg·K)
(p=const)

Specific heat 5.4605 5.4605 5.3268 2.0007 kJ/(kg·K)

(V=const)

Gas constant 0.3818 0.3818 0.3771 0.3559 kJ/(kg·K)

Molecular 21.7772 21.7772 22.0482 23.3617
weight

Isentropic 1.1344 1.1344 1.1315 1.1828

exponent

Density 9.6596 9.6596 5.9559 0.1342 kg/m³

Sonic velocity 1254.4618 1254.4618 1213.2454 944.8885 m/s
Velocity 0.0000 0.0000 1213.2454 3208.9242 m/s
Mach number 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 3.3961
Area ratio 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 16.7747
Mass flux 0.0000 0.0000 7225.9842 430.7661 kg/(m²·s)

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 11 .STRUCTURES AND DESIGN

We chose LNG because it is highly efficient, low cost and widely available. Unlike kerosene, LNG
can be used to self-pressurize its tank. Known as auto genous repressurization, this eliminates the
need for costly and complex systems that draw on Earth’s scarce helium reserves. LNG also
possesses clean combustion characteristics even at low throttle, simplifying engine reuse compared
to kerosene fuels.

BE-4 was designed from the beginning to be a medium-performing version of a high-performance

architecture. It’s a conscious design choice made to lower development risk while meeting
performance, schedule and reusability requirements. With our hardware-rich approach, multiple
developmental units and redundant test stands enable a high test tempo and rapid learning.

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17
 PERFORMANCE:

By 2017, the BE-4 was being considered for use on two launch vehicles then under
development. Prior to this, a modified derivative of the BE-4 was also being considered for
the experimental XS-1 spaceplane for a US military project, but was not selected. By 2018, it
was the selected engine for both the Blue Origin New Glenn and the ULA Vulcan launch
vehicles.

The BE-4 is a staged-combustion engine, with a single oxygen-rich preburner, and a single turbine

driving both the fuel and oxygen pumps. The cycle is similar to the kerosene-fueled RD-
180 currently used on the Atlas V, although it uses only a single combustion chamber and nozzle.
The BE-4 is designed for long life and high reliability, partially by aiming the engine to be a
"medium-performing version of a high-performance architecture".Hydrostatic bearings are used in
the turbopumps rather than the more typical ball and roller bearings specifically to increase reliability
and service life.

 Thrust (sea level): 2.4 MN (550,000 lbf) at full power

 Chamber pressure: 13.4 MPa (1,950 psi), substantially lower than the 26 MPa (3,700 psi) of the
RD-180 engine that ULA wants to replace
 Designed for reusability — up to 100 flights and landings Relightable in-flight via head-pressure
start of the turbine during coast
 Deep throttling capability to 40% power or lower

 VELOCITY (VS) THRUST CHART:

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 12 .COMPARISON WITH OTHER ENGINES:

Thrus
Specific t-to-
Engine Rockets Thrust impulse, Propella Cycle
weigh t nt
vacuum ratio

Raptor sea- ~350 s (3,400 200

m/s) (goal) Full-
level 2,200 kN
Starship LCH4 / flow
(500,000 lbf)
LO X staged
combu
~380 s (3,700 sti on
Raptor
m/s) <120
vacuum

914 kN 311 s
Merlin 1D Falcon (3,050 m/s)
(205,000 lbf) 176 RP-1 /
sea- level booster
LOX Gas
stage
(subcooled generat
) or
934 kN 348 s
Merlin Falcon (210,000 lbf) (3,410 m/s)
1D upper 180
vacuum stage

2,400 kN
Blue New (550,000 lbf) LCH4 /
Origin BE- Glenn, Vulcan LO X
4

7,904 kN 337.2 s (3,307

Energomash Energia, (1,777,000 lbf 79.57
m/s) Oxidize
RD- Zenit, So
) r- rich
170/171M yuz-5
stage d
combus
4,152 kN 338 s RP-1 / ti on
Energomas (933,000 lbf)[8 (3,310 m/s) LOX
Atlas III, 78.44[81]
h RD-180 1] [81]
Atlas V

2,090 kN 337.5 s (3,310

Energomas (470,000 lbf)
Angara, m/s) 89
h RD-
Antares
191/181

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 1,638 kN 331 s
Kuznetsov NK 136.66
N1, Soyuz-2- (368,000 lbf) (3,250 m/s)
-33
1v

Energomas 1,832 kN 315.8 s (3,097 N2O4 /

Proton-M 174.5
h RD-275M (412,000 lbf) m/s) UD MH

453 s Fuel-
Rocketdyne Space 2,280 kN LH2 / LOX rich
(510,000 lbf) (4,440 m/s) 73
R S-25 Shuttl staged
e, SLS combust
i on
Aerojet 3,560 kN 414 s
Rocketdyne Delta IV LH2 / LOX Gas
(800,000 lbf) (4,060 m/s) 51 generator
R S-68A

Rocketdyne 7,740 kN 304 s Gas

F- 1 Saturn V (1,740,000 lbf (2,980 m/s) 83 RP-1 / generator
) LOX

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CONCLUSION:

 Blue origin BE - 4 engine is a game-changer for the space industry. Not only is it more
powerful than any other engine currently in use, but it’s also reusable. This means that
Blue origin can launch rockets at a fraction of the cost of their competitors.

 The knowledge that has been obtained through the rocket technology has brought
commercialization of space ever closer. The Blue origin BE-4 with the launch vehicle New
Glenn and also used with the United Launch Vehicle Vulcan Centaur.

 Thus the discussion about the engine is over and a slight comparison with Raptor is below

 What are Blueorigin BE - 4 engine and why are they important?

 Supply chain awesomeness aside, the Blue origin BE - 4 engine have a huge responsibility in
this space industry

REFERENCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BE-4#:~:text=The%20Blue%20E4ngine%204%20or,of
%20thrust%20at%20sea%20level.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_engine

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BE-4

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_rocket_engines

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