head: TCH Lenk & THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES. EXAMINATIONS OF December 2005 Code and Name of Course: CHNG 2004 Separation Processes | Peper. Date and Time: Friday 09 December 2005, 9:00 am Duration: 3 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: This paper has 5 pages and 6 questions. NB. Calculators may be used in this examination. They must be silent, cordless and non- programmable. Calculators will be examined to ensure thet they comply with these specified requirements. All diagrams used must be detached and inserted into your answer book. ANSWER ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS 1, A binary mixture of methanoi-water containing 60 mole % methanol is charged to a bach still with two equilibrium stages operating at a pressure of 1 bar. ‘The distillation is carried out until 60 % of the charge (on molar basis} has been taken as distillate product. A total condenser is used and the reflux is at boiling point. The still operaies af a constant reflux ratio of 1.0. Stating clearly any assumption made, determine the mean composition of the overhead product. Equilibrium diagram for methanol-water at 1 bar pressure is provided. 2- What is the difference between a flash distillation and an equilibrium distillation? B Marks A flash distillation charabcr operating at 101.3 kPa is operating on an ethanol-water mixture. The feed mixture is 40 mole % ethanol. a. What is the maximum vapour composition? 5 Markl b. What is the minimum liquid composition that can be obtained? 5 Marka ¢. 1f40.% of the feed is vaporised as distillate, what are the liquid and vapour compositions? ¢. Repeat step (c), given that feed is specified as 1000 kmoles hr". ‘The equilibrium relationship of the ethanol-water mixture at 101.3 kPa pressure is provided, OThe Univers of the Wont Inciogpage 2 A six-plate stripping column provided with a still is required to strip ethanol from a 45.% wiv ethanol ‘water mixture, ‘The bottoms are to contain 2 % ww ethanol with 1.78 % ethanol loss in the bottoms. ‘The feed is introduced at the top plate and the heat supplied to the still is 1.07 x 10°KI kg" of feed. The feed isa 69 °C and the column operates at normal atmospheric pressure. Boiling point of feed is 82.7°C, Assume that the specific heat of the feed is independent of temperature. Estimate: a) . overall efficiency of plates b) reflux ratio ©), heat load on condenser per kg of feed. Equilibrium data at stmospheric pressure: Temperature | Liquid comp. | Liquid Enthalpy | Vapour comp. | Vapour Enthalpy °c _W% kg" Wi% Kk” 782 [960 2095 960 1142 783 90.0 221.0 SNS 1212 9S 76.0 244.5, $5.0 1318 82.2 48.5 279.5 710 1457 85.0 29.0 326.0 71.0 1550. 87.8 19.0 349.0 64.0 1655 90.5 12.5 361.0 57.0 1771 93.4 8.0 373.0 47.0 1935 961 40 396.0 33.0 2170 99.0 1.0 419.0 11.0 2515 a. Explain how Baker (graphical coustruction) method is used in calculating the number of transfer units ina packed column, b. Using Baker’s method, calculate the effective height of # packed column required to remove 95 percent of a solute gas from air containing 0.02 mole fraction of solute using water with 0.005 mole fraction of solute by counter-current absorption. The height of individual gas film and Fiwuid film transfer units are 0.4m and 0.3m respectively, and the waler mae to gas male ratio is recommended 10 be 15 times its minimum, The equilibrium relationship is given by y* ~ 0.0125x, where x and y are the sole fractions of the solute in the liquid and vapour, respectively. Bo Marie 5S, The concentration of a solute in a gas stream is to be reduced from 2.0 mole% to 0.1 mole% with a pure solvent in a countet-corrent plate column. The Murphree plate efficiency based on the gas phase is 50% and the liquid rate is 1.3 times its minimum. The equilibrium relationship is given by y* = 0.5 x”, where x and y are the molc fractions of the solute in the liquid and vapour, respectively. Caloulate: a. The actual number of plates. [Is Mari b. The overall column efficicncy [10 Marka @The University of the Wast Indies Courne Cova: CHNG 2006 0052096 SThe University of the West Indies: a page 3 ‘An 11.5 wt % mixture of acetic acid in water is to be extracted with I-butanol at atmospheric pressure and 26.7 °C in a counter-current immiscible extraction process. It is desirous to have outlet ‘concentrations of 0.5 wt % In the water and 9.6 wt % in the butanol. Inlet butanol is pure. Find the number of equilibrium stages required and the ratio of water flow rate to butanol flow rate. The same 11.5 wi % aqueous solution of acetic acid processed in part (a) is now trested in a cross- flow system with the same number of siages and the same amount of solvent (pure 1-butanol), but now it will be divided equally among all stages. Operation is at 1 atm and 26.7 °C. Find the outlet concentrations of all streams. ‘The distribution Coefficient for immiscible extraction of acetic acid /Awater with |-butanol at these conditions is : ; y K, = 421613 dx “A Where ya and x, are the weight fractions of acetic acid in 1-butanol and water respectively.0.2 mole fraction METHANOL in vapour phase G 9.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Diagram for Question | The University of te Weat indies. Course Code; CHNG 2004 200642100page S Diagram for Question 2 - Vapour-liquid equilibrium diagram for ethanol-water at 101.3 kN m?, ye and xg are the mole fractions of ethanol in the vapour and liquid respectively. The University of the Weat Indiow Courne Code: GHNG 2004 2008712709