MGM’s POLYTECHNIC, AURANGABAD

2021-2022
Micro Project Report
On
“Study of soil and its field application in Civil Engineering”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for ‘I’ Scheme fourth semester of

Diploma in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By
21155 SALVE ABHILASHA (2015010056)

21156 KOTKAR SNEHA (2015010057)

21157 KULKARNI NIRJARA (2015010058)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Danish Ali

(Lecturer)

In Pursuit of Excellence

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,

Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai

Certificate of Completion

This is to certify that Ms. Salve Abhilasha, Kotkar Sneha, Kulkarni Nirjara with Enrollment No

2015010056, 2015010057, 2015010058 has successfully completed his/her Micro-Project entitled

"Study of soil and its field application in civil engineering" in the Course/Subject of

"Geotechnical Engineering "in the fourth semester during his/her tenure of completing the

Diploma programme in Civil Engineering From MGM's Polytechnic institute with institute code

1501.

Prof. Danish Ali Prof.A.P.Domale

Guide HOD
Civil Department Civil Department

Dr. B.M Patil

Principal
 INDEX

Sr. No. Content Page No.

Micro-Project Proposal

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 4

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed 4

3.0 Proposed Methodology 4

4.0 Action Plan 4

5.0 Resources Required 4

6.0 Resources Required 4

Micro-Project Report

1.0 Rationale 5

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 5

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved 5

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed 5

5.0 Actual Resources Used 11

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects 11

7.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project 11

8.0 Applications of this Micro-Project 11

 Annexure – I

Micro-Project Proposal

Study of soil and its field application in civil engineering

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project

Study of soil and its field application in civil engineering

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

Suggest the type of soil for the given situation

3.0 Proposed Methodology

We have collected the information about the soil and its field application in civil
engineering. And we have seen the importance of soil , soil as construction material and so on.
And we collect the data from books and modified it. Then printed the micro project report

4.0 Action Plan

Planned Planned Name of Responsible

S. No. Details of activity
Start date Finish date Team Members
Collect the all information of the following
1 26/03/2022 27/03/2022 Kotkar Sneha
micro project
Type all the information in Microsoft word
2 28/03/2022 28/03/2022 Kulkarni Nirjara
office
3 Printout the micro project 29/03/2022 29/03/2022 Salve Abhilasha

5.0 Resources Required

S. No. Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty. Remarks

1 Microsoft word office ------ 1 ---
2 Reference book geotechnical engineering 1 ---

Name of Team Members with Roll Nos.

21155 Salve Abhilash (2015010056)

21156 Kotkar Sneha (2015010057)
21157 Kulkarni Nirjara (2015010058)

(Prof. Danish Ali)

**************
 Annexure – II

Micro-Project Report

Study of soil and its field application in civil engineering

1.0 Rationale
Soils are used as construction materials or the civil engineering structures are founded in
or on the surface of the earth. Geotechnical properties of soils influence the stability of civil
engineering structures. Most of the geotechnical properties of soils influence to each other.

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

Study of soil and its field application in civil engineering

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved

Suggest the type of soil for the given situation

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed

The Importance of Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical engineering is important because it helps prevent complications before

they happen. Without the advanced calculations and testing provided by a geotech, buildings
could see significant damage after an earthquake, slope stability shifting, ongoing
settlement, or other effects.

Geotechnical engineers should be brought on during the early planning stages of any
construction project. Doing so will help ward off potential hazards or problems later during
of even long after construction. Good developers and contractors know: It’s best to gain the
expertise and advice only a geotechnical can provide from exploration through construction.

In addition to ensuring your construction plans are feasible, a geotechnical engineer

can guide you on water mitigation, building placement, and how surrounding structures such
as walkways and parking lots will affect your project. All in all, the importance of
geotechnical engineering comes down to planning and reduction of risk pertaining to the
development and long-term investment of the project.

Importance of Soil Engineering

 Soil is a structural material, its importance in Civil Engineering becomes paramount. A
Geotechnical Engineer should have thorough knowledge of this material of structure as in the
case of any other structural material.
Study of Soil Engineering is particularly important in respect of infrastructure
development and constructions, viz., highway and airport pavements, foundations
and underground structures, retaining walls and embankments and multi-storey
buildings.
Foundation is considered the most critical part of any structure and it is on its soundness
that the stability of the entire structure depends. Since the load bearing capacity of the
foundation has a direct relationship with the soil characteristics, the importance of soil
investigation should not be underestimated.

Definition of soil as per IS:2809-1972:

Soil is the sediment or other unconsolidated accumulation of solid particles produced by
physical and chemical disintegration of rock

Soil as a Construction Material

Soil is essentially the only locally available construction material. Earth has been used
for the construction of monuments, tombs, dwellings, transportation facilities and water
retention structures.

In Foundation Design

In the design of any foundation system, the central problem is to prevent the settlements
large enough to damage the structure. Just how much settlements to permissible depends on the
size, the type and use of the structure, the type of foundation, the source is the subsoil of the
settlement, and the location of the structure. In most cases, the critical settlement is not the total
settlement but rather the differential settlement, which is the relative movement of the structure.
Design of Embankment

Even though a steel storage tank is a flexible structure, a settlement of 1.5 m is too large
to be tolerated. Soil engineering studies show that a very economical solution to the tank
foundation problem consists of building on the earth embankment at the site to compress the soft
soil, removing the embankment and finally placing the tank on the prepared foundation soil.
Such a technique is termed preloading.

Design of Earthen Dam

Earthen dams are constructed for water reservoirs. The soil used while building earthen
dams must be suitable enough to suit its construction. Any failure in the structure of the earth
dam can result in massive loss and catastrophe. Thus, one should have proper knowledge of soil
engineering because the construction of dams requires fine care in design and development. It is
also important to check various properties of soil like strength, permeability, and density.
Design of Slope and Excavations:
When a soil surface is not horizontal there is a component of gravity tending to move the
soil downward.
Stability analysis has to be carried out.

Design of Underground Structures:

Tunnels, shafts and conduits require evaluation of forces exerted by the soil on these
structures.
Many underground structures such as pipelines, shafts, tunnels, and drainage structures
are subjected to soil pressure from all the sides. Hence these structures must be drafted by future
soil pressure.

Pavement Design
Pavement Design Pavement Design may consist of the design of flexible or rigid
pavements. Flexible pavements depend more on the subgrade soil for transmitting the traffic
loads. Problems peculiar to the design of pavements are the effect of repetitive loading, swelling
and shrinkage of sub-soil and frost action. Consideration of these and other factors in the
efficient design of a pavement is a must and one cannot do without the knowledge of soil
mechanics.
Design of Earth-retaining Structures

Retaining structures are engineered to retain soil and/or rock. They provide grade
changes, right-of-way increases, and buttresses while retaining earth coverage.

Limitations of Soil Engineering:

Over the past century many advances in soil engineering have greatly improved our
ability to predict the behavior of geo-material. However, we still need to maintain skepticism.
Most of our analyses are handicapped by uncertainties introduced by the site exploration and
characterization programmed. In addition, our mathematical models of soil behavior are only
approximate, and often do not explicitly consider important factors.
The solutions obtained in most cases are for an idealized, hypothetical material, which may not
truly represent the actual soil. A good engineering judgment is required for interpreting the
results.

5.0 Actual Resources Used

SR.NO Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty. Remarks

1 Internet Google 2GB -
2 Reference book geotechnical engineering 1 ---
3 Microsoft word office ------ 1 ---

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

Suggest the type of soil for the given situation

7.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

 Group coordination
 Technical wring
 Project management
 Improve analysis
8.0 Applications of this Micro-Project

Foundations
When it comes to civil engineering, the soil plays an important factor as it supports all
the structure above it. This rule applies to all the foundations such as bridges, roads, buildings,
and dams. It is essential that the construction of the foundation takes place in an untested area.
And which is why soil is used as a material to support and bear a load of structures.

Underground Construction
Many underground structures such as pipelines, shafts, tunnels, and drainage structures
are subjected to soil pressure from all the sides. Hence these structures must be drafted by future
soil pressure.

Earthen Dams
Earthen dams are constructed for water reservoirs. The soil used while building earthen
dams must be suitable enough to suit its construction. Any failure in the structure of the earth
dam can result in massive loss and catastrophe. Thus, one should have proper knowledge of soil
engineering because the construction of dams requires fine care in design and development. It is
also important to check various properties of soil like strength, permeability, and density.

Slope Stability
We are all aware of the human-made slopes that are caused due to digging works in
construction; while the natural slopes include the ones formed by natural effects like floods,
landslides, etc. Many a time, when vast quantities of soil are placed it might not be placed
horizontally, then the slope creates such unequal distribution of weight which results in soil
instability. So to avoid such circumstances, one needs to take special care while making slopes.
The above mentioned are some of the most important applications of soil mechanics in civil
engineering where it is necessary to have a fitting knowledge about the soil and its properties
before one begins to construct any civil structure.

(Prof. Danish Ali)

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