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DEEPIKA ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL

SESSION 2022-2023
CHEMISTRY PROJECT

TO FIND THE MOLAR MASS OF DIFFERENT VOLATILE


LIQUIDS BY VICTOR MEYER’S METHOD

SUBMITTED BY:- ANURAG SATAPATHY


CLASS:- XII Roll no:-10
Admission no:-166150
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ANURAG SATAPATHY of class 12F has


completed the project work in chemistry in the year 2022-
23 on ‘To find the molar mass of different volatile liquids by
victor Meyer’s method’ under the guidance of MADAM
SMRRUTI MOHANTY prescribed by CBSE course.

It is further certified that this project is the individual work


of the student.

External Examiner signature Internal Examiner signature


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my


chemistry subject teacher Madam SMRUTI MOHANTY to give his
guidance to make the successful completion of this project.

I also want to give special thanks to our principal sir Mr.


PRAVEEN KUMAR SHARMA who gave the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project on Victor Meyer’s test,so that I will get
to know about detailed information about the same.

Secondly ,I would like to thank my parents and classmates who


helped me to complete this project within the given time frame.

ANURAG SATAPATHY
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The Objective of Determining Molecular Masses using Victor


Meyer’s Method: To find out the relative molecular mass of
unknown liquid mistreatment of the Victor Meyer equipment.
The Victor Meyer technique contains vaporising a well-known
weight of liquid in a during an exceedingly in a chamber
maintained at an acceptable and constant extreme temperature.
The air displaced from the chamber by the vaporised sample is
cooled to temperature, and its volume is rigorously measured.
Substitution of air for the particular vapour, therefore, provides a
way of deciding the amount the well-known mass of vapour
would occupy at temperature if it might be cooled while not
condensing.
CONTENTS

 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Objective of project
 Apparatus required
 Chemicals required
 Theory
 Detail of procedure
 Tabulation
 Conclusion
 Bibliography
INTRODUCTION

It is counted as a standard laboratory method for determining


the molecular weight of a volatile liquid. This concept was
discovered by Victor Meyer. In this process, a known mass of
volatile liquid or solid is put under examination and they are
converted into its vapour form by heating by using Victor Meyers
tube, as this tube helps in the conversion of volatile solid or
liquid into vapour form. Vapour helps in the displacement of its
own volume of air and the volume of air displaced at a given
experimental temperature and pressure is calculated. At STP
( standard temperature pressure ) i.e at 
2.24×10−2m32.24×10−2m3 2.24 \times 10^{-2}m^{3} displaced
mass of air is calculated. The value which is obtained from this
process is known as the molecular mass of the substance.
CONSTRUCTION
Instrumentation of this process includes an inner Victor Meyer's
tube, the lower end of which is in the form of a bulb. The upper
end of the tube has a side tube that leads to a trough filled with
water. The tube which is known to be Victor Meyer’s tube is
surrounded by a jacket from outside and a liquid is placed in an
outer jacket, which usually boils at least 30k more than the
substance when kept under examination. Usage of Meyers tube
is used to protect the instrument from outer breakage when a
glass bottle containing the substance under examination is
dropped to it. An aspherical bottom flask full of a liquid whose
B.P. is 10c  over the volatile liquid acts as an associate degree
outer glass jacket. A victor Mayor’s tube with an associate
degree outer tube acts as an inner glass jacket. This outer tube is
lordotic in a very trough fitted with water. The very cheap Victor
Mayor’s tube consists of Hg or amphibole items for padding. The
outer glass jacket is heated thanks to the that air expands and
bubbles through the water within the trough. A tiny low glass
tube is thought of as Hoffman’s bottle with a stopper that is
clean, washed and dried, and weighted. The volatile liquid is
taken in Hoffman’s bottle and weighted. A measuring instrument
tube full of water is placed over the tube connected to victor civil
authority equipment .Now Hoffman’s bottle is born within the
Victor civil authority tube. Thanks to heat, liquid within the
bottle evaporates and blows off the stopper and displaces air
that corresponds to its volume that is collected in a very
measuring instrument tube by downward displacement of water.
The water temperature and pressure are noted.
APPLICATIONS
Identification of Alcohols:
This method is used for the identification of alcohol. From this,
you can determine primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols by a
change in their colours. During this process, alcohol is treated
with Phosphorus triiodide which is further treated with Silver
nitric oxide to get nitroalkane as a product. Further, this product
i.e nitroalkane is treated with nitrous acid which is obtained by
reaction of NaNO2 and HCl. The last wrestling solution is treated
with KOH and the required colour is obtained. If it is red the
colour indicates primary alcohol, if blue it indicates secondary
alcohol and if no colour is seen then indicates tertiary alcohol.

Alcohols are the hydroxyl derivatives of alkanes which contains -


OH functional group. These compounds are usually obtained
from the alkanes after replacing the hydrogen atoms with a
hydroxyl group. An alcohol that contains two-OH groups is called
Dihydric alcohol.
Determination of the Empirical Formula and the Molecular
Formula:
This method is used for the determination of both empirical as
well as molecular formulas, by using the given method. An
empirical formula tells us the relative ratios of different atoms in
a compound. Whereas to find a molecular formula, we need to
know the molecular mass of the given compound.
What is molecular formula?
Molecular formula is derived from the molecules in an atom. It
represents the total number of individual atoms present in a
molecule.
A molecular formula also has a subscript. This subscript reports
the actual number of each type of atom in a molecule of the
compound.
The Molecular formula is also associated with gram molecular
masses. These are simple whole Numbers of the corresponding
empirical formula mass.

What is an Empirical formula?


The empirical formula is the simplest formula for a compound.
The empirical formula is defined as the ratio of subscripts of the
smallest possible whole number of the elements present in the
formula. It is generally the simplest known formula for a
compound.
An empirical formula for a compound is the formula of a
compound written with the smallest integer subscript.
The empirical formula provides information about the ratio of
numbers of atoms in a compound. The percent composition of a
compound directly leads to its empirical formula.
The relation between the molecular formula and the empirical
formula is Molecular Formula =  n x Empirical formula
 Empirical Formula
An empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number
ratio of various atoms present in a compound.
Example:  the empirical formula of acetylene is CH 
Molecular Formula
The molecular formula is the representation of the exact number
of different types of atoms present in a molecule of a compound.
Example: For Acetylene the empirical formula is C2H2
NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION OF
VICTOR MEYER METHOD

This method is used for the determination of the molecular mass


of volatile organic compounds.
Under this process, we take the known mass of the compound,
and this compound is vaporised in an instrument known as
Victor Meyer tube.
  The amount of vapour obtained is measured and reduced to
standard temperature pressure i.e STP.
Let the volume of vapours obtained at STP be V mL22400 mL of
vapours are obtained from 1 mole of a given compound.
V mL of vapours are obtained from (V/ 22400) mL of the
compound
Mole= W/Mw
Therefore,
W/Mw = V/22400
Demerits of Victor Meyer’s test

 The method can only be used for volatile liquids


 The procedure cannot be used for compounds which
undergo thermal decomposition.

Merits of Victor Meyer’s test

 The method is very simple to carry out the weight


 The illustration required to carry out the experiment is very
small
AN IMPROVEMENT IN VICTOR MEYER’S
METHOD
The classic method of performing the Victor-Meyer experiment
for vapour-density and molecular weight determination is
subjected to several sources of error.
The small glass stoppered bottles with contain the liquid to be
determined almost invariably allow a small amount if liquid to
evaporate during weighing. When the bottle is allow to drop the
heated portion of inner tube, the stopper is not always forced
out by the pressure generated within in the bottle even though it
has been loosened previously to inserting in the upper part of
inner tube. If mercury or a mat of asbestos has been used to
absorb the shock of the following bottle, difficulty in cleaning the
inner tube after each run is encountered.
The method outlined below has the following advantages. No
failure will ever be encountered due to the inability of the liquid
to be evaporated . The weight of the liquid to be determined can
be obtained to a high degree of accuracy. There is no danger of
the inner tube breaking due to the fall of a heavy container,
therefore doing away with any asbestos mat or mercury layer.

Therefore, an improvement in the method was suggested by A.R


Ronzio and K.A. Gagos of university of Colorado.
CONCLUSION
The Victor Meyer method was invented by the German chemist
Viktor Meyer and can be used to determine the molecular
weight or vapour densities of volatile liquids through an
experiment which is explained above. The Victor Meyer method
formula is an important test for the determination of alcohol into
primary, secondary, and tertiary types, which is carried out again
in an experiment.

Though the method is very simple to carry out, it does have


certain limitations, such as the fact that manual handling can
lead to certain errors and that it is applicable for volatile liquids.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ACS publications,1932 university of Colorado, chemistry
journal, by A.R. Ronzio and K.A. Gagos

 Acs.org, An improvement in Victor-Meyer’s test

 Modification of Victor-Meyer’s apparatus, Chemistry


journal by K. Srinivasan,1971

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