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Web System and Technologies II - HTML Basic

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Noel Orbong
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27 views

Web System and Technologies II - HTML Basic

Uploaded by

Noel Orbong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING PACKET 3 | Web System and Technologies II


HTML Basic Learning Packet 1

HTML Basic
1.0 Learning Outcomes

 Able to define the basics of HTML, particularly the Elements and Attributes.

1.1 Introduction

In this Module we will show some basic HTML examples. Don't worry if we use tags
you have not learned about yet.

1.2 Topics/Discussion
1.2.1 HTML Document

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.

The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

1.2.2 The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web
pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:


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HTML Basic Learning Packet 1

1.2.3 HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading: 

1.2.4 HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

1.2.5 HTML Links


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HTML Basic Learning Packet 1

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute. 

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

1.2.6 HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:

1.2.7 HTML Elements

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag.

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>

Examples of some HTML elements:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>
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Nested HTML Elements

HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other elements).

All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

The following example contains four HTML elements (<html>, <body>, <h1> and <p>):

Example:

Example Explained

The <html> element is the root element and it defines the whole HTML document.

It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.


Then, inside the <html> element there is a <body> element:

The <b ody> ele
ment defines the document's body.

It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.


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HTML Basic Learning Packet 1

Then, inside the <body> element there are two other elements: <h1> and <p>:

The <h1> element defines a heading.

It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>:

The <p> element defines a paragraph.

It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>:

Never Skip the End Tag

Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag:

However, never rely on this! Unexpected results and errors may occur if you forget
the end tag!

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing tag:
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HTML is Not Case Sensitive

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C recommends lowercase
in HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.

1.2.8 HTML Attributes

HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

 All HTML elements can have attributes


 Attributes provide additional information about elements
 Attributes are always specified in the start tag
 Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

The href Attribute

The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the
link goes to:
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The src Attribute


The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute specifies
the path to the image to be displayed:

There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:

1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website.


Example: src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".

Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use it,
you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external
images; it can suddenly be removed or changed.

2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the URL
does not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be relative
to the current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a slash, it will
be relative to the domain. Example: src="/images/img_girl.jpg".

Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you change
domain.

The width and height Attributes

The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specifies the


width and height of the image (in pixels):
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The alt Attribute

The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the
image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to slow connection, or an
error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader.

See what happens if we try to display an image that does not exist:

The style Attribute

The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.
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The lang Attribute

You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the


language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.

The following example specifies English as the language:

Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So, the first
two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two characters define
the country.

The following example specifies English as the


language and United States as the country:

The title Attribute

The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.

The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the
element:
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1.3 References
https://www.w3schools.com/
1.4 Acknowledgment
The images, tables, figures and information contained in this module were
taken from the references cited above.

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