JOINING AND

FINISHING
OPERATIONS
 JOINING OPERATIONS

Joining is one of the

manufacturing processes by
which two or more materials
can be permanently or
temporarily joined or assembled
together with or without the
application of external element
in order to form a single unit.
 Temporary Joint - can be easily dismantled
separating the original parts without any
damage to them.

 Permanent Joint - cannot be separated to their

original shape, size and surface finish.
 TYPES OF JOINING PROCESSES

•Welding
•Brazing
•Soldering
•Adhesive Bonding
•Mechanical Fastening
 TYPES OF JOINING PROCESSES

• Welding

- Is a fabrication process
whereby two or more parts
are fused together by
means of heat, pressure or
both forming a join as the
parts cool.
- Used for permanent joints.
 4 Main Types of Welding Processes

1. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW/MIG)

- also known as Metal Inert Gas or MIG welding.

- uses a thin wire as an electrode. The wire heats up as
it is fed through the welding instrument and towards the
welding site. Shielding gas must be used to protect the weld
from contaminants in the air.
- often used to work on metals such as stainless steel,
copper, nickel, carbon steel, aluminum, and more.
 4 Main Types of Welding Processes

2. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG)

- also known as Tungsten Inert Gas or TIG welding.

- used to weld together thin and non-ferrous
materials like aluminum, copper, lead, or nickel.
- commonly applied to bicycle or aircraft
manufacturing.
- uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to
produce the weld.
 4 Main Types of Welding Processes

3. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

- also informally known as stick welding.

- relies on a manual technique using a consumable
electrode coated in flux.
- requires minimal equipment.
- does not require shielding gas and can be
performed outdoors in the wind or rain.
 4 Main Types of Welding Processes

4. Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)

- revolves around a continuous wire feed process.

- There are two separate processe associated with
flux cored arc welding. One involves the use of shielding
gas while the other relies on self- shielding agents
produced when fluxing agents decompose within the
wire.
- known for being inexpensive and easy to learn.
 TYPES OF JOINING PROCESSES

• Brazing

- Is a process that joins

two or more metal
surfaces together with
a filler metal which has
low melting point.
- considered to form
permanent joint.
• Brazing
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:

 Can join dissimilar metals, unlike  Weaker results compared to

most welding methods. welded joints.

 High production rates.  Cannot join components

operated at high temperatures.
 Consumes less power than welding.
 Requires tight, uniform joint gaps
 Produces cleaner joints compared to achieve capillary action.
to most welding processes.
 Unclean or contaminated metals
 Base metals don’t melt, keeping may cause leaky joints.
their shape and mechanical
properties.
 TYPES OF JOINING PROCESSES

• Soldering

- used to join different

types of metals together
by melting solder. Solder is
a metal alloy usually made
of tin and lead which
melted using a hot iron.
- considered to form
permanent joint.
 TYPES OF JOINING PROCESSES

• Adhesive Bonding

- is a manufacturing
process in which two or
more surfaces are joined
using an adhesive.
- this process joins the
surfaces together
temporarily or
permanently.
 TYPES OF JOINING PROCESSES

• Mechanical Fastening

- temporary joint (Ex.

Screws) and permanent
joint (Ex. Snap-fits).
- the most common
method of joining many
materials within industry.
- used for metal joining
Finishing Operations are the
processes that are applied to
the workpiece at the end of a
manufacturing process, and
after completing all other
relevant operations that bring
the product to its required
dimensions.
 Processes of Finishing Operations

Polishing
- produces a smooth and
shiny surface in the metal parts.
- involves treating the surface
either with a chemical or rubbing
with abrasive grains.
- uses a polishing wheel that
has abrasive compounds stuck to
the surface, using glue or a strong
adhesive.
 Processes of Finishing Operations
Surface Coating
There are different surface coating techniques that enhance the surface properties
of components:

• Electroplating
- provides a thin metallic coating on the
workpiece surface.
- the workpiece is dipped inside a solution
having dissolved metal, and a positive current is
passed through the metallic solution.
- the workpiece is maintained at a
negative side.
 Processes of Finishing Operations
• Electroless Plating
- is similar to electroplating, but in
place of electric current, the method
utilizes a chemical reagent to dissociate
the ions. This is also called the
electrochemical process. The regeant is
contained inside the metallic solution.

• Hot Dipping
- is known as the hot galvanizing
process, which involves coating the
surface with liquid metals. This involves
the workpiece being depped in hot
liquid aluminum, tin, zinc, and tin.
Processes of Finishing Operations

Grinding
- makes use of abrasive
media in the form of a wheel
known as a grinding wheel.
- is a material removal
process.
- the abrasive media of the
grinding wheel behaves as a
multi-point cutting tool where
each and every grain on the
wheel behaves as a cutting tool.
 Processes of Finishing Operations

Sandblasting
- also known as abrasive
blasting.
- a suitable gas in a cylinder
remains pressurized with a mixture
of abrasive slurry. This pressurized
gas is made to propel through a
nozzle targeting the workpiece.
The surface irregularities are
removed, and the surface deburrs
from abrasion.
 SUPERFINISHING OPERATIONS
These processes are applied to achieve a high degree of
surface finish and accurate tolerances. In this process, the tool used
has fine particles suspended or bonded through suitable adhesives.

Honing
- is a surface
rubbing process, where a
honing tool with fine
abrasive grains is
scrubbed over the
workpiece.
Buffing
- uses a buffing tool with
fine grains of slurry known as
roughs.

Lapping
- two surfaces to be surface
finished are kept one above another
with fine abrasive slurries in between
them.
- the motion is provided by
hand or by using a machine.
Thank you for listening!