1. What are the identifying characteristics of a series circuit?

 Series circuits have only one direction of flow. As a result, its current in series is constant
throughout the circuit. Series circuits, on the other hand, create a voltage difference
across the resistors/resistances in the circuit.
2. What are the identifying characteristics of a parallel circuit?
 Parallel circuits have several routes of flow. As a result, the parallel current is the sum of
all current flowing via each path. However, because there are only two sets of common
terminals in a parallel circuit, the voltage across it is the same (two nodes).
3. What changes occur in the total resistance of a circuit as additional resistances are added (a) in
series, (b) in parallel.
 In series circuits, additional resistances are added together. When a result, it rises as
more resistors are connected.
 The formula describes other resistances for parallel circuits, 𝑅t = (1/R1 + 1/R2 …
+1/Rn)^-1. As further resistors are added to a parallel circuit, the resistance declines.
4. What are the different types of resistances and their purpose.

Ohm's Law is followed and satisfied by this sort of resistor (such that they are called Ohmic
resistors).

 Permanent Resistors
They're resistors with predetermined resistance levels. They are employed in circuits to
create the proper conditions. These can be found on printed circuit boards (PCBs) and
other electronic devices.
 Variable Resistors
They are resistors with variable resistance levels (mechanically or electronically). Their
job is to regulate the flow of electricity in electrical equipment. These are typically seen
on lights and devices that control music.
 Non-Linear Resistors
Ohm's Law does not apply to this sort of resistor. They are non-linear because they do
not exhibit a linear trend on an I-V curve.
 Thermistor
The temperature of these resistors is important. Thermistors can be used for a variety of
measuring and control applications (e.g., fire alarms).
 Photoresistor
This resistor is affected by the amount of light that strikes its surface. These resistors are
also frequently employed to measure and detect light (e.g., nightlights, burglar alarms).
 Varistor
The resistance of this resistor is proportional to the applied voltage, and it lowers as the
voltage rises. High voltage surges are protected by varistors.
 Surface mount
This resistor is widely used in circuit boards to conserve space.
5. Why are lamps in a house lighting circuit not connected in series?
  Because the flow of energy is not disrupted if one bulb or appliance fails, most lighting
in homes is linked in parallel. When one bulb or device fails in a house lighting circuit
connected in series, the circuit will die.
6. A small lamp is designed to draw 300mA in a 6V circuit. What is the resistance of the lamp
filament?
 Given:
I = 300mA = 300x 10^-3 = 0.3 A
V = 6V
R = V/I = 6V/0.3A = 20 Ω
R = 20 Ω

7. A battery with an internal resistance of 1.5Ω is connected in series with resistors R1

Given : r=1.5 Ω

R1=3 Ω

V 1=9V

R2=35 ΩI

V1 9V
¿ = =3 A R1=( R1+ R2+ r )=3 Ω+3.5 Ω+1.5 Ω=8 ΩV =IR=(3 A )(8 Ω)=24 V
R1 3 Ω
8. Determine the ideal voltage source needed by three resistors connected in series R1
= 6Ω, R2 = 8Ω and R3 = 10Ω if a required current of 0.5A flows in the circuit.
Given : R1=6 Ω R2=8 Ω R3=10 Ω I
¿ 0.5 A R1=R +R +R =6 Ω+8 Ω+10 Ω=24 Ω V =IR=(0.5 A )( 24 Ω)V =12V
1 2 3

9. Determine the total resistance of the circuit in Fig. 12. Also, use TinaPro and provide
measurement screenshot of total resistance in Fig. 13.

[ ]
−1
1 1
R10,80 = + =8
10 Ω 80 Ω

R4,10,80 =4 Ω+ 8 Ω=12 Ω

R4,5,18 =4.5 Ω+1.5 Ω=6 Ω

[ ]
−1
1 1
R4,10,40,4.8,1 .8= + =4 Ω
12 Ω 6 Ω

R5.4,60,42,48,1.5 =5 Ω+4 Ω=9 Ω

[ ]
−1
1 1
R29,8,14,18,8,10,80,4.8,18 = + =12 Ω
20 Ω 30 Ω

R1=1 Ω+2 Ω+12 Ω=15 Ω

10. From fig. a, determine the current through the 18 Ω resistance of the circuit and the
potential difference across the 10 Ω resistance if a 30Vdc source is connected across
the terminals.