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    Capacitors

    Uploaded by

    Walaa Majeed
    Capacitors store electric charge and are used in devices like radios, power supplies, and ignition systems. A capacitor consists of two conductors called plates that hold equal but opposite charges. Capacitance is defined as the ratio of charge on a plate to the potential difference between the plates. Capacitance increases when a dielectric material is placed between the plates. In a parallel plate capacitor, capacitance is directly proportional to the area of the plates and the dielectric constant, and inversely proportional to the distance between plates. Capacitors can be connected in parallel, where the total capacitance is the sum of individual capacitances, or in series, where the total capacitance is always less than the smallest individual capacitance

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    Capacitors

    Uploaded by

    Walaa Majeed
    18 views5 pages
    Capacitors store electric charge and are used in devices like radios, power supplies, and ignition systems. A capacitor consists of two conductors called plates that hold equal but opposite charges. Capacitance is defined as the ratio of charge on a plate to the potential difference between the plates. Capacitance increases when a dielectric material is placed between the plates. In a parallel plate capacitor, capacitance is directly proportional to the area of the plates and the dielectric constant, and inversely proportional to the distance between plates. Capacitors can be connected in parallel, where the total capacitance is the sum of individual capacitances, or in series, where the total capacitance is always less than the smallest individual capacitance

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    Capacitors store electric charge and are used in devices like radios, power supplies, and ignition systems. A capacitor consists of two conductors called plates that hold equal but opposite charges. Capacitance is defined as the ratio of charge on a plate to the potential difference between the plates. Capacitance increases when a dielectric material is placed between the plates. In a parallel plate capacitor, capacitance is directly proportional to the area of the plates and the dielectric constant, and inversely proportional to the distance between plates. Capacitors can be connected in parallel, where the total capacitance is the sum of individual capacitances, or in series, where the total capacitance is always less than the smallest individual capacitance

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views5 pages

    Capacitors

    Uploaded by

    Walaa Majeed
    Capacitors store electric charge and are used in devices like radios, power supplies, and ignition systems. A capacitor consists of two conductors called plates that hold equal but opposite charges. Capacitance is defined as the ratio of charge on a plate to the potential difference between the plates. Capacitance increases when a dielectric material is placed between the plates. In a parallel plate capacitor, capacitance is directly proportional to the area of the plates and the dielectric constant, and inversely proportional to the distance between plates. Capacitors can be connected in parallel, where the total capacitance is the sum of individual capacitances, or in series, where the total capacitance is always less than the smallest individual capacitance

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    210

    Capacitors
    Capacitors are devices that store electric charge.
    Examples of where capacitors are used include:
     radio receivers
     filters in power supplies
     to eliminate sparking in automobile ignition systems
     energy-storing devices in electronic flashes
    Makeup of a Capacitor
    A capacitor consists of two conductors.
     These conductors are called plates.
     When the conductor is charged, the plates carry
    charges of equal magnitude and opposite directions.
    A potential difference exists between the plates due to the
    charge.
    211

    Definition of Capacitance
    The capacitance, C, of a capacitor is defined as the ratio of
    the magnitude of the charge on either conductor to the
    potential difference between the conductors. Q
    C
    The capacitance of a given capacitor is constant. DV
    The SI unit of capacitance is the farad (F).
    The farad is a large unit, typically you will see microfarads (mF)
    and picofarads (pF).
    Q Q Q εo A
    For a parallel capacitor: C   
    DV Ed Qd / εo A d
     A is the area of each plate, the area of each plate is equal
     Q is the charge on each plate, equal with opposite signs
    A dielectric is a nonconducting material that, when placed
    between the plates of a capacitor, increases the capacitance
    and Increase the maximum operating voltage. Dielectrics
    include rubber, glass, and waxed paper.
    For a parallel-plate capacitor, C = κ (εoA) / d
    κ is the dielectric constant of the material.
    Capacitance – Parallel Plates
    Each plate is connected to a terminal of the battery (source of potential difference).
    The charge density on the plates is σ = Q /A.
     A is the area of each plate, the area of each plate is equal
     Q is the charge on each plate, equal with opposite signs
    The electric field is uniform between the plates and zero elsewhere.
    Q Q Q εA
    C    o
    DV Ed Qd / εo A d
    Example

    A parallel-plate capacitor with air between the plates has an area A = 2.00 x 10-4 m2
    and a plate separation d = 1.00 mm. Find its capacitance.
    Solution
    Capacitors in Parallel
    The potential difference across the
    capacitors is the same.
     And each is equal to the voltage of the
    battery DV1 = DV2 = DV
     DV is the battery terminal voltage
    The total charge is equal to the sum of the
    charges on the capacitors. Qtot = Q1 + Q2

    The capacitors can be replaced with one


    capacitor with a capacitance of Ceq.
     The equivalent capacitor must have
    exactly the same external effect on the
    circuit as the original capacitors.

     For more capacitors


    Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 + …
    Capacitors in Series
    An equivalent capacitor can be found
    that performs the same function as the
    series combination.
    The charges are all the same.
    Q1 = Q2 = Q
    The potential differences add up to the
    battery voltage.
    ΔVtot = DV1 + DV2 + …

    The equivalent capacitance is


    1 1 1 1
       
    C eq C 1 C 2 C 3
    The equivalent capacitance of a series
    combination is always less than any
    individual capacitor in the combination.

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