GEC GANDHINAGAR 200130107061 Computer Networks

Government Engineering College

Gandhinagar

B.E
in
Computer Engineering
Semester-5, Year 2022-23
Computer Networks (3150710)

Name Enrollment No.

Jenil Thakor 200130107061

Lab Faculty Faculty Course Coordinator

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GEC GANDHINAGAR 200130107061 Computer Networks

Government Engineering College

Sec-28 Gandhinagar

Certificate

This is to certify that

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GEC GANDHINAGAR 200130107061 Computer Networks

Vision and Mission of Computer Department:

Vision:
 To achieve excellence for providing value-based education in Computer
Engineering through innovation, team work and ethical practices

Mission:
 To produce computer science and engineering graduates according to the
needs of industry, government, society and scientific community.
 To develop partnership with industries, government agencies and R and D
Organizations
 To motivate students/graduates to be entrepreneurs.
 To motivate students to participate in reputed conferences, workshops,
symposiums, seminars and related technical activities

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GEC GANDHINAGAR 200130107061 Computer Networks

Course Outcomes:
Sr. Marks %
CO statement
No. Weightage
1 Explain the basic terminologies used in networking and layered
15
architecture of computer network.
2 Comprehend basic protocols of application layer and how they can be
17
used to assist in network design and implementation.
3 Describe and implement the essential principles of a connectionless and
connection-oriented protocols used for reliable data transfer, flow control 25
and congestion control.
4 Design network architecture, assign IP addressing and apply various
25
routing algorithms to find shortest paths for network-layer packet delivery.
5 Illustrate different link layer terminologies like error detection-correction,
18
Multiple access protocol and Link layer addressing used in network.

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Practical: - 5
Aim: -. Create Mesh , ring , star , bus and tree topology in packet tracer and assign
appropriate IP addresses to devices. Describe complete configuration process.

 MESH TOPOLOGY:


 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

Step 0 : Prerequisites

Step 1 : Open Cisco Packet Tracer.

Step 2 : Select and Draw End Devices of Mesh Network.

Step 3 : Select and Draw Switches for each End Device.

Step 4 : Connect Each Pair of Computer and Switch.

Step 5 : Select First Random Switch and Connect it to Other Remaining Switches.

Step 6 : Select Second Random Switch and Connect it to Other Remaining Switches.

Step 7 : Select Third Random Switch and Connect it to Other Remaining Switches.

Step 8 : Choose Fourth Switch Randomly and Connect it to Remaining Switches.

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Step 9 : Open End Device Configurations.

Step 10 : Go To Desktop.

Step 11 : IP Configuration Settings.

Step 12 : Configure IP Address.

 Output :

 RING TOPOLOGY:

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 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

o In Ring Topology each laptop is connected with another laptop and last laptop is connected
with first laptop via switch and forms ring. So, it is called Ring Topology.
o Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
o Select and Draw End Devices of Ring Network.
o Select and Draw Switches for each End Device.
o Connect Each Pair of Computer and Switch.
o To configure the IP address of an interface we have to configure all PC one by one click on pc,
open DESKTOP window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask.
o After that, simulate the network using simulation.

 Output :

 STAR TOPOLOGY:

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 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

 In Star Topology all the computers are connected with central hub called Switch through a cable.
 Select and Draw End Devices of Star Network.
 Connect all end devices with central switch.
 To configure the IP address of an interface, we configure all PC one by one click on pc, open
DESKTOP window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask and default gateway.
 After that, simulate the network using simulation.

 Output :

 BUS TOPOLOGY:

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 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

 In local area network, it is a single network cable runs in the building or campus and all nodes are
connected along with this communication line with two endpoints called the bus or backbone.
 For bus topology we build network using five generic pc which are serially connected with five
switches using copper straight through cable and switches are interconnected using copper cross
over cable.
 To configure the IP address of an interface we have to configure all PC one by one click on pc,
open DESKTOP window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask and default gateway.
 After that, simulate the network using simulation.

 Output :

 TREE TOPOLOGY:

CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

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 It has root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy.
 It is also called hierarchical topology.
 Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
 Select and Draw End Devices of Tree Network.
 Select and Draw Switches for each End Device.
 Connect Each Pair of Computer and Switch.
 To configure the IP address of an interface, we configure all PC one by one click on pc, open DESKTOP
window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask and default gateway.
 After that, simulate the network using simulation.

 Output :

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Practical: - 6
Aim: - Create a sub network using two switches, eight computers and connect both

sub network using router in packet tracer and assign appropriate IP addresses to
devices. Describe complete configuration procedure

 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

 A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network.

 The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting.
 Computers that belong to a subnet are addressed with an identical most-significant bit-
group in their IP addresses.
 Here, we create a sub network using two switches, eight computers.
 Individual sub network contains one switch and four computers.
 Now connect both sub network using router.
 In this case router configuration is very much important and from that default gateway is
assign to both sub network.
 For router configuration click on router, open config tab then clicks on GigabitEthernet0/0
and assign IP Address 192.168.1.1 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and keep Port Status
ON and after that click on GigabitEthernet1/0 and assign IP Address 192.168.2.1 and
subnet mask
 255.255.255.0 and keep Port Status ON.
 Here default gateway is fixed for both left and right subnetwork according to router
configuration.
 For left subnetwork default gateway is 192.168.1.1

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 For right subnetwork default gateway is 192.168.2.1

 To configure the IP address of left subnetwork, configure all PC one by one click on pc,
open DESKTOP window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask and default gateway.
 To configure the IP address of right subnetwork, configure all PC one by one click on pc,
open DESKTOP window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask and default gateway.
 First simulate left and right subnetwork individually.
 After that, simulate whole network using simulation.

 Output :

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Practical: - 7
Aim: - Create a network topology with four host machines, local and authoritative
DNS server and web server. Describe complete configuration procedure.

 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

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 In this network topology there are four host machines, local and authoritative DNS
server and web server.

 PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3 and Local DNS Server are connected with router via Switch0 at left
side.

 Authoritative DNS Server and web server are connected with router via Switch1 at right
side.

 Now connect all Network devices and End devices as shown in the figure.

 In this case router configuration is very much important and from that default gateway
is assign to both sub network.
 For router configuration click on router, open config tab then clicks on FastEthernet0/0
and assign IP Address 192.168.1.6 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and keep Port Status
ON and after that click on FastEthernet1/0 and assign IP Address 193.168.2.6 and
subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and keep Port Status ON.
 Here default gateway is fixed for both left and right subnetwork according to router
configuration.
 For right subnetwork default gateway is 193.168.2.6
 To configure the IP address of left subnetwork, configure all PC and Local DNS Server
one by one click on them, open DESKTOP window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask and
default gateway.
 To configure the IP address of right subnetwork, configure Authoritative DNS Server
and web server one by one click on them, open DESKTOP window, fill IP Address, Fill
subnet mask and default gateway.
 Put DNS Server IP Address in PC0, PC1, PC2 and PC3 as 192.168.1.5 which is the IP
Address of Local DNS Server.
 Put DNS Server IP Address in web server as 193.168.2.1 which is the IP Address of
Authoritative DNS Server.
 After that click on Local DNS Server then click on Services tab then go in DNS Service.
 After that turn ON DNS Service.
 In first input, type Resource Records Name as dns.google.com (A Record) which has
Address 193.168.2.2 which is IP Address of Authoritative DNS Server then click on Add.
 In second input, type Resource Records Name as google.com (NS Record) which has
Address dns.google.com then click on Add.
 It is shown in below figure.

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 After that click on Authoritative

DNS Server then click on Services tab then go in DNS Service.
 After that turn ON DNS Service.
 In first input, type Resource Records Name as google.com (A Record) which has
Address 193.168.2.2 which is IP Address of web server then click on Add.
 In second input, type Resource Records Name as mail.google.com (A Record) which has
Address 193.168.2.2 which is IP Address of web server then click on Add. It is shown in
below figure.

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• After that click on web server then click on Services tab then go in HTTP Service
and select both services as ON mode.

• When we search anything on Google, Bing, Mozilla, safari or any web

browser. Its result comes on web page that appears on screen.
• Now we can search webpage from any connected PC.
• This will so you existing HTTP file when you put web server IP.

• Go to any PC>Desktop>Web Browser>put server IP

(193.168.2.2)> click Enter. It will so you below result.

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Practical: - 8
Aim: - Create a network topology with two host machines and one ftp server.
Describe complete configuration procedure.

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 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

 In this network topology there are two host machines and FTP Server.

 The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of
computer files between a client and server on a computer network.

 PC0, PC1 and FTP Server are connected via Switch0.

 IP Address of FTP Server is 10.10.10.2

 Click on PC0, open DESKTOP window, fill IP Address 192.168.1.2, Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0 and Default Gateway 192.168.1.1

 Click on PC1, open DESKTOP window, fill IP Address 192.168.1.3, Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0 and Default Gateway 192.168.1.1

 After that click on FTP Server then click on Services tab then go in FTP Service.
 Click ON to enable FTP Service.
 Keep all other Services OFF.

 In User Setup, create the following user accounts. Click Add to add the account.

 Username  Password  Permissions

 Jenil  4593  RWNL

 Click the default

cisco user
account and
click Remove to
delete it. Close
the FTP Server
configuration
window.

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 Now create cn_practical9.txt file in both PC0 and PC1 by clicking on Desktop tab and
then go in Text Editor.

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 In the Desktop tab, open the Command Prompt window and perform following steps:
 Type ftp 10.0.0.1 and Wait several seconds while the client connects.
 The server prompts for a username and password.
 The prompt changes to ftp>.
 List the contents of the directory by typing dir. The file directory on FTP Server displays.
 Transfer Vivekananda.txt file at the ftp> prompt, type put cn_practical9.txt.

 The cn_practical9.txt file is transferred from the PC1 to FTP Server because jenil has all
permissions.
 But in case of Ram the writing permission is denied because he has only Read and List
permission.

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 Verify the transfer of the file by typing dir.

 The cn_practical9.txt file is now listed in the file directory.
 Close the FTP Client by typing quit.
 The prompt will return to PC>.
 In below figures, username of PC1 is Jenil who has all the permissions and username of
PC0 is Ram who has only Read and List permissions.
 If you write get cn_practical9.txt in ftp> prompt you can get that file from FTP Server to
PC.
 You can see all this procedures in below figures.

 Output :

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Here that file includes in PC1

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Practical: - 9
Aim: - Create a network topology with four host machines, one DHCP server, local
DNS server and mail server. Describe complete configuration procedure.

 C

• In this network topology there are four host machines, one DHCP Server, local DNS
Server and mail Server.
• PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3 and DHCP Server, Local DNS Server, mail Server are connected via
Switch0.

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• We assign IPs to each PC and Server. It is required to keep IP in same network because
here is connected network by single switch.

• First, we assign IP Address to DHCP Server is 10.0.0.1 and

• Subnet Mask is 255.0.0.0 and DNS Server is 10.0.0.2
• After that click on DHCP Server then click on Services tab then go in DHCP Service.
• After that turn ON DHCP Service.
• In DHCP type Pool Name as serverPool, DNS Server as 10.0.0.2, Start IP Address as
10.0.0.0 and Subnet Mask as 255.0.0.0 and then click on Add.
 Here DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP
addresses, default gateways and other network parameters to client devices.
 It relies on the standard protocol known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or
DHCP to respond to broadcast queries by clients.

 Only you have to do, configure all the devices one by one and click on them, go in
Desktop tab and then click on IP Configuration and then click on DHCP instead of
static.

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 DHCP Server gives 10.0.0.2 IP Address to Local DNS Server.

 After that click on Local DNS Server then click on Services tab then go in DNS Service.
 After that turn ON DNS Service.
 DNS stands for Domain Name System which will convert IPs to Email address.

 In first input, type Resource Records Name as gmail.com (A Record) which has Address
10.0.0.3 which is IP Address of mail Server then click on Add.

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PC User Name Password Email Address

PC0 jenil 4593 [email protected]

PC1 rohit 45 [email protected]

  After that click on mail server then click on Services tab then go in EMAIL Service
and tick SMTP Service on and POP3 Service on.

 Here we write Domain Name as gmail.com and click on Set.

 Then in User Setup create usernames and passwords and then click on + after every
entry.

 Now we can login on PC Mail application with usernames and passwords which have
been created on mail server.

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Output :

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Practical: - 10
Aim: - Create a network topology with four routers and multiple hosts connected
with each router. Configure Static Routing and Routing Information Protocol
(RIP). Describe complete configuration procedure.

 Routing :-

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 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

 Static routing is often used to provide a failsafe backup in the event that a dynamic
route is unavailable.

 Static routing is often used to help transfer routing information from one routing
protocol to another.

 There is single default route to represent a path to any network.

 Here, we create a network topology with four routers and multiple hosts connected
with each router.
 There are only two serial ports in router so we have to switch off power button then
add WIC-2T into router and then turn on power button and wait for few seconds till
the router is booting.
 In this case routers configuration is very much important and from that default
gateway is assign to network which is connected with that router.
 For router0 configuration click on router0, open config tab then clicks on
GigabitEthernet0/0 and assign IP Address 192.168.1.1 and subnet mask
255.255.255.0 and keep Port Status ON.
 For router1, router2 and router3 we have to change netid and subnet mask is class C
IP Address.
 To configure the IP address, configure all PC one by one click on pc, open DESKTOP
window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask and default gateway according to netid.
 Now for configure the roots you have to add serial port value as class A IP Address in
router configuration. We have to give different IP Address in serial port for different
roots.

 After that all the roots are turn ON and becomes Green.

 Now we have to add the networks before sending the data. For that click on the
router and then go in Static and add static routes.

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 For Static routes you have to add Network, Mask and Next Hop information for each
router.

 It is static routing so there is single default route to represent a path to any network.

 Static routing is used for Routing to and from sub networks. A network accessed by
a single route and the router has only one neighbour.

 Static Routing info is shown in the figure, which is a list of all the destinations the
router knows how to reach.

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 Output :

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 RIP Routing :-

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 CONFIGURATION PROCEDURE:

• RIP stands for "Routing Information Protocol.”

• RIP is a protocol used by routers to exchange routing information on a

network.

• Its primary functions are determining the most efficient way to route data
on a network and prevent routing loops.

• Here, we create a network topology with four routers and multiple hosts
connected with each router.

• There are only two serial ports in router so we have to switch off power
button then add WIC-2T into router and then turn on power button and wait for
few seconds till the router is booting.
• In this case routers configuration is very much important and from that
default gateway is assign to network which is connected with that router.
• For router0 configuration click on router0, open config tab then clicks on
GigabitEthernet0/0 and assign IP Address192.168.1.1 and subnet mask
255.255.255.0 and keep Port Status ON.

• For router1, router2 and router3 we have to change netid and subnet mask
is class C IP Address.

• To configure the IP address, configure all PC one by one click on pc, open
DESKTOP window, fill IP Address, Fill subnet mask and default gateway according
to netid.
• Now for configure the roots you have to add serial port value as class A IP
Address in router configuration. We have to give different IP Address in serial port
for different roots.

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• After that all the roots are turn ON and becomes Green.

• Now we have to add the networks before sending the data. For that click
on the router and then go in RIP and add the networks in routing table.

• It is dynamic routing so there is no need to add hostid.

• RIP uses a distance vector algorithm to decide which path to put a packet
on to get to its destination.
• Each RIP router maintains a routing table, which is a list of all the
destinations the router knows how to reach.

• Each router broadcasts its entire routing table to its closest neighbours
every 30 seconds.

RIP Routing Table is shown in the figure.

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 Output :

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