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Problem Set2

This document contains 5 problems related to communication systems and signal constellations over noisy channels: 1. The first problem involves determining the minimum distance between signals, sketching decision regions, and deriving an expression for symbol error probability for a 3-message system over an AWGN channel. 2. The second problem examines the relevance of a second received signal and derives the optimum decision rule and error probability for a 2-message system over an AWGN channel. 3. The third problem calculates the minimum attainable error probability for systems with 3 and 4 equally likely messages over an AWGN channel, and examines how the answers change if the noise has a non-zero mean. 4. The

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55 views2 pages

Problem Set2

This document contains 5 problems related to communication systems and signal constellations over noisy channels: 1. The first problem involves determining the minimum distance between signals, sketching decision regions, and deriving an expression for symbol error probability for a 3-message system over an AWGN channel. 2. The second problem examines the relevance of a second received signal and derives the optimum decision rule and error probability for a 2-message system over an AWGN channel. 3. The third problem calculates the minimum attainable error probability for systems with 3 and 4 equally likely messages over an AWGN channel, and examines how the answers change if the noise has a non-zero mean. 4. The

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EE611 Problem Set 2

1. One of three equally likely messages is communicated over a vector channel which adds
a (different) statistically independent zero-mean Gaussian random variable with variance
N0 /2 to each transmitted vector component. Assume that the transmitter uses the signal
vectors sk = (cos θk sin θk ), where θk takes values 0, 2π/3, and 4π/3 for the three
messages.

(a) Determine the minimum distance between any two points in the signal constellation.
(b) Sketch the decision regions for the optimum receiver that minimizes the probability
of symbol error.
(c) Express the average probability of symbol error, Pe , in terms of the conditional error
probabilities given the message index k, Pe|k .
q 
3
(d) Show that the probability of symbol error is upper bounded by 2Q 2N0 .

2. Consider a communication system model where two received outputs, r1 and r2 , are
available for decision making, as shown below:

r1 = s + n 1 and r2 = n 1 + n 2 .

Assume n1 , n2 are i. i. d. Gaussian random


√ vectors with√each element having variance
N0
2 . Assume equally likely symbols s0 = Es and s1 = − Es are transmitted. Assume
that s, n1 and n2 are independent.

(i) Determine whether r2 is irrelevant.


(ii) Determine the optimum decision rule and the probability of symbol error.
(iii) Repeat part (ii), if
r1 = s + n 1 and r2 = 2s + n2 .

3. Let r = s+n, where r is the received signal, s is the transmitted signal, and n is Gaussian,
with zero mean. If one of two equally likely messages is transmitted using s0 = −2, and
s1 = 2, the optimum receiver yields P [ε] = 0.01.

(i) What is the minimum attainable probability of error P [ε]min. , when (a) three equally
likely messages are transmitted using the signals s0 = −4, s1 = 0, s2 = 4? (b) when
four equally likely messages are transmitted using the signals s0 = −4, s1 = 0, s2 =
4, s3 = 8?
(ii) How do the answers to part (i) change if it is known that E[n] = 1 rather than 0?

4. One of the four equally likely messages is to be communicated over a vector channel
which adds a (different) statsitically independent zero-mean Gaussian random variable
with variance N20 to each transmitted vector component. Assume that the transmitter
uses the signal vectors si = cos[ π4 (2i + 1)], sin[ π4 (2i + 1)] , for i ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3} and express
the probability
Z ∞of error, P [ε], produced by an optimum receiver in terms of the function
1 x2
Q(α) = √ e− 2 dx.
2π α
5. Express the minimum probability of error, P [ε]min , in terms of Q(α) when the signal
set given in Figure 1 is used to communicate one of eight equally likely messages over a
channel disturbed by additive white Gaussian noise with power spectral density N20 .

1
s1 (t) s2 (t) s3 (t)

1 1 1

t t t
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

s4 (t) s5 (t) s6 (t)

1 1 1

t t
1 2 3 t
1 2 3 1 2 3

s7 (t) s0 (t)

1 1

t t
1 2 3 1 2 3

Figure 1:

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