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Flow Rate

The document discusses flow rate, which is the volume of liquid that passes through a pipe or channel per unit of time. It defines flow rate and explains that flow rate depends on the area of the pipe and the velocity of the liquid. It then provides the formula for calculating flow rate as flow rate = area x velocity. Finally, it gives two examples of using the formula to calculate flow rates for different pipe/channel scenarios.

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Melani Hayatun Nupus
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143 views6 pages

Flow Rate

The document discusses flow rate, which is the volume of liquid that passes through a pipe or channel per unit of time. It defines flow rate and explains that flow rate depends on the area of the pipe and the velocity of the liquid. It then provides the formula for calculating flow rate as flow rate = area x velocity. Finally, it gives two examples of using the formula to calculate flow rates for different pipe/channel scenarios.

Uploaded by

Melani Hayatun Nupus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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As the name suggest flow rate is the measure of a volume of liquid that

moves in a certain amount of time. Also, its current depends on the


diameter of the pipe. Moreover, in this topic, you will learn about the
flow rate, flow rate formula, formula’s derivation, and solved example.

Flow Rate
What is the difference that distinct fluid from solid? The answer is that
in everyday experience with fluids like water and air and slid like onion
and potatoes. Moreover, you may have sensed that a major distinction
among these two categories of the matter is in the way they move.

Objects like potatoes and onions are solids since they retain their shape
when they are thrown. On the other hand, the air does not retain its
shape while moving in and out of your lungs. Furthermore, the matter
which is not solid is fluid and their main property is that they can flow.
In addition, fluids can move and when they move they change shape
and volumes. But, their mass remains the same even when they are
moving. Besides, the motion of the fluid is known as flow rate.

In simple words, the tendency of the fluid to move from one place to
another is its flow rate.

Flow Rate Formula


Flow rate is the measure of the volume of liquid that moves in a certain
amount of time. Moreover, the flow rate depends upon the channel from
which the liquid is passing or the area of the pipe, and the velocity of
the liquid. Besides, the formula is
Fluid flow rate = area of the pipe or channel × velocity of the liquid

Q = Av
Derivation of the Flow Rate Formula

Q = refers to the liquid flow rate measured as m3/s or L/s


A = refers to the area of the pipe or channel in m2
v = refers to the velocity of the liquid in m/s

Solved Example on Flow Rate 


Example 1

Suppose water is flowing from a circular pipe that has a radius of


0.0800 m. Furthermore, its velocity is 3.30 m/s. So, calculate the flow
rate of water that flows from the pipe in liters per second (L/s)?

Solution:

For finding the flow rate first we need to find the area of the circular
pipe:

A = πr2
A = π(0.0800m)2
A = π(0.00640m2) = 0.0201 m2
So, the area of the pipe is 0.201 m2. Now we can find the flow rate
Q = Av
Q = (0.0201 m2) (3.30 m/s) = 0.663 m3/s
Furthermore, we can convert it into liters per second: 1 m3/s = 1000
L/s.
Q = 0.663 m3/s × 1000L/s1m3/s
Q = 66.3 L/s

So, the flow rate through a circular pipe is 66.3 L/s.

Example 2
Another example, water is flowing through an open rectangular chute.
Also, the width of the chute is 1.20 m and the depth of water flowing
inside it is 0.200 m. Moreover, the velocity of water is 5.0 m/s. Then
find out the flow rate of the water through the chute in liters per second
(L/s)?

Solution:

First of all, we need the find the area of the chute.

A = wh
A =( 1.20 m) (0.200 m) = 0.240 m2
So, now we can find the flow rate using the flow rate formula

Q = Av
Q =(0.240 m2) (5.00 m/s) = 1.20 m3/s
For the answer in L/s we need to convert 1.20 m3/s in L/s using
1 m3/s = 1000 L/s
Q = 1.20 m3/s × 1000L/s1m3/s
Q = 1200 L/s

The flow rate of the chute is 1200 L/s.


Laju Aliran
Apa perbedaan cairan yang berbeda dari padatan? Jawabannya adalah
bahwa dalam pengalaman sehari-hari dengan cairan seperti air dan
udara dan meluncur seperti bawang dan kentang. Selain itu, Anda
mungkin telah merasakan bahwa perbedaan utama di antara kedua
kategori masalah ini adalah dalam cara mereka bergerak.

Benda-benda seperti kentang dan bawang adalah padatan karena


mereka mempertahankan bentuknya ketika dilemparkan. Di sisi lain,
udara tidak mempertahankan bentuknya saat bergerak masuk dan keluar
dari paru-paru Anda. Selanjutnya, materi yang tidak padat adalah fluida
dan sifat utamanya adalah mereka dapat mengalir. Selain itu, cairan
dapat bergerak dan ketika mereka bergerak mereka mengubah bentuk
dan volume. Tapi, massa mereka tetap sama bahkan ketika mereka
bergerak. Selain itu, gerakan fluida dikenal sebagai laju aliran.

Dengan kata sederhana, kecenderungan fluida untuk berpindah dari satu


tempat ke tempat lain adalah laju alirannya.

Rumus Laju Aliran


Laju aliran adalah ukuran volume cairan yang bergerak dalam jangka
waktu tertentu. Selain itu, laju aliran tergantung pada saluran dari mana
cairan lewat atau luas pipa, dan kecepatan cairan. Selain itu, rumusnya
adalah
Laju aliran fluida = luas pipa atau saluran × kecepatan cairan

Q = Av

Derivasi rumus laju aliran


Q = mengacu pada laju aliran cairan yang diukur sebagai m3/s atau L/s
A = mengacu pada luas pipa atau saluran di m2
v = mengacu pada kecepatan cairan dalam m/s

Contoh soal laju aliran


Contoh 1

Misalkan air mengalir dari pipa melingkar yang memiliki radius 0, 0800
m. Selanjutnya, kecepatannya adalah 3,30 m/s. Jadi, hitung laju aliran
air yang mengalir dari pipa dalam liter per detik (L/s)?

Larutan:

Untuk menemukan laju aliran terlebih dahulu kita perlu menemukan


luas pipa melingkar:

A = πr2
A = π(0.0800m)2
A = π(0,00640 m 2) = 0,0201 m2

Jadi, luas pipa adalah 0, 201 m2. Sekarang kita dapat menemukan laju
aliran
Q = Av
Q = (0,0201 m 2) (3,30 m/dtk) = 0,663 m 3/dtk /

Selanjutnya, kita dapat mengubahnya menjadi liter per detik: 1 m3//s =


1000 L/s.

Q = 0,663 m 3/s × 1000L/s 1m 3///s


Q = 66,3 L/dtk

Jadi, laju aliran melalui pipa melingkar adalah 66,3 L/s.


Contoh 2

Contoh lain, air mengalir melalui saluran persegi panjang terbuka. Juga,
lebar saluran adalah 1, 20 m dan kedalaman air yang mengalir di
dalamnya adalah 0, 200 m. Selain itu, kecepatan air adalah 5,0 m/s.
Kemudian cari tahu laju aliran air melalui saluran dalam liter per detik
(L/s)?

Larutan:

Pertama-tama, kita perlu menemukan area saluran.

A = wh
A =( 1,20 m) (0,200 m) = 0,240 m2
Jadi, sekarang kita bisa menemukan laju aliran menggunakan rumus
laju aliran

Q = Av
Q =(0,240 m 2) (5,00 m/dtk) = 1,20 m 3/dtk /

Untuk jawaban dalam L/s kita perlu mengonversi 1,20 m 3/s dalam L/s menggunakan
1 m 3/s = 1000 L//s

Q = 1,20 m 3/s × 1000L/s 1 m 3///s


Q = 1200 L/dtk

Laju aliran saluran adalah 1200 L / s.

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