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ATOMS Class 12

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239 views19 pages

ATOMS Class 12

atoms notes

Uploaded by

aarav
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ee! eS F,.. ator. or a whole in elect: neutral becature “ts posi tus cnartg.e. prarerce or the. atom (Splat) equal tothe ragactive 3 evonge oF elecAtOnS prerunt inte sphere 1 2 Morn ‘in & positive gprare. of Tectia 404% in Which elee trong Fxg rN) Sega st ae positive chrme ond the whole. mars of The atom uniter, Aintrouted thoughout to s prove ¢d Faitinaly chevae. ¢, eo alae ‘clintsibut-ed Xo Eectran a ¢® oee eee e S positive ervorge Sat © Qucthar torcl E -treugh Hie, geld tei omy Pee sree a= particle) went straighter gre ee Oe imi produced “fleaher orm the scheen co ib etare, Gore cael. isi (| E viele a geld felts Tua-tae actor bo hollow, [mort Brahe se tine _ a FP Few particles cathicled witn the coms of the. te a9 hes seathyed on cle flected trough comicarcble longe. 079 \e- | Particles even turned back fowerds Source “itself. The entire. pee Chongesord oulenesh sehole- enao “ eoncontiated in small etre. called | | : 4 t= 4648m =s fermi | k (The cleerrn could not detleted the path ob aA particte, ig | (Cleerra ore very Lig ut Smee Be mn.g ada 0 Se f vradiun yw. What wiltl be thee ee | |> Wat Lee : Trusctainn “ip =) | Noten spa. etom j, | Truetens = solo oy Siok = eee Frneielaann am | | etm QE Distances o Cloreot approach = ew, @ (Erpack foramake), ‘ “the porponclicutar dstanes bw 7 “the path of a pajectile omd A | he cembem of a potential treld, 1 | e0.E eas | TRESKH SCPE TK Ee bm va = Re ot KEK = Kad 4, ee a AR ee Frmin | Yin min = _ ze W Ge Mg VG a WApact= poamete @ Am atpra yp mucloris ob ynv2) bomberrcla (a heavy nuucleap terrget ob chamge Ze. Than. tract stante, gi Closest 5 tevthe tpl meu mUCLeLYD WILL be, propertienal -to ou] Oe Oe os. Cviwee Teen i, Setar gaat hte Yrin, Trin = aa ® wun an of D fun OF | particle. of morn ¢ ar a . | bembrrda on actuary,” iow Oe ong. witty valoctty W! eRe its tithhe | ob etesent eppIsch tro tue. muscle NOE, 6) A 1 2 clepencts on &> m Om ss @ scanned with Oken Scanner 1 os ey ett i Fl a pectuorgerd Sscectted Sen When a project le. eb Chae AR ond Te My crm at nucloiin > ob change. Raand pean th, tne. Abstanee. a closest” eyppreach fr Yo. Tha. eettag cb bt proyectile. in Boca] ! Erily rae pation! te Az EUeL) a ae © mer flog. proper tenost-t0% é Gaiety pertional-te moan My of a.Ax 10% y Uy tH-al = FOX DP ofr coisa ary Ve a RKiolx Hh v= - we (aes) saxsot 1M obit ob H stom. br rege | (ES xR 5 Retoxne ante (m3)+ vere a ve RY | ae: S* He =) By ote Zh He. => Gos mack) m3 D grade "hs @ scanned with Oken Scanner WOE TRE = 4 oes (ne = cree Carine, £ wR KP ABE Tes S Gilt, Verne ke H—atm 4 =(aet_) yt = 24386 TES(Fig) tae a ey | CRD UAT SREY Lowent emenapy techs oe ommny 1 catlesl Gprumd state. of tres cclam, Spround stete- emungey of Hector = Guennd Sinte. emergey of Het far = ~94 Yeye a. temon ten 1462! eV = aie 13.6 Ce Qe ~eY Grown tate. emuepy of Li fom 2 yp 9, vey O @ scanned with Oken Scanner yb) eye ad slate! state. of adem alten “hen, the, Pend dele. “ane i is evel Sintera, Sree evetted slate, (24 aablyy BY second sexetled Stele, C@ gre ebil ) [they Cpls one bit) We a m= qrinivd cexetled sleles noha Cnlexeitert slate) Glatt) oebil, \ Healiny ae abit Gurogmd state | gnd abit AStexeited state | ged ornil ard evclted s pete | ie a | He \ eet } fate 7 34 exettod stele | newev © gtr orbit Fath crettect uate lo sy 6 5yev 0 orbit IS : oe (31 extitect state | 0. 4ReV iscclim Fraga i emaney @3e Soe tptmevan neg “reqatrcel to reave, om elerten fon gy . Tenlscctien Erorg ob dts atom on ion, "4 bre ini Potential Fre egy ot 00 fe Zevo Lo) whol witt be. tue, gennisalin EG Ob Hatem < racer gandsectio Prange eb Heri = 5.40 | le sorization emerge, ob BLIP lon = 429. 4eV Qaim Recthamdoret Seocttesi €expeninont: carseets omgta. ter on Seber [erava. (impre pevearneten, @aor @® azor © 0° \@s20" agp toy = fee = oa hte. total ote om Cleetoem Tn anatom in am cto t ee © “34 ev. Hs Kinetic arrl_ pstorciial Cayev.-osev Gauev. svev KE= 3.uev PE = -6.eeV a i ‘ 8 what Should be--pae emgalam rnopwncium of m electron in- Gens hydeegen. cctom Whase, energy te — 9 SU4eV? @n_ +4 @ scanned with Oken Scanner j At F ON The vadlun Of tex. birt pom mu Hed! Aohr aubit-, ter Te slestroy ina on. elem equal asa amd its ground Aon emungy! equods ~13:6 eV. Tr tee. electron ratus. hgrrgen odo “a veplaced og anuon (407) [thowge some, on edectron. amd monn 265 ame. tus. pire Bohr vadiein oma ground et | oneergy wlit be. [NEE Toclha — 2019) (Bra x40 m ,-13.6eV Bees —3.cev @ asex 48m, ~aeevn) ASQ, sb x10} m, —2-HeVKC) nel eae F een fehe] re begs = rR gkey 2 a or sttsolo , 207 = A t107 20,2 6x) AAR 22,5 K10%m | 1S tnrs model oft hylan. com tex. wat. betwmm tie, i porlod of vevoluttin ofan electra in-a cxbit+ of N=4 to te Pedod of Yavoluction of tre, electro intue abit NS h i Orq Gre | @23 Our hs Op ape4 1 a) “he gpad eban election inte gh orbi} of legdrregent. ecto ¢ ° @e OR Ol we. a(-EAin_osve & a ' v= (Gag) th 9 Ve Typtg > Sats lisael SS | @) tHe. amautom monuntwme of om electron. ina en in proportional te (Aire rhs gadtrers of abit] | Of Or, ur Gre L=™my MR mvt van —6 L=mvy ate Ka Latabant | Lager vide ge a | VY ot } nv x Ele coal ae t Lave | ey oy @) The bee tteld inctdetin produced ad--fex contre oF orbit dua fp Gem eleoten revolving in vith orbit of Incr i prepitina! te ¢ fg” ae ee | ne. Bnd @ scanned with Oken Scanner gn. byckeogene atom th -valned frome th. growed state. jon, “ indie emengry ound potential onus Incvang ent @ not kinetic emergy ovnd potential me doreane. Gfporential enarg ag inCreanen ond kinaHe emenpy dacrensen, TO potential emery olecrenasn emd Kiel tnemeasege 4 oe | FE TH 4 BI KL ete odie oH, vide EP = 0.614 eRe $>4a* mS na lec reo, inennyy met 2 + Behe fire fect barges contort 103 K4ot mt ee = 952.0" Exmiccion Spectr ———J 1s Of» I __ -0.38e¥ phund sexier # Jf} ae _____ a siey sf egcited siete Brackett Sevier ardeyel fed state | Poa clam sexier aiid ay a zi SEEN, semene ae Balmer sevien sexe ie LL bc, Pai, ag.ogev _ {| = na.yey || tymon semen AE = fo. nev | Greund cote |) | Ga=y ~— = 1 — -136ev Eminsion speclsusn : se eminnim spectrum ofa chemical elemart | 08 chemical compound # The tr i €lechoma mesic adliation omitted Se aie a tramititn from a Aighe emendy state 7 a tower orgy se | " @ scanned with Oken Scanner wy Pe jEreay sep War gy state, ee arm. absorpiion © Spectre ony pet Absnpiion Spectrum ~ a spectrum ob ce lide ctansmitled Trough. a bub store » Showin jbomds dub 10 absmrptim at speclffe wg. Lg excited 4st excited, = Greund eae > vena boanin --[nea) sth NM yte 4 ged orbit N=3, L ad evi MEL J MER @itiive, «eu ~——>, @ a, — a 3 bit (EB) Vhible water 2 abit (2) Geena eee a [Rea Grownd state a tine- Noma | F nif Gira) No oF Speetral Une sy 2br) | min @ scanned with Oken Scanner 7 N25 Merce - @ 125 2 ens ip — @D. n=3(Ociep : 4 a maa. US @ Bracket seria (oan) Phin striae hy icertint of all Wlamlonatil auton ae exited WUE. OM -eleetren cjuumpn from. om cuter orbits -to “the touvrl art be, tue electro Gjeumpn io Ny avblt= give, alae 10 Brackett ane Nee Resa] & Set es e | R> Infrared Re °. See. pweovrelens eine emitted whi Te Se caps from am Geen ovbi totus. Aft exit Oe eect Se ape te 2 ahbit gre git to prune sein tere [Ags Bo] omd 0) = 6.4. 8) --- eee | Spectral Sern Feegion SSE [img a] [4. bynon lultm vielet- i | ay ow Elen fa fa | Paoctan. Gnfeored 3 | aa | 4 Brackett |Ingra-red 4 ad [sj pred freed 5 =| [6 Hempiery Fax Inf ~vecl foSc... Vagese asa nancy orbit? S4et SPECTRAL SFRTES OF HY DROMIFN ATOM *Ft hon been chown-that faa enuyy of Te outer avbit > graxtur them the entry ob Ts imum dnatt T + whem THe Huiepen. atom h subjected fo external energy, jus ciectron jumps gre lower enemy state Le.tus. kydreger cctom. b excited : The. excelled state. f Umytable, Hence, fie electam retarn cto its qround Stete. in about Jo~*See, she exces em of energy be now rodtated trtus germ of- Madiatins of cifferent “waelengts Tne. clifferemt wavelr Cematipicte. spectral serio, ans oe me vr arR lay a] = @ scanned with Oken Scanner DRAWBACKS. RS MODEL). 7 meclel could not explain tue. tine Spee Structire-ob Spectras Une ss THUR won a splitting af Spectral line jn presente. ol MA nEHe Held (weombbn esgect) and electri bleldC Slane whieh eoutel nol exphined by goi7'S ‘moctel esbecl) FP Tis in valld fer single, electron. atom Ho Het, Litt [PTH model ty banel on cir euler orbits of electron but | in teality tune ome. no ely euler orbit: ‘ PTH modal cowed not explain fue rotemsl by of Spectral Une, F?TAls modded only coms felered particle. nature. of electron, | Aus. -ratlo of Wenelengtoy, of “tue. Lert omd tue loot Line ‘ort b a Gos, | D liver tue. vetue, of Fpsbirg conte oot v0! te wave rea | | oe, eet ED one Blonae cerieyin bysnegen goctrum D ny=2 [NEET “I 2016] wlu be. Bj =3 aS x sot mt © as xsct ma © 0.0arxs0¥ m4 Boas vist = & = 8 wet) seat ve | oede Ride -# Ve Gam ae 8} Ratio of Longent wenelengta cxrwempercting to Eymony orn ey Serie ain © byleogen poet J, os OF WE OR Ce Balmen aus a. MYHd era a AL. tesk | Aeelt-& dee [h -$7 - BE SAP ~ 8 AS FeAl Hee (af 2° Bos ar ae 4 BR @ scanned with Oken Scanner Pes Imi pa energy ob @ burtrogon, eclomnin- “ine ground Site. bs 13.6 @ ae ‘ontagy) oa Cetton (n -foo. Gist at BFW wie bes [@erncev ir G-avzev Wh, ©-su.vev @~eseyb] ieee ee ayre Clete in tue Myclrogem. clam gos. From. excited sete. | (neato its greund Stecte. (n=4) oynd thes photons ~teete emictied | prradiate. 0 pholosonaitive, meclerlol Th Hee. aanle tumetion of | due wnotevial be S40-V, tue sto pi poterital fy extt mated 40 be, Te te onary o4-tua eletern Inn Leale. en 2h eN) @siv @iardv Cup av av nea (45ev (medi - 2010) de Vo=> Stepping patertial snaev~ | ey = Uad- Sev | que = TAY cao aa A comida 274 orbit ag Het (ielium), uring mm -rlatvirtic | Appreceh-tie Speed oy electron in -tuir Gorbi+ will be- 2 | pgiven Keo xs02emstent, R= 207d hlplaneks exnstant =6.6%10 94] @ 0.43 x106-/5 B30 x s08 m5 2. x4 06/5 ve? arsoee 196 x 406ms | | | | | VEZ MNP IG M/S = HY bxIOb-m/s DI wien c-tee, sotiowing systems witi-tue. radices ebm tue best ( H+ (ED be, mint > G02) oubly imieed Utntum a D singisf ionized Wi hella rae ©@adeuidrtm ote. Fae] RODD @ ryrregens orto @ s¢om electen ina baplaegen. oom jeeps from. tue a [tac and orbit, Th emitts a phetm of wanelemgtn As UNM TS tt | from -tue gts arbit totne ped oxbit , tue conerporcti woorelengy (avert -ft 2046) Ob-fue. photon witl be. i Qa Wa GEa hea] 7. Aa a ep piece aa” ® [ats @ scanned with Oken Scanner Heed 3 fil ‘ ‘ amano Chere MAE oy, HE | SU tlyeregem: adem tn gpcmund atates fo eteilest by elo poeta | my 1% a= 97507. wumben ob spectre Chit TOs EE yy emitfecl will be. Aso @3 Ge bral tinen E> 1Q400 py a 4a, mo: oF Spectral UM? Sev = 18 HLA avrg \-oe sey _ (-4.sev ARATE.» | | -seqer—_]— me | wl itey 1 For whieh of-ntae- fellow! | > sinaty Infeed potion’ octem (Het) » Pewterm ctr 4) ingly imised owen acter (Ne Bony mocte] 1 net yatid? (2020 ; de tydregem. exter, from tuird exaited Slete.1, in beycbrogem. cxtem Hirst, gumpe Sr fo He Het 1 Oe ro pe cand Team dram second ce boul ge |"eccited stele Tes valo of ta, wonton A bis hoe ay ons Otis OR | arp mee heal to a > exe | 4° SE =k (AR. bet, = | R= Ae bd] | £1 aa ok - at Se RES cleetion of a stetionary hydrogen. ester perae> from toe. $f tes omy level to tue Cpeuund level» The elect hy “facet “tos i A | aegutved, an 0 roskt Of photon. emaatn wilt bey Pig a es eam @ sufel g572 agm QShR. Om te, mom of the. electron, R, Rydberg eonstemt omd A Plnek?a een stomt) i as ngs lege <—@n) ie helen \: fea MH Vatem= a | @) The. tramition fom tue inte, eee x= Like. onem ye scutts im Utteavilet radecion® tog, a a tat will be obteded tn tee. Lamatt dom ed radiation! wos QAO B. B) 3D) viible [pow ae | © 4 vote 4 @Qnfrared, rae | Senet @ scanned with Oken Scanner 219 5% fag ground State enengy oft i iev She Bie oe Fore f or are Venice. \—otern, i Heasectid wccted situ’, Wo oo ay @ suey @13.6ev @intrey } ae -12-6ev 025 @Dyeg= NT 1ey ~34eveynee 4 ee Er Sdevey nag (second Exebted site) denisetion Energy = i51e0 THe CVngulam speed ok cleetrm (rrfre rt cable ok bydlresen. atom be © directly propartional fo we : : VW By @ diweet proportional tow aie x inverse, propartienalcte 3 e = : wos Bx2 x Qzrverath papertoration, wa SAE, Og THe vasionn Sevier of tue, one @ speety wm, Hie one Lahn din completly tn tee weet stot wien b Fae ta @ Balmer sovien |@ povrchan Sevier. @ Brackett Sevier 4) facta” Cntumber of arbi!) inereaaen, tue differance ck Onerge, jptoewn- tue consecutive. emarga levels. | @eerraing tue some. creaacn \@Pecveaoer 1@ Somatimen Increaeen ovnd Sometinen alecresoe @ me, ratio 0 + Gaininitin anda salgiaiI warelong ty Oe wadiation emitted by transttonlot om electron to grond FEO of Bohr bnyelrOgen. oktern be / i Any BYe GPP rrr serio i 3 gos e | bad da Law = Rpt “epee [fer “Hh a tow ma -limen daon Ins. electro. go round “thedivst- Bor orbibin in Heetom; oe @ostrit! esr x10? Posrrid> (@os4 x0 fe e6tvsx Ze =) o-6iv soll = ee xs0!F mn @tue ratio of the emagier of the Epsgene gem the tist excited State te decond%oxcited Steck ® be Os/y @ 4/9 “G5 4, Exist excited site sine apie F ardecuted Sate a een @ which of-fue. seuowing, transitions Pa a Mydrogen. ectom rtm o badont Brey any 7 ap ae (@n-2 n=4 Sq-te 023 is Gnz3 t 4 o ney “085 be, fyequene Loree cs ee pa tes m1 -186 @ scanned with Oken Scanner @ the aaa oon ob bijerogem.—aleri qa > [energy of “pus tery Carreaponding te =F @-30. Mo. uy eV @-suhe GO -ossev fey hy &=9 | =Bes 6S | ~ av zs) Teg ev omy : | -OS4e Ve ne i 4 it to G35 tue, otpatren in elregen. atom Gump s fom eee Secone ob foe vadesedlrts oop Fee emit Bae |) given - @a= a 1G ea ork ® eG = i=3 I SR 3s ea[h4] ve 4eRLE/ =fp= Ze 6 3 %/ ER nom. oxtom i TL 9 Yi4 The, fetal oon Cleetron in foes Hy’ fa Stele b -136eV, The kinoh'c of Th @ 126 eV, ®o © fey @Desev [Wel =e . Gil Tambor 05 Bal mar BaD in beycregen. | Gece in Auntie fae warclengie of sit. “nen bere- VAD) I ( tus. Sorme. spect as @@) OB)a | emist OMe ae OO cece Ame) “3 Ny | wi S ground HRTF te 130 ey. >, | mats | ped If weet 4] = 38 qf l= | ASR a | @ waich states ob triply iontsed beryllium: (8279 hon tus soma orbhtal -radlun ove “That Ob, te poured State. oF bydreg-em 7 \@ 2 G3 Oy | vag | eet tlgnem 2 =O = | y= rent | @ Tyne PBN we tzaten | al ! @ An electron maker a tramition from orbit n=4y te tue abit n=2 | ob a tydrgeny am, which btu weweloygth of tus. emitted vadintions?” (Re Ryed berg's conctomb) | °@ss. @an AG 6 GR eR. eR 3r, | PREG sl | | CES @ scanned with Oken Scanner erp ee Leet “that = Pholon. interme Mie gm {TAYE EAM VEr¢e. Loarven CE Ai eo perrieae 82 caus howe. Wyle Prev aa. lore] . IMENT Combored ty visible. Ui Bx Pays crm vinible, Uiglet potons have. mobpertterny . >S pieh ve tae, COVE AWlation Ho. eleetTO IUCN Bolg og qe nen w ‘teoeon ol Bray mm ‘a BIL ound arcicllreg ic. wavelenetag F Nd - Aue, ae ob tee. mbit R5 @ az 4ne Dante Gy, i ie eh qutoare. inte opel (A Fes SJ @nysegen oe ore excited Grom aroun sel. tothe ne pa quantum NUM Ben S. Guin A 3 TROD obsumyed wilt “os @y i G24 im Bors atemnic metel sis i werwmel tnek forse, bol an eleetron-omd prot varien } Pp we verselag on, energy of tue sepstem wl avery propetional +o Gna eet Gab nk Fay, 4 E Sham de ir an KE = fon dea KWo vid be 1 A bor, dn > db vee Gre. peduet- oh cngularr Speed oms-tomgential speed oF electron in nth orbit of hoydleegpm acter b> ® divect ty + a = Weebly propartimal 40 7 Becca Perr We ye Oe propetinal ton Wye Sa aR 6 1 WV of Indspersint ee a 4, int atte 8 wen am electron vo freon. dram [zy Ta tow ae Gin specu Witte. @Ecand (?nen of salman 2% Fit Line, of Lymn S109 ie ope Panchan series First Line. o& pasclum serieo, [EG} Zp pilmem serion @ scanned with Oken Scanner rae athe. ADIT OH En MENG Cree Ds len wi 1 The. enungy ab luyshropen- cation VY Md ait ‘MWe mbit Sn Gal lente baer ter En Qen OE eee ee * prove. Lal alee. 7 lebed (A = 0-91.99) electom. gern (ve qote Go va) Teer with behave porrtiele, tun 4tear | [| Ang eof Treditence. Angle ol rele ts, % Pai ciference =aet sind) a on inter A= dlinfomee choum fu0b eonaecative, enptel plums. IEP Fiver Anrtevnee., ‘ : thes are | = nirtoriee, bihvien —homtans® tate sore, U pe y on cham of eliffraction- es wits elect, A= 0t= Broglia. warelengitr ow ociated GF erat ditfrnetin - Wino sea pen (easino =a) Oeveetron qua i Electrons of desired emuryy ove. procucad in it We ime procene | offer mianic emisalen, Bickel crystal di ffacts the electron beam. obtuned From electon. qn Nee enytl behonen Like. a tures. olimensional elu ffraction. getting, (@ peteeten (Tentrection chevmber) : Th delects tus cleetrm beam diffracted bertne, nickle onysted, @ conetunion end Hell i cewek between tue. ietentity CD of diffracted 2 leetror’s ovr aa omgle. wp [2jesks Re 1 [sion > vesay vesty @ scanned with Oken Scanner b+ 20-19 6% “Sano 1335 Bo'H0 =Ig6" 2 } 20 = 130° 6s | v Rd sino =A Wievoy { ay 8.9400 ¥Singst = Catal. one) =A | " Perera Ss | dexpeaee ‘TMaxinwn. ex of | my expermientod —— ie Pae= AEM ge = 42.2 a ee) | OO SaaS = scene Cheng) pypp.0-1 (Aerra) Om scattering experimunt, find ‘ue. cuirtano. of claret appreach, ipa 6MeV a ~ particle. b woe OF 2 107 om AY ax 10714 om yer 107" ™ Ozarng, ce oy kE= pe ee qse Cmev= K (Re)a20 paste. <@ a Ca co 4 Grey de Bx19eL Koro“! © ee nak oe d= GQ ° A= 4 x 402 x40 ThePx 19 x 2x 1ert0°D Ax 4 1D Cordon) Ae ib p.ep—o2 (Atom) 2 @) Eneryy levele A.B ofa cegiain etlom corres pend te increas tng vatuen "Bb emsagy ive. Eq Eg XP e.TH Ag , Buon Ay betas, wouelong tn corre eneliing -to tue, Tramltions Clo B Blo n end Cro Ae “renpective which abnyee following 6, coxrcet? Ig cart AL Ara. Qaa= 3 Dag = art Ar a Gar (te. Gad ARE Ea ~ aj -® ie : al a @ scanned with Oken Scanner

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