UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY

LAMBDA 650/850/950

Hardware Guide
2 . Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide

Release History

Part Number Release Publication Date

09300011 A January 2004

Any comments about the documentation for this product should be addressed to:

User Assistance
PerkinElmer Ltd
Chalfont Road
Seer Green
Beaconsfield
BUCKS
HP9 2FX
United Kingdom

Or emailed to: [email protected]

Notices
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Except as specifically set forth in its terms and conditions of sale, PerkinElmer makes no
warranty of any kind with regard to this document, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
PerkinElmer shall not be liable for errors contained herein for incidental consequential damages in
connection with furnishing, performance or use of this material.

Copyright Information
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever or
translated into any language without the prior, written permission of PerkinElmer, Inc.

Copyright © 2004 PerkinElmer, Inc.

Trademarks
Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such,
are protected by law.

PerkinElmer is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc.

e-ssentials is a trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 3

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ................................................................................... 3

Introduction...................................................................................... 5
Overview ............................................................................................... 6
Conventions Used in this Manual.............................................................. 7
Notes, Cautions and Warnings .......................................................... 7
Safety Practices ..............................................................................11
Overview ............................................................................................. 12
Precautions.......................................................................................... 13
General Operating Conditions ................................................................ 14
Environmental Conditions...................................................................... 15
Other Environmental Conditions ...................................................... 15
Electrical Safety.................................................................................... 17
Electrical Protection........................................................................ 17
Electrical Safety Issues ................................................................... 17
EMC Compliance................................................................................... 18
Warning Labels .................................................................................... 19
Fuses .................................................................................................. 21
Moving the Instrument.......................................................................... 22
System Description .........................................................................23
Overview ............................................................................................. 24
Optical System ..................................................................................... 25
Specifications ....................................................................................... 28
Lambda 650 Installation.................................................................33
Overview ............................................................................................. 34
Requirements ................................................................................ 34
Unpacking ........................................................................................... 35
Connecting to the Line Power Supply ..................................................... 37
Connecting the System Components ...................................................... 38
Connecting to the PC...................................................................... 38
Setting up the Instrument in the Software .............................................. 39
Calibrating the Instrument .............................................................. 42
Using the Instrument......................................................................45
Startup procedure ................................................................................ 46
The Single Cell Holder........................................................................... 47
Description .................................................................................... 47
Installing the Cell Holder ................................................................ 47
Aligning the Single-cell Holder......................................................... 48
Fine Alignment .............................................................................. 49
Minimum Volume Applications......................................................... 50
Instrument Purging (Lambda 850 and 950 only) ..................................... 52
Maintenance....................................................................................55
Overview ............................................................................................. 56
Daily Checks ........................................................................................ 57
Cleaning the Sample Compartment.................................................. 57
Sample Compartment Windows....................................................... 58
Use and Care of Cells ..................................................................... 58
Replacing a Lamp ................................................................................. 60
Halogen Lamp Replacement............................................................ 61
Deuterium Lamp Replacement ........................................................ 62
Replacement Parts................................................................................ 64
Accessory Installation ........................................................................... 65
Removing the parts of the Sample Compartment .............................. 65
4 . Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide

Removing the Detector Unit ............................................................ 67

Accessory Connector Panel.............................................................. 69
Specific Accessory Installation Overviews ......................................... 70
Pin Configuration............................................................................ 71
Introduction
 6 . Introduction

Overview
This hardware guide covers the operating instructions for the Lambda 650, Lambda 850 and
Lambda 950 instruments plus those maintenance routines that do not necessarily require a
PerkinElmer Service Engineer.

NOTE: Responsible Body: Individual or body responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment
and for ensuring that OPERATORS are adequately trained.

There are separate manuals for the Sphere and Universal Reflectance accessories which can
be found on the Lambda 650/850/950 Manuals CD.

This manual is divided into following chapters:

Chapter 1 Introduction

This chapter contains a brief introduction on the instrument, the conventions and warnings
used in the manual.

Chapter 2 Safety Practices

Important safety information is provided in this chapter. It is the same information as given
in the Lambda 650/850/950 Getting Started Guide that shipped with your instrument.

Chapter 4 System Description

This chapter contains information on the components of the instrument, how it works and
instrument specifications.

Chapter 5 Lambda 650 Installation

Information on installing Lambda 650 instrument. Only the 650 should be customer
installed, the 850 and 950 instruments should be installed a PerkinElmer Service
representative. This is the same information given in the Lambda 650/850/950 Getting
Started Guide that shipped with your instrument.

Chapter 6 Using the Instrument

Startup procedure and general instructions for using the instrument are provided.

Chapter 7 Maintenance

Maintenance and cleaning procedures for the various components of your instrument are
provided.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 7

Conventions Used in this Manual

Normal text is used to provide information and instructions.

Bold text refers to text that is displayed on the screen.

UPPERCASE text, for example ENTER or ALT, refers to keys on the PC keyboard. '+' is used
to show that you have to press two keys at the same time, for example, ALT+F.

All eight digit numbers are PerkinElmer part numbers unless stated otherwise.

Notes, Cautions and Warnings

Three terms, in the following standard formats, are also used to highlight special
circumstances and warnings.

NOTE: A note indicates additional, significant information that is provided with some procedures.
8 . Introduction

CAUTION We use the term CAUTION to inform you about situations that could
result in serious damage to the instrument or other equipment. Details
about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

D Caution (Achtung)
Bedeutet, daß die genannte Anleitung genau befolgt werden muß, um
einen Geräteschaden zu vermeiden.
DK Caution (Bemærk)
Dette betyder, at den nævnte vejledning skal overholdes nøje for at
undgå en beskadigelse af apparatet.
E Caution (Advertencia)
Utilizamos el término CAUTION (ADVERTENCIA) para advertir sobre
situaciones que pueden provocar averías graves en este equipo o en
otros. En recuadros éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de
circunstancias.
F Caution (Attention)
Nous utilisons le terme CAUTION (ATTENTION) pour signaler les
situations susceptibles de provoquer de graves détériorations de
l'instrument ou d'autre matériel. Les détails sur ces circonstances
figurent dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.
I Caution (Attenzione)
Con il termine CAUTION (ATTENZIONE) vengono segnalate situazioni
che potrebbero arrecare gravi danni allo strumento o ad altra
apparecchiatura. Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un
riquadro come questo.
NL Caution (Opgelet)
Betekent dat de genoemde handleiding nauwkeurig moet worden
opgevolgd, om beschadiging van het instrument te voorkomen.
P Caution (Atenção)
Significa que a instrução referida tem de ser respeitada para evitar a
danificação do aparelho.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 9

We use the term WARNING to inform you about situations that could
result in personal injury to yourself or other persons. Details about
these circumstances are in a box like this one.
WARNING
D Warning (Warnung)
Bedeutet, daß es bei Nichtbeachten der genannten Anweisung zu einer
Verletzung des Benutzers kommen kann.
DK Warning (Advarsel)
Betyder, at brugeren kan blive kvæstet, hvis anvisningen ikke
overholdes.
E Warning (Peligro)
Utilizamos el término WARNING (PELIGRO) para informarle sobre
situaciones que pueden provocar daños personales a usted o a otras
personas. En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información
sobre este tipo de circunstancias.
F Warning (Danger)
Nous utilisons la formule WARNING (DANGER) pour avertir des
situations pouvant occasionner des dommages corporels à l'utilisateur
ou à d'autres personnes. Les détails sur ces circonstances sont
données dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.
I Warning (Pericolo)
Con il termine WARNING (PERICOLO) vengono segnalate situazioni
che potrebbero provocare incidenti alle persone. Troverete
informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.
NL Warning (Waarschuwing)
Betekent dat, wanneer de genoemde aanwijzing niet in acht wordt
genomen, dit kan leiden tot verwondingen van de gebruiker.
P Warning (Aviso)
Significa que a não observância da instrução referida poderá causar
um ferimento ao usuário.
10 . Introduction
Safety Practices
12 . Safety Practices

Overview
This chapter describes the general safety practices and precautions that must be observed
when operating the Lambda 650/850/950.

This advice is intended to supplement, not supersede, the normal safety codes in the user's
country. It is also a supplement to the PerkinElmer standard Safety and Health Policy. The
information provided does not cover every safety procedure that should be practiced.
Ultimately, maintenance of a safe laboratory environment is the responsibility of the analyst
and the analyst's organization.

Please consult all manuals and CDs supplied with the Lambda 650/850/950 and accessories
before you start working with the instrument. Carefully read the safety information in this
chapter and in the other manuals supplied. When setting up the instrument or performing
analyses or maintenance procedures, strictly follow the instructions provided.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 13

Precautions

Be sure that all instrument operators read and understand the

precautions listed below. It is advisable to post a copy of the
precautions near or on the instrument itself.

WARNING

The following precautions must be observed when using the Lambda 650/850/950:

• Connect the instrument to a correctly installed line power outlet that has a protective
conductor (earth/ground).

• Do not attempt to make internal adjustments or replacements except as directed in this

handbook.

• Do not operate the instrument with any covers or parts removed.

• Servicing should be carried out only by a PerkinElmer service representative or similarly

authorized and trained person.

• Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources before opening it for any
adjustment, replacement, maintenance, or repair. If, afterwards, the opened instrument
must be operated for further adjustment, maintenance, or repair, this must only be
done by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.

• Use only fuses with the required current rating and of the specified type for
replacement.

• Do not use makeshift fuses or short-circuit the fuse holders.

If the equipment is used in a manner not specified herein the protection

provided by the equipment may be impaired.

WARNING
 14 . Safety Practices

General Operating Conditions

The Lambda 650/850/950 has been designed and tested in accordance with PerkinElmer
specifications and in accordance with the safety requirements of the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The Lambda 650/850/950 conforms to IEC61010-1
(Safety Requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use)
as it applies to IEC Class 1 (earthed) appliances and therefore meets the requirements of EC
directive 73/23/EEC.

This instrument meets the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Standard CAN/CSA-C22.2
No. 1010.1-92: Laboratory Equipment.

Only use the Lambda 650/850/950 indoors and under the following conditions:

Temperature 15 oC to 35 oC

Relative Humidity 80% maximum (non-condensing)

If possible, avoid any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened, operating
instrument. If any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened instrument is
necessary, this must be done by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.

Whenever it is likely that the Lambda 650/850/950 is unsafe, make it inoperative. The
Lambda 650/850/950 may be unsafe if it:

• shows visible damage

• fails to perform the intended measurement

• has been subjected to prolonged storage in unfavorable conditions

• has been subjected to severe transport stresses.

NOTE: The instrument must always be positioned so that it can easily be disconnected from the
power supply.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 15

Environmental Conditions
The instrument has been designed to be safe under the following conditions:

• Indoor use

• Altitude up to 2000 m

• Ambient temperatures of 5 oC to 40 oC

• A maximum ambient relative humidity of 80% for temperatures up to 31 oC, decreasing

linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40 oC

• Mains fluctuations not exceeding + 10% of the nominal voltage.

This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive

atmosphere.

WARNING

Other Environmental Conditions

Chemicals

Use, store, and dispose of chemicals that you require for your analyses in accordance with
the manufacturer’s recommendations and local safety regulations.

Hazardous Chemicals
Some chemicals used with this instrument may be hazardous or may
become hazardous after completion of an analysis.
WARNING The responsible body (for example, Laboratory Manager) must take
the necessary precautions to ensure that the surrounding workplace
and instrument operators are not exposed to hazardous levels of toxic
substances (chemical or biological) as defined in the applicable
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or OSHA, ACGIH, or COSHH
documents.
Venting for fumes and disposal of waste must be in accordance with
all national, state and local health and safety regulations and laws.

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S.A.)

ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (U.S.A)
COSHH: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (U.K.)
16 . Safety Practices

Toxic Fumes

If you are working with volatile solvents or toxic substances, you must provide an efficient
laboratory ventilation system to remove vapors that may be produced when you are
performing analyses.

Waste Disposal

Waste containers may contain corrosive or organic solutions and small amounts of the
substances that were analyzed. If these materials are toxic, you may have to treat the
collected effluent as hazardous waste. Refer to your local safety regulations for proper
disposal procedures.

Deuterium lamps and other spectral lamps are maintained under reduced pressure. When
you dispose of lamps that are defective or otherwise unusable, handle them correctly to
minimize the implosion risk.

UV Radiation

You should be aware of the health hazards presented by ultraviolet radiation.

• When the deuterium (UV) lamp is illuminated, do not open the spectrophotometer
covers unless specifically instructed to do so in the manual.

• Always wear UV-absorbing eye protection when the deuterium lamp is exposed.

• Never gaze into the deuterium lamp.

Compressed Gases

Handle cylinders of compressed gas with care, in accordance with local regulations.

We recommend that gas cylinders be located outside the laboratory and the gases led to the
laboratory through approved gas supply lines.

Use only approved tubing, connectors, and regulators for gas supply lines.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 17

Electrical Safety
The instrument has been designed to protect the operator from potential electrical hazards.
This section describes some recommended electrical safety practices.

Electrical Hazard
Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the
instrument or disconnection of the protective conductor (earth/ground)
terminal is likely to make the instrument dangerous.
WARNING Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Lethal voltages are present in the instrument

• Even with the power switch OFF, line power voltages can still be
present within the instrument.
• When the instrument is connected to line power, terminals may be
live, and opening covers or removing parts (except those to which
access can be gained without the use of a tool) is likely to expose
live parts.
• Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the
instrument has been disconnected from all voltage sources.

Electrical Protection
Insulation: Class I as defined in IEC 61010-1.

Installation Category: The instruments are able to withstand transient overvoltage according
to Installation Category II as defined in IEC 61010-1 and IEC 664.

Pollution Degree: The equipment will operate safely in environments that contain non-
conductive foreign matter and condensation up to Pollution Degree 2 as defined in IEC
61010-1 and IEC 664.

Electrical Safety Issues

To ensure satisfactory and safe operation of the instrument, it is essential that the
green/yellow lead of the line power cord is connected to true electrical earth (ground).

If any part of the instrument is not installed by a PerkinElmer service representative, make
sure that the line power plug is wired correctly:

Terminal Cord Lead Colors

International USA

Live Brown Black

Neutral Blue White

Protective Conductor Green/Yellow Green

(earth/ground)
18 . Safety Practices

EMC Compliance

EC directive

This product complies with the minimum immunity requirements of IEC 61326 and has been
tested to the relevant parts of the following standards:

IEC 61000-4-2
IEC 61000-4-3
IEC 61000-4-4
IEC 61000-4-5
IEC 61000-4-6
IEC 61000-4-11

This product complies with EN 55011 Group 1 Class A and with IEC 61000-3-2 and
61000-3-3.

FCC rules and regulations

This product is classified as a digital device used exclusively as industrial, commercial, or

medical test equipment. It is exempt from the technical standards specified in Part 15 of the
FCC Rules and Regulations based on Section 15.103 (c).
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 19

Warning Labels

When this label is attached to an instrument it means refer to the

manual.

WARNING

The following electrical warnings are shown on the rear of the instrument, as identified in
Figure 1:

Warning symbols shown on

the spectrometer housing

Figure 1 Lambda 650/850/950 Spectrometer

20 . Safety Practices

The following warnings are shown on the inside of the lamp compartment, as identified in
Figure 2:

Lamp compartment

Figure 2 Position of the lamp compartment

 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 21

Fuses

Electrical hazard
To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument,
switch OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the
line power supply before you alter, or make any new, electrical
WARNING connections.

The fuses are located in a fuse holder at the rear of the instrument, as shown in Figure 3.

Fuse Holder

Figure 3 Rear view, fuse holder

1. Switch off the instrument and remove the line power cord from the electrical supply.

2. Squeeze in and lever out the two lugs at each side of the fuse holder one at a time
using a flat-headed screwdriver

3. Gently pull out the fuse holder.

Fuse Holder

Figure 4 Removing the fuse holder

4. Replace the fuses with new ones of the same type and rating (3.15 A time delay).

NOTE: The module has two fuses and you should always replace both at the same time, even if only
one blew, as the other may have been weakened.

5. Replace the fuse holder by aligning the lug at the bottom of the fuse holder with the
slot in the socket and then pushing the holder into place.
A click is heard as each lug snaps into place.

NOTE: If you use the correct fuses but the instrument still does not work correctly, or the fuses
blow repeatedly, contact your PerkinElmer office or representative.
22 . Safety Practices

Moving the Instrument

The instrument weighs about 76 kg. Four people are needed to lift the
instrument.

WARNING

If you must move the instrument any great distance, especially if the
instrument may be subject to vibrations or jolts, contact your local
CAUTION PerkinElmer service representative for guidance or help.

If you are only moving the instrument within the laboratory or to a nearby laboratory then
use four people and lift the instrument using the handholds, as shown in Figure 5.

Placement of hands
under instrument

Figure 5 Lifting the Instrument

System Description
24 . System Description

Overview
The Lambda 650, 850 and 950 are versatile spectrometers operating in the ultraviolet visible
(UV/Vis) spectral ranges. Additionally, the Lambda 950 operates in the near infrared region.
The spectrometer features a double-beam, double monochromator, ratio recording optical
system.

These instruments are usable in a wide range of applications as indicated by their

performance specifications.

Purge inlets Lamp compartment

Power switch

Sample
compartment

Detector compartment Connector panel

or accessory

Figure 6 Lambda 650/850/950 spectrometer features

 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 25

Optical System
The Lambda 650/850/950 Spectrometer features an all-reflecting, double-monochromator
optical system. The optical components are coated with silica for durability. Holographic
gratings are used in each monochromator for the UV/Vis range and the NIR range.

The optical system is depicted schematically in Figure 7.

DL M3

HL
M1 FW

NIR
Monochromator I
M2 G2
UV/Vis
SA Monochromator II
NIR
G1
UV/Vis
M5 M4
M7 M6
CBM

M9
C

R M11
M10 PM (below PbS)
RBA
Dp M12 M13
PbS

SBA S M12΄ M13΄

M10΄ M14
M11΄
M8

Sample Detector
Compartment Compartment

Figure 7 Schematic of Optical System

Two radiation sources, a deuterium lamp (DL) and a halogen lamp (HL), cover the working
wavelength range of the spectrometer.

For operation in the near infrared (NIR) and visible (Vis) ranges, source mirror M1 reflects
the radiation from the halogen lamp onto mirror M2. At the same time it blocks the radiation
from the deuterium lamp.
26 . System Description

For operation in the ultraviolet (UV) range, mirror M1 is raised to permit radiation from the
deuterium lamp to strike source mirror M2. Source change is automatic during
monochromator slewing.

Radiation from the respective source lamp is reflected from mirror M2 via mirror M3 through
an optical filter on the filter wheel assembly (FW) to mirror M4.

The filter wheel is driven by a stepping motor to be in synchronization with the

monochromators. Depending on the wavelength being produced, the appropriate optical
filter is located in the beam path to prefilter the radiation before it enters the
monochromator. Filter change is automatic during monochromator slewing.

From mirror M4 the radiation is reflected through the entrance slit of Monochromator I. All
slits are located on the slit assembly (SA). The radiation is collimated at mirror M5 and
reflected to the grating table G1. Depending on the current wavelength range, the collimated
radiation beam strikes either the UV/Vis grating or the NIR grating (NIR version only).

The radiation is dispersed at the grating to produce a spectrum. The rotational position of
the grating effectively selects a segment of the spectrum, reflecting this segment to mirror
M5 and then through the exit slit. The exit slit restricts the spectrum segment to a near-
monochromatic radiation beam. Grating change is automatic during monochromator slewing.

The exit slit of Monochromator I serves as the entrance slit of Monochromator II. The
radiation is reflected via mirror M6 to the appropriate grating on grating table G2 and then
back via mirror M6 through the exit slit to Mirror M7. The rotational position of grating table
G2 is synchronized to that of G1. The radiation emerging from the exit slit exhibits high
spectral purity with an extremely low stray radiation content.

In the UV/Vis and NIR range a choice is provided between a fixed slit width, a servo slit, and
a slit program. When the servo slit is selected, the slit widths change automatically during
scanning to maintain constant energy at the detector.

From mirror M7 the radiation beam is reflected via toroid mirror M8 to the chopper assembly
(C). As the chopper rotates, a mirror segment, a window segment and two dark segments
are brought alternately into the radiation beam.

When a window segment enters the beam, radiation passes through to mirror M9 and is then
reflected via mirror M10 to create the reference beam (R).

When a mirror segment enters the beam the radiation is reflected via mirror M10΄ to form
the sample beam (S).

When a dark segment is in the beam path, no radiation reaches the detector, permitting the
detector to create the dark signal.

The radiation passing alternately through the sample and reference beams is reflected by
mirrors M11, M12, M13, and M11΄, M12΄, M13΄, respectively of the optics in the detector
assembly onto the appropriate detector. Mirror M14 is rotated to select the required detector.
A photomultiplier (PM) is used in the UV/Vis range while a lead sulfide (PbS) detector is used
in the NIR range. Detector change is automatic during monochromator slewing.

At the cell plane, each radiation beam is approximately 12 mm high. The width of the
radiation beams is dependent on the slit width. At a slit width of 5 nm each radiation beam is
approximately 4.5 mm wide.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 27

To permit minimum sample volumes to be measured in micro cells, the height of the
radiation beam must be reduced in the active cell area.

A common beam mask (CBM) is mounted between the slit assembly (SA) and mirror M7. This
mask restricts the cross-section of both the sample beam and the reference beam in the
respective cell area. The radiation beam can be reduced from the maximum height of 11.7
mm to 0.0 mm in 50 steps.

During all scanning operations, the monochromators stop slewing while a filter, source, or
detector change is in progress.

NOTE: You can select the source or detector change wavelength within a defined wavelength range.
This facility is useful if a feature of special spectral interest is located at one of the default
change wavelengths.

The spectrometer scans from higher toward lower wavelengths.

There is an optional depolarizing filter (DP) accessory, which can be swung into the beam.

There are internal attenuators for the Lambda 850 and 950 which can be swung individually
into the sample beam (SBA) and the reference beam (RBA). The attenuators have the
values: 0%, 1%, 10% and 100%. The Lambda 650 requires manual attenuators to be
placed as required (L6020277 – 10% attenuator, L6020276 – 1% attenuator).
28 . System Description

Minimum Performance Specifications

Specification Lambda 950 Lambda 850 Lambda 650

Principle Double beam, double Double beam, double Double beam, double
monochromator, ratio recording monochromator, ratio monochromator, ratio
UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer recording UV/Vis recording UV/Vis
with microcomputer spectrophotometer with spectrophotometer with
electronics, controlled by DELL microcomputer electronics, microcomputer electronics,
PC or compatible personal controlled by DELL PC or controlled by DELL PC or
computer. compatible personal computer. compatible personal
computer.

Optical system All reflecting optical system All reflecting optical system All reflecting optical system
(SiO2 coated) with holographic (SiO2 coated) with holographic (SiO2 coated) with
grating monochromator with grating monochromator with holographic grating
1440 Lines/mm UV/Vis blazed 1440 Lines/mm UV/Vis blazed monochromator with
at 240 nm and 360 Lines/mm at 240 nm, Littrow mounting, 1440 Lines/mm UV/Vis
NIR blazed at 1100 nm, Littrow sample thickness compensated blazed at 240 nm, Littrow
mounting, sample thickness detector optics. mounting, sample thickness
compensated detector. compensated detector
optics.

Beam Splitting Chopper (46+ Hz, Cycle: Chopper (46+ Hz, Cycle: Chopper (46+ Hz, Cycle:
System Dark/Sample/Dark/ Reference, Dark/Sample/Dark/ Reference, Dark/Sample/Dark/
Chopper Segment Signal Chopper Segment Signal Reference, Chopper
Correction CSSC). Correction CSSC). Segment Signal Correction
CSSC).

Detector Photomultiplier R6872 for high Photomultiplier R6872 for high R955 Photomultiplier, giving
energy in the whole UV/Vis energy in the whole UV/Vis high energy throughout the
wavelength range. wavelength range. whole UV/Vis range.

Peltier cooled PbS detector for

NIR.

Source Pre-aligned tungsten-halogen Pre-aligned tungsten-halogen Pre-aligned tungsten-halogen

and deuterium. and deuterium and deuterium.

Wavelength Range 175 nm–3300 nm 175 nm–900 nm 190 nm– 900 nm

(N2 purge required

below 185 nm)

UV/Vis Resolution ≤0.05 nm ≤0.05 nm ≤0.17 nm

NIR Resolution ≤0.20 nm N/A N/A

 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 29

Specification Lambda 950 Lambda 850 Lambda 650

Stray Light

At 200 nm (12 g/l KCl >2A >2A >2A

USP/DAP method)

At 220 nm (10 g/l NaI ≤0.00007 %T ≤0.00007 %T ≤0.0001 %T

ASTM method)

At 340 nm (50 mg/l ≤0.00007 %T ≤0.00007 %T ≤0.0001 %T

NaNO2 ASTM method)

At 370 nm (50 mg/l ≤0.00007 %T ≤0.00007 %T ≤0.0001 %T

NaNO2 ASTM method)

At 1420 nm (H20 1 cm ≤0.00040%T N/A N/A

pathlength)

At 1690 nm (CHCl3 4 cm ≤0.0015 %T N/A N/A

pathlength)

At 2365 nm (CHCl3 1 cm ≤0.0005 %T N/A N/A

pathlength)

Wavelength Accuracy +/- 0.08 nm UV/Vis +/- 0.08 nm +/- 0.15 nm

+/- 0.30 nm NIR

Wavelength
Reproducibility

UV/Vis (Deuterium Lamp ≤0.020 nm ≤0.020 nm ≤0.06 nm

Lines)

NIR (Deuterium Lamp ≤0.080 nm N/A N/A

Lines)

Standard deviation of 10 ≤0.005 nm ≤0.005 nm

measurements UV/Vis

Standard deviation of 10 ≤0.020 nm N/A

measurements NIR

Photometric Accuracy

Double Aperture +/- 0.0006 A +/- 0.0006 A +/- 0.0012 A

Method 1 A

Double Aperture +/- 0.0003 A +/- 0.0003 A +/- 0.0006 A

Method 0.5 A

NIST 1930D Filters 2 A +/- 0.003 A +/- 0.003 A +/- 0.003 A

NIST 930D Filters 1 A +/- 0.003 A +/- 0.003 A +/- 0.003 A

NIST 930D Filters 0.5 A +/- 0.002 A +/- 0.002 A +/- 0.002 A

K2Cr2O7 Solution +/- 0.010 A +/- 0.010 A +/- 0.010 A

USP/DAP method
30 . System Description

Specification Lambda 950 Lambda 850 Lambda 650

Photometric Linearity
(Addition of filters
UV/Vis at 546.1 nm, Slit
2 nm, 1-sec. integration
time)

At 1.0 A +/- 0.006 A +/- 0.006 A

At 2.0 A +/- 0.017 A +/- 0.017 A

At 3.0A +/- 0.020 A +/- 0.020 A +/- 0.02 A

Photometric
Reproducibility

1 A with NIST 930D ≤0.00016 A ≤0.00016 A ≤0.0008 A

Filter at 546.1 nm
Standard Deviation for
10 measurements

0.5 A with NIST 930D ≤0.00008 A ≤0.00008 A

Filter at 546.1 nm
Standard Deviation for
10 measurements

0.3 A with NIST 930D ≤0.00008 A ≤0.00008 A ≤0.0004 A

Filter at 546.1 nm
Standard Deviation for
10 measurements
(2 nm Slit, 1 sec.
integration time)

Photometric Range 8A 8A 6A

Photometric Display Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

Bandpass 0.05 nm–5.00 nm in 0.01 nm 0.05 nm–5.00 nm in 0.01 nm 0.17 nm–5.00 nm in 0.01
increments UV/Vis range increments UV/Vis range nm increments UV/Vis range

0.20 nm–20.00 nm in 0.04 nm Fixed resolution, constant Fix resolution, constant

increments NIR range energy or slit programming. energy or slit programming.

Fixed resolution, constant

energy or slit programming.

Photometric Stability ≤0.0002 A/h ≤0.0002 A/h ≤0.0003 A/h

(After warm-up at 500
nm, 0 A, 2-nm Slit, 2-
sec. integration time,
Peak to Peak)

Baseline Flatness +/- 0.0008 A +/- 0.0008 A +/- 0.0008 A

(190 nm–3100 nm, 2 nm Slit, (190 nm–860 nm, 2 nm Slit, (200 nm – 850 nm, 2 nm slit,
Gain 1 NIR, 0.20 sec. UV/Vis– 0.20 sec. integration time, no 0.20 sec integration time, best-
0.24 sec. NIR integration time, smoothing applied) fit line)
no smoothing applied)
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 31

Specification Lambda 950 Lambda 850 Lambda 650

Photometric Noise
RMS

0 A and 190 nm ≤0.00010 A ≤0.00010 A ≤0.00010 A

0 A and 500 nm ≤0.00005 A ≤0.00005 A ≤0.00005 A

2 A and 500 nm ≤0.00020 A ≤0.00020 A ≤0.00020 A

4 A and 500 nm ≤0.00100 A ≤0.00100 A ≤0.00200 A

6 A and 500 nm ≤0.00500 A ≤0.00500 A

0 A and 1500 nm ≤0.00004 A

2 A and 1500 nm ≤0.00100 A

3 A and 1500 nm ≤0.00300 A

(2 nm Slit, 1-sec.
integration time, Gain 1
NIR)

Sample Compartment 200 mm x 300 mm x 220 mm 200 mm x 300 mm x 220 mm 200 mm x 300 mm x 220 mm
Instrument (W x D x H)

Purging

Optics YES YES NO

Sample Compartment YES YES NO

Instrument Dimensions 1020 mm x 630 mm x 300 mm 1020 mm x 630 mm x 300 mm 1020 mm x 630 mm x 300 mm
(W x D x H)

Instrument Weight 76 kg 76 kg 76 kg

Digital I/O RS 232 C RS 232 C RS 232 C

Light Beam 90 mm above the base plate 90 mm above the base plate 90 mm above the base plate
120 mm beam separation 120 mm beam separation 120 mm beam separation
3 mm–12 mm beam height 3 mm–12 mm beam height 3 mm–12 mm beam height

Instrument
Requirements

Power 90 VAC–250 VAC, 50/60 Hz; 90 VAC–250 VAC, 50/60 Hz; 90 VAC–250 VAC, 50/60 Hz;
250 VA 250 VA 250 VA

Temperature 10 °C–35 °C 10 °C–35 °C 10 °C–35 °C

Recommended 10–70% relative humidity, 10–70% relative humidity, 10–70% relative humidity,
Humidity non-condensing non-condensing non-condensing
32 . System Description
Lambda 650 Installation
34 . Lambda 650 Installation

Overview

Only the Lambda 650 is designed to be customer installed.

CAUTION For the Lambda 850 or 950 please arrange for installation with your
local PerkinElmer Service Representative.

Requirements
For maximum stability and minimum maintenance, observe the following requirements when
choosing where to site the instrument:

• A firm base free from vibration.

• Enough space around and underneath the instrument for efficient air circulation, as
shown in Figure 8.

• A constant temperature between 15 ºC and 35 ºC.

• Constant humidity between 20% and 80% relative humidity.

• An atmosphere free from dust and corrosive fumes.

• Keep out of direct sunlight. Illumination with diffuse lighting is ideal.

• A suitable source of electrical power should be located in the vicinity of the instrument,
in this case a proper earth-grounded 3-wire electrical outlet.

• The standard sample compartment baseplates have drain holes in them to run off
spilled liquids to the benchtop underneath the instrument. If required, place a sheet of
thick filter paper under the instrument.

102 cm (41 inches)

74 cm (30 inches)

Figure 8 Space Requirements

 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 35

Unpacking

Take great care when installing your Lambda 650, and follow the
procedures described in this manual. If you require assistance, contact
CAUTION your local PerkinElmer Service Representative.

The instrument weighs about 76 kg. Four people are needed to lift the
instrument.

WARNING

1. Unpack the components carefully, using four people to lift the instrument itself.
Keep the packing materials for possible future storage or reshipment.

Placement of hands
under instrument

Figure 9 Lifting the Instrument

2. Check that you have the following items:

Part No. Description

UV WinLab Software Kit (ES or Standard)

09300004 Lambda 650/850/950 Getting Started Guide

09300005 Lambda 650/850/950 User Manuals CD

B0505071 2 Single-cell holders

B0142227 Screwdriver 5.5 mm

B0126972 Screwdriver 4.0 mm

 36 . Lambda 650 Installation

Part No. Description

B0859227 Long crosshead screwdriver

B0180242 Connecting cable, Spectrometer to PC

Country specific power lead

B0155573 Spare fuse drawer

B0508454 Ferrite choke

L6020235 Hinge cover plate

B0155573 Spare fuses (ten 3.15 A T)

L6020277 2 10% manual attenuators

L6020276 2 1% manual attenuators

NOTE: The two manual attenuators are only supplied with a Lambda 650.

3. Examine the components for any signs of damage in shipment:

• Check the entire outer cabinet of the spectrometer for damage, and make sure
that terminals, fuse holders, etc. are not damaged.

• Open and close the sample compartment cover, checking that it moves freely
without binding.

• Make sure that the compartment is free of dust or other foreign matter.

NOTE: In the event of damage or missing parts, file an immediate claim with the authorized carrier,
and inform your PerkinElmer office or representative.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 37

Connecting to the Line Power Supply

Electrical Hazard
To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument,
first make any electrical connections in the system before connecting to
WARNING the line power supply.
The spectrometer automatically adjusts to the correct operating voltage.
Before starting the instrument for the first time, make sure that the
correct fuse is fitted to your line power supply.
• If you have a different fuse, change it for the correct one.
• Do not connect the spectrometer to the line power supply if the
wrong fuse is fitted.

4. Make sure that the correct fuses are fitted in the holder at the rear of the spectrometer
(see Fuses on page 21).

NOTE: The module has two fuses.

5. Make sure that the plug fitted to the line power cord provided with the spectrometer is
suitable for your local electrical outlets.
If it is not, remove it and fit a plug conforming to the local regulations.

6. After all connections have been made between the various components of the system,
make certain that all Power switches are set to off, then connect the line cords to the
electrical power supply.
The Power switch is located at the top right-hand rear of the spectrometer.

NOTE: To prevent interferences caused by earth loops when operating with ancillary instruments
(for example, printers), connect all components of the system to the same phase of the
electrical supply via a multisocket distributor.
 38 . Lambda 650 Installation

Connecting the System Components

Electrical Hazard

To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument,

switch OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the
WARNING line power supply before you alter, or make any new electrical
connections.

• The PC and the printer may be placed either side of the spectrometer, but must not be
placed on top of the spectrometer.
When placing instruments side by side, always leave a small gap between them.

• Make sure that air can circulate freely over and under the system as well as behind it.

• Do not place anything on or under any of the components that could hinder free air
circulation.

Connecting to the PC
¾ The PC is connected using the connection marked COMPUTER on the right side of the
instrument, as shown in Figure 10.

PC connection

Figure 10 PC Connection

NOTE: We suggest that you place the ferrite choke supplied with the instrument around the lead.

NOTE: You can use an external printer for hard-copy printouts of the analytical results. The printer
is connected via the PC.

To install the software, refer to the instructions that shipped with your software package.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 39

Setting up the Instrument in the Software

Before you can use your instrument with UV WinLab software, you must set up the
instrument in the UV WinLab Explorer.

NOTE: If your instrument is Service installed you should not need to do this.

1. With the instrument switched on, in the Main pane of the UV WinLab Explorer select
Instruments.
The Instruments page is displayed.

2. Double-click Add New Instrument, .

The New Instrument Wizard starts.

3. Select the type of instrument from the drop-down list.

The Description below the drop-down list details the available instruments for the
selected type.

4. Click Next.
40 . Lambda 650 Installation

5. Select the instrument type to add from the drop-down list, and if required, select
Make this the default instrument.

6. Click Next.

7. From the drop-down list, select the Port the instrument is connected to.

8. Click Next.
The software will automatically perform a check to see if the correct instrument is
attached to the selected port and switched on, and will display a Warning message if
not.
You may then be asked to confirm the serial number of the instrument.

9. Check the serial number on the right-hand side of the instrument, where the PC
connects to the instrument, correct it if necessary, and click Next.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 41

10. Enter a Name for the instrument.

The Name you enter will be displayed in the Explorer beneath the instrument icon. It
can be edited in future if required.

11. Select whether a Common Beam Depolarizer, Double Polarizer / Depolarizer,

and/or manual Attenuators are installed.
These can be selected if you are going to use them, even if they are not currently
installed.

NOTE: Manual Attenuators are only available for the Lambda 650, the Lambda 850 and 950 have
automatic attenuators. The Common Beam Depolarizer requires a firmware command to be
enabled.

12. Click Next.

The Finished page displays all the selected settings.

13. If all the settings are correct, click Finish to close the wizard and add the instrument.
The Wizard closes, a confirmation message that the instrument has been successfully
installed is displayed, and the instrument is displayed in the Explorer.

OR

Click Back to return to the previous page(s) and amend the settings as required.
 42 . Lambda 650 Installation

Calibrating the Instrument

Once the instrument is set up in the software you will need to calibrate it.

NOTE: Make sure that the instrument has been switched on for at least an hour before calibrating it.

14. From the Instruments page of the Explorer, right-click on the new instrument and select
Calibrate.
The Calibration Utility dialog is displayed.
The dialog displays the names of the routines, a description, the last calibration date of
the routine, and whether the test is enabled.

15. To view (and change) the settings for a particular routine, highlight the routine in the
table and then click Settings.
The settings dialog for the selected routine is displayed.

NOTE: Settings is not available for Slit Calibration.

16. Select the routines to be performed by the calibration.

There are three calibration routines available - UV/Vis Two Peak (see page 42 for
details), Slit Calibration, and 0%T (see page 43 for details). All of these routines
should be performed.
A check mark indicates the routine is selected and will be performed.

17. Click Calibrate.

The calibrations are performed in the order listed in the table. Messages below the table
show the progress of the calibration.
When a calibration has passed, a green check mark is displayed in the first column of
the table. If the test fails, a red cross is displayed. In such an event please contact your
local PerkinElmer Service Representative.

18. When the calibration has finished, click Close to close the dialog.
The date and time of the calibration is recorded in the instrument event log.

NOTE: It is not possible to print the calibration results.

Your instrument is now ready to be used.

UV/Vis Two Peak Calibration

This calibrates the UV/Vis wavelength range.

¾ Select Manual set, Manual set 1 peak, Manual set 2 peaks, Auto search 1 peak,
or Auto search 2 peaks.

• Manual set enables you to enter the offset and factor (without the need to
determine the values in advance).

• Manual set 1 peak enables you to change the offset. A well known peak can be
shifted to an exact wavelength by entering values of Old Peak 1 and New Peak
1.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 43

• Manual set 2 peaks enables you to change the offset and factor by specifying
the old and new values of 2 well known peaks by entering values of Old Peak 1,
New Peak 1, Old Peak 2 and New Peak 2.

• Auto search 1 peak enables you to change the offset. The software performs an
automatic search for the D2 peak at 656.1 nm. The measured peak is then shifted
to the exact wavelength.

• Auto search 2 peaks enables you to change the offset and factor. The software
performs an automatic search for the D2 peak at 656.1 nm and the peak at 0.0 nm.
The measured peaks are then shifted to the exact wavelengths.

0%T

This calibrates the electronic offsets.

¾ Select Auto to enable the software to determine the required offset.

OR

Enter the required Calibration offset value to be used.

44 . Lambda 650 Installation
Using the Instrument
 46 . Using the Instrument

Startup procedure
NOTE: If you have purchased accessories you may want to install these first before commencing
with the Startup procedure. An overview of accessories is available on page 70, see also the
specific documentation for the accessory.

Do not turn power to the instrument on and off quickly as this may
damage the power supply.
CAUTION
Wait at least 30 seconds before re-starting.

1. Open the sample compartment cover.

2. Make sure that the beam paths are free from obstruction.
This means that no objects (for example, cables) project into the beam paths, no
samples are in the sample compartment, and any accessories are properly installed.

NOTE: If the sample compartment is obstructed during the startup procedure, the spectrometer will
not initialize correctly.

3. Close the sample compartment.

4. Switch on the power switch located at the top right hand corner of the instrument as
shown in Figure 11.
The switch will light up when there is power to the instrument.

Power switch

Figure 11 Power Switch

5. Switch on any accessories.

6. Wait until all instrument initialization is complete before starting the UV WinLab
software.
This will take approximately three minutes from switching the power on.

NOTE: We recommend that for optimal performance of the instrument you should leave the
spectrometer switched on for approximately one hour to allow the lamps to warm up and
stabilize before starting analysis.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 47

The Single Cell Holder

Description
There are two single-cell holders provided with the instrument, one for the sample beam and
one for the reference beam. The single-cell holders are mounted on a plinth to bring them in
line with the radiation beam.

Locking screw
for horizontal
alignment

Vertical adjustment
screw

Milled post
Lifter

Locking screw
for horizontal
alignment

Figure 12 Single Cell Holder B0505071

Installing the Cell Holder

Install the plinth in the sample compartment as follows:

1. Lower the plinth so that the two locating holes slip onto the two locating pins on the
baseplate in the sample compartment, as shown in Figure 13.
The plinth only fits one way round.

Locating Pin Locating Pin

Thumbscrew Thumbscrew

Figure 13 Fitting the plinth to the baseplate in the sample compartment

2. Screw the two thumbscrews by hand into the baseplate.

Install the single-cell holder in the sample compartment as follows:

3. Orientate the holder so that the word LAMBDA is toward the front of the sample
compartment (see Figure 14 below).

4. Lower the holder so that the two locating holes slip onto the two studs on the two
locating pins on the plinth in the sample compartment.
 48 . Using the Instrument

The cell holder only fits one way round.

Locating Pin Drain Hole

Retaining Screw
Cover Plate

Sample Holder
and Plinth

Tube Ports

Figure 14 Lambda 650/850/950 Sample Compartment Baseplate

5. Move the milled posts a little to locate the threaded holes in the baseplate, and then
tighten the milled posts.
You can lead tubes and connecting cables for accessories into the sample compartment
through either the tube ports, located at the front of the sample compartment, or the
opening located at the left rear of the sample compartment under the cover plate.
When not in use, you should always insert the caps into the tube ports and keep the
cover plate fixed in place.
The cover plate is fixed in place by a retaining screw.

Aligning the Single-cell Holder

Coarse alignment of the single cell holder is carried out as follows:

1. Open the sample compartment cover.

2. Fill cells with a low-absorbing solvent (deionized water or ethanol).

3. Insert one cell into the sample cell holder and one into the reference cell holder.
Make certain that the cell is pushed down fully.

NOTE: The alignment procedure is for a given cell in a given holder. After alignment, the cell should
always be used in the same holder.

4. From The UV WinLab Explorer, select the instrument you are using and select Manual
Control from the Tools menu.

5. From the Manual Control window, select Data Collection in the treelist and then select
Alignment Mode on the page.

6. Block the sample and reference beam windows on the right side of the sample
compartment with a card to prevent white light from saturating the detector.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 49

7. By holding a piece of matt white paper behind each cell holder, visually examine the
light spot to see that the radiation beam is passing through the cell sample area.
Diffraction patterns become apparent if the radiation beam impinges on the cell wall.

8. If the radiation beam is not centered exactly, loosen the two locking screws and the two
milled posts on the relevant cell holder and shift the cell holder plate to center the
radiation beam.
Then retighten the two milled posts and the two locking screws.

9. Visually check the vertical alignment of the radiation beam in the cell sample area.
Alignment is correct when the radiation beam is just above the floor of the cell sample
area (minimum 2 mm) or covers the cell window.

NOTE: The center of the window for micro flowcells should be ideally approximately 15 mm above
the base of the cell.

Min. 2 mm

Figure 15 Correct alignment of the radiation beam in the cell sample area

10. If alignment is required, turn the vertical adjustment screw on the lifter either clockwise
to raise the cell, or counterclockwise to lower the cell.

11. Recheck the horizontal alignment of the radiation beam through the cell and correct if
necessary.

12. Slew the monochromator to any value above 200 nm.

13. Remove the card blocking the sample beam window and close the sample compartment
cover.
This completes the coarse alignment of the cell holders. If necessary, proceed with the
fine alignment as described below.

Fine Alignment
If fine alignment is necessary, proceed as follows:

1. Slew the monochromator to your measurement wavelength or to 460 nm.

2. Call up a method that uses transmission (%T) as the ordinate.

3. If necessary change the ordinate mode to transmission.

4. Remove the reference cell from the sample compartment.

 50 . Using the Instrument

5. Make horizontal fine alignment to the sample cell holder (locking screws and milled
posts loosened) to obtain the highest possible transmittance reading on the display.
Close sample compartment cover while measuring transmittance.

6. Make fine alignment using the vertical adjustment screw again to obtain the highest
possible reading.
Close sample compartment cover while measuring transmittance.

7. When you are satisfied with the alignment, tighten the milled posts and the locking
screws on the cell holder.

8. Reinstall the reference cell in the reference cell holder.

9. The sample cell remains in its holder.

10. Repeat steps 4 to 6 with the reference cell holder, but this time obtain the lowest
possible transmittance reading on the display.
This completes the fine alignment procedure.

NOTE: When the cell holder has been aligned once, you can take it out and reinstall it without
aligning it again.

Minimum Volume Applications

To measure minimum sample volumes, use microcells (offered by PerkinElmer).

The minimum sample volume required is a function of the cell internal width or volume and
is specified below.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 51

Cell Type Cell Pathlength Minimum Part

Internal Volume Number
Width Required

Height of 2 mm 1 cm 150 µL B0079404

liquid slightly (pair)
more than
height of 4 mm 1 cm 300 µL B0079402
beam (pair)

Cell Pathlength Minimum Part

Volume Volume Number
Required

Cell window 0.5 µL 0.01 cm 2 µL B0510076

completely
filled with 2.5 µL 0.5 cm 5 µL B0510077
liquid
5 µL 0.1 cm 10 µL B0510078

5 µL 1.0 cm 10 µL B0505823

30 µL 1.0 cm 50 µL B0190608

NOTE: You should align microcells very carefully in the radiation beam by following the procedures in
Aligning the Single-cell Holder on page 48. When aligning microcells, fill each cell with the
minimum volume of liquid specified in the above table to make sure that the liquid meniscus
is not in the radiation beam.
52 . Using the Instrument

Instrument Purging (Lambda 850 and 950 only)

Always purge the instrument with an inert gas such as Nitrogen. Never
use a flammable gas such as Hydrogen.

WARNING

Oxygen absorbs radiation in the UV range below 190 nm, while water vapor absorbs
radiation in the NIR range between 1350 nm and 1450 nm, 1850 nm and 1950 nm, and also
between 2520 nm and 3000 nm. Best accuracy for measurements in these spectral regions
can only be obtained when the spectrometer is purged with nitrogen.

The entire optical compartment of the spectrometer is sealed. Radiation from the source
lamps enters the optical compartments through a window. The sample compartment is also
sealed from the optical compartment by windows. Thus the entire optical radiation path from
virtually the source lamp to the detector can be purged largely free of water vapor and
oxygen.

Fittings are provided on the left side of the spectrometer for connection of a supply of
nitrogen, as shown in Figure 16. The inlet nearest the rear of the instrument is for the
sample compartment and the one nearest the front of the instrument is for the main optical
compartment. After purging these compartments the nitrogen escapes to atmosphere.

Purge inlets

Figure 16 Connectors for the purge gas supply

You should keep the sample compartment closed during routine operation to prevent the
ingress of water vapor and oxygen. Do not leave the sample compartment cover open for
longer than is necessary to perform operations within the sample compartment. After closing
the sample compartment purge for several minutes before starting the measurement.

When the spectrometer has been standing for some time unpurged, an initial flow of 20
L/min is recommended. After the spectrometer has been thoroughly purged, the flow can be
reduced to between 6 L/min to 7 L/min.

When you have a good deal of work in a spectral region where water vapor or oxygen
absorb the radiation, we recommend that you purge the spectrometer more or less
continuously. This has the advantage that startup times are markedly shorter. This
advantage is somewhat offset by the increased consumption of nitrogen.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 53

NOTE: A Nitrogen Purge Accessory Kit, comprising of a filter and a flow controller with flowmeter, is
offered as an option. With this kit you can control the gas flow more accurately.

NOTE: The Lambda 650 does not have this purge facility.
54 . Using the Instrument
Maintenance
56 . Maintenance

Overview

Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing

Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements or repairs to this

instrument except as described here. Only a PerkinElmer service
WARNING representative or similarly trained and authorized person should be
permitted to service the instrument. Please contact your local
PerkinElmer sales or service office.

This chapter describes the routine maintenance procedures required to keep your instrument
in proper working condition and to ensure the highest possible level of performance. It
includes maintenance checks that should be done on a daily basis and maintenance
procedures that should be done periodically depending on instrument use. This chapter is
divided into several sections, each section covering maintenance procedures for a particular
component of the system.

You should perform only the maintenance procedures described in this chapter. If additional
maintenance is required, contact a PerkinElmer Service Engineer.

Before using any cleaning or decontamination methods except those

specified here, users should check with PerkinElmer that the proposed
CAUTION method will not damage the equipment.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 57

Daily Checks
The instrument is constructed with high quality components and requires little maintenance
other than to keep it clean and free of dust.

To protect the optical system from dust and fumes, you should keep the sample
compartment cover closed except for when you are carrying out work in the compartment.

The sample compartment windows should always be installed.

You should observe the following care routine to maintain your instrument in good condition:

• Immediately clean all spilled materials from the affected area and wipe it dry with lint
free paper or cloth.
If you have to wipe the sample compartment windows, make sure you do not introduce
scratches. The windows are optical components and you should handle them in the
sampe way as high quality cells.

• Do not leave samples, particularly those given to fuming or evaporation, in the sample
compartment for longer than necessary.

• If any type of sample handling system is installed and portions of it are left in the
sample compartment (such as a sipper and flowcell), make certain that the system is
cleaned at the end of the working day.
Generally, such systems should be filled with deionized water when left overnight.

Spills
Take care not to spill liquids onto the spectrometer.
CAUTION Expensive damage can result to the optics or electronics if liquids are
spilled and run inside the instrument.

Cleaning the Instrument Covers

You can clean the outside of the instrument using a damp cloth. Mild detergent may be
used, if necessary. Always perform a patch test on an inconspicuous area of the instrument,
before you clean the entire instrument.

Cleaning the Sample Compartment

You must clean the sample compartment every time anything is spilled into it. This preserves
the matt black finish, and prevents corrosion and contamination.

The standard sample compartment baseplates have drain holes, as shown in

Figure 17, in them to run off spilled liquids to the benchtop underneath the instrument. If
required, place a sheet of thick filter paper under the instrument.
58 . Maintenance

Drain Holes

Figure 17 Drain holes in standard sample compartment baseplate

1. First remove the cell holder or other sample handling accessory from the sample
compartment.

2. Using a soft cloth and mild laboratory detergent solution, lightly scrub away all foreign
material.

3. Using a clean cloth dampened with water, rinse the cleaned surfaces thoroughly.

4. Dry with lint free cloth or tissue.

Sample Compartment Windows

Four windows are provided with the spectrometer. The windows are made of silica and may
be used in the entire spectral range of the spectrometer.

The windows seal the sample compartment and thus protect the instrument’s optics from
dust and fuming or aggressive samples.

• Generally, the windows should be installed at all times.

• The windows are an optical component and require the same care and handling as cells.

• The windows can be removed to clean them. Each window has a magnetic frame and
can be carefully removed by hand.
Windows are most suitably cleaned by wiping them with a soft cloth moistened with
ethanol.
Replace the window in its original position after cleaning.

Use and Care of Cells

A good spectrometer cell is an optical device, forming a part of the optical system of the
instrument with which it is used. It must be accorded the same careful treatment applied to
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 59

any optical component. Optical faults of a minor nature, scratches, lint, finger marks, etc. on
the optical surfaces can easily introduce substantial analytical errors.

You should observe the following list of cell handling rules to prevent analytical errors and to
achieve utmost precision:

• Only hold cells by non-optical surfaces, such as the matt finish surfaces.

• Protect cells from scratches, and never permit them to rub against one another or
against other hard surfaces.

• Avoid abrasive, corrosive or stain-producing cleaning agents, and make certain that the
exposed surfaces of cells are optically clean.

• Always wipe the optical surfaces of cells dry and free of finger marks, using a soft cloth
or cleaning tissue, just before placing them in the cell holder.

• When measuring cold solutions, always bear in mind that condensation can form on the
optical surfaces.

• Make certain no bubbles cling to the inner surfaces of the cell, particularly when
handling cold solutions.

For maximum precision and accuracy, calibrate and test with cells of the same type, and
always insert cells into the holders with the same orientation.
60 . Maintenance

Replacing a Lamp
If a lamp failure warning message is displayed, or you are seeing excessive noise on the
baseline, you can replace the lamps as follows.

Electrical Hazard
High voltages are present at the lamp connectors in the lamp
compartment – severe electric shock hazard.
Never unplug or plug in a lamp cable while power is ON.
WARNING Switch off the spectrometer and remove the plug from the electrical
supply before starting with the replacement.

High Temperatures - Risk of Burns

Lamps soon become very hot, make sure that the lamps and the lamp
compartment have cooled to room temperature before you touch them.

UV Radiation
The lamps emit intense UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
Do not open the lamp compartment when the lamps are on.
Do not gaze into a lighted lamp.

The source lamps are located in the lamp compartment at the top left rear of the
spectrometer, as shown in Figure 18.

Lamp compartment

Figure 18 Lamp compartment

 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 61

Halogen Lamp Replacement

If the lamp burns out, or if the bulb becomes blackened after prolonged use, you should
replace the lamp. Replacement lamp assemblies (B0114620) are provided complete with
pre-aligned mounts.

Figure 19 Pre-aligned Halogen Lamp

1. Switch off the spectrometer and disconnect the line power cord, if necessary wait until
the lamps and lamp compartment have cooled to room temperature.

2. Remove the lamp compartment cover by lifting vertically from the handhold on the rear
of the instrument.

Figure 20 Removing the lamp cover

3. Remove the lamp cover by undoing the two screws and lifting vertically.

4. Carefully pull the halogen lamp connector from the rear of the halogen lamp, as shown
in Figure 21.
 62 . Maintenance

Halogen lamp
connector

Halogen lamp
assembly

Thumbscrew (halogen lamp)

Figure 21 Removing the halogen lamp connector

5. Remove the halogen lamp assembly from the bracket by slackening the thumbscrew
and pulling the lamp mount vertically upward.
Save the thumbscrew for use with the new lamp assembly.

6. Unpack the new lamp assembly, taking care to hold it only by the metal mount to
prevent finger marks on the bulb.

7. Slip the slot at the base of the lamp mount over the stud on the bracket in the lamp
compartment and then secure with the thumbscrew.

8. Carefully push the halogen lamp connector firmly onto the pins on the base of the
halogen lamp.

9. Wipe the halogen lamp bulb with a soft cloth moistened with alcohol to remove dirt,
since this would otherwise be burned in when the lamp is hot.

10. Replace the lamp compartment cover by lowering it into position.

This completes the halogen lamp replacement procedure.

NOTE: Due to the pre-aligned mounts, the alignment of lamps after installation is generally so good
that further alignment is not required.

Deuterium Lamp Replacement

If the lamp burns out, or indicates falling energy after prolonged use, you should replace the
lamp. Replacement lamp assemblies (B0160917) are provided complete with pre-aligned
mounts.

Operating Hours Counter

Figure 22 Pre-aligned Deuterium Lamp Assembly (B0160917)

 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 63

NOTE: An operating hours counter is incorporated in the red deuterium lamp lead. By means of a
gap between the two display bars it is possible to read off the number of hours that the lamp
has been in operation. One scale division corresponds to approximately 100 hours.

1. Switch off the spectrometer and disconnect the line power cord, if necessary wait until
the lamps and lamp compartment have cooled to room temperature.

2. Remove the lamp compartment cover by lifting vertically from the handhold on the rear
of the instrument.

3. Remove the lamp cover by undoing the two screws and lifting vertically.

4. Unplug the deuterium lamp connector by squeezing in the two lugs at each side of the
connector and carefully pulling the connector vertically upward.

Deuterium lamp assembly

Thumbscrew (deuterium lamp)

Deuterium lamp connector

Figure 23 Removing the deuterium lamp connector

5. Remove the lamp assembly from the bracket by slackening the thumbscrew and pulling
the lamp mount vertically upward.
Save the thumbscrew for use with the new lamp assembly.

6. Unpack the new lamp assembly, taking care to hold it only by the metal mount to
prevent finger marks on the lamp window.

7. Slip the slot at the base of the lamp mount over the stud on the bracket in the lamp
compartment and then secure with the thumbscrew.

8. Plug the deuterium lamp connector into the socket.

NOTE: The socket in the lamp compartment is asymmetric; the deuterium lamp connector can be
inserted in one direction only. Make certain that the connector is the right way round before
inserting it. Never attempt to insert the connector by force.

9. Wipe the lamp window with a soft cloth moistened with alcohol to remove dirt, since
this would otherwise be burned in when the lamp is hot.

10. Replace the lamp compartment cover by lowering into place.

This completes the deuterium lamp replacement procedure.

NOTE: Due to the pre-aligned mounts, the alignment of lamps after installation is generally so good
that further alignment is not required.
64 . Maintenance

Replacement Parts
Supplies, accessories, and replacement parts can be ordered directly from PerkinElmer.
e-ssentials, PerkinElmer’s catalog service, offers a full selection of high-quality ultraviolet
supplies, see essentials.perkinelmer.com.

Quantity Item Part Number

1 Pack of 10 fuses 3.15 A time delay B0155573

1 RS 232 printer cable B0166569

1 Deuterium Lamp, pre-aligned B0160917

1 Halogen Lamp, pre-aligned B0114620

1 Thumbscrew for lamp mount B0119371

1 Set of Sample Compartment Windows for B0505982

Lambda 950

1 Set of Sample Compartment Windows for L6020417

Lambda 850 or 650

1 Single Cell Holder B0505071

 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 65

Accessory Installation

Electrical Hazard
To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument,
switch OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the
line power supply before you alter, or make any new, electrical
WARNING connections.

NOTE: To operate the spectrometer with some accessories, for example Peltier cell changers, you
need an accessory printed circuit board (PCB) fitted in the connector panel. The accessory
PCB will be installed by a PerkinElmer service engineer.
This section of the manual details changes that may need to be made to the basic
spectrometer before installing an accessory and an overview of the installation required for
some of the specific accessories. Full procedures for installing the accessories in the
spectrometer are described in the directions provided with the respective accessories.

Removing the parts of the Sample Compartment

Removing the Sample Compartment Cover

1. Open the sample compartment cover so that the lid is at 90 degrees.

2. Push back on the base of the lid to release the three lugs holding it in place.

3. Lift the whole lid vertically to remove.

NOTE: To re-fit the lid, make sure the lugs are properly inserted into the holes and then holding the
lid vertically, pull it towards the front the instrument making sure the lugs are fully locked
into place.
66 . Maintenance

Removing the Sample Compartment Windows

¾ Each window has a magnetic frame and can be carefully removed by hand.
Replace the window in its original position.

Removing the Sample Compartment Baseplate

1. With the sample compartment cover open or removed, undo the four thumbscrews
shown in Figure 24.

Thumbscrews Thumbscrews

Figure 24 Four thumbscrews on the sample compartment baseplate

2. Lift the baseplate up off the locating pins and remove it from the sample compartment.

Removing the Sample Compartment

1. After removing the sample compartment cover and baseplate as described above, undo
the four retaining screws shown in Figure 25.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 67

Retaining Screw

Locating Slot

Retaining Screws

Retaining Screw

Locating Hole

Figure 25 Four retaining screws in the sample compartment

2. Lift up the sample compartment off the locating pins and remove it from the
spectrometer.

Removing the Detector Unit

Electrical Hazard
The connector for the detector unit carries high voltage (130 V dc).
Switch off and disconnect the instrument before removing or fitting a
detector/accessory unit.
WARNING

1. Switch off the spectrometer and disconnect the line power cord.

2. Open the sample compartment cover.

3. Undo the two retaining screws located under the blanking caps on the top of the
detector (Figure 26) and are accessible using the long posidrive screwdriver supplied
with the instrument.

Retaining screws under

blanking caps

Figure 26 Undoing the retaining screws

68 . Maintenance

4. Remove the detector compartment cover by carefully lifting vertically using the two
hand holds, as shown in Figure 27.

Hand holds

Figure 27 Removing the detector compartment cover

5. Move the detector unit carefully to the right and remove from the spectrometer.
The detector unit is installed by performing this procedure in reverse, tightening the
retaining screws and making sure the blanking caps are in place.

Make sure you screw down the detector unit as this creates the earth
bonding for elctrical safety.

WARNING

Details of the installation procedure for a sphere or Universal Reflectance Accessory (URA)
are given in the relevant manual on the Lambda 650/850/950 User Manuals CD.
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 69

Accessory Connector Panel

The accessory panel is fitted with an RS 232 interface and two 15-pin connector sockets.
There are also three slots for the accessory printed circuit boards (PCB) for those accessories
that require them.

Sites for accessory PCBs

15-Pin Accessory Sockets marked RS 232 Interface Socket marked

ACCESSORY 1 on the left and ACCESSORY 2 COMPUTER (25 way D-type,
on the right (15 way HD D-type, maximum maximum voltage ± 12 V
voltage -12 to +24 V)
Figure 28 Connector Panel for Accessories

NOTE: The insulation of externally connected accessories should meet the requirements of IEC
61010-1 or IEC 60950.

Peltier Cell Holder

Peltier Cell Changer

Automatic Cell Changer

External PC
Printer Temperature Sensor

Sipper

Figure 29 Possible accessories for a Lambda 650/850/950

 70 . Maintenance

Specific Accessory Installation Overviews

NOTE: The Sphere and URA accessories are covered in separate manuals on the Lambda
650/850/950 User Manuals CD.

Automatic Cell Changers

Connector on Spectrometer: 15-pin connector

Installation: See cell changer manual

Cables: Lead through bottom of spectrometer housing

Tubes: Lead through bottom of spectrometer housing

Sample Compartment Cover: Unchanged

Alignment: See cell changer manual

Temperature Sensor

Connector on Spectrometer: Slot in accessory board

Installation: See temperature sensor description

Cables: Lead through the tube ports

Sample Compartment Cover: Unchanged

NOTE: When connecting the temperature sensor, align the red mark on the plug with the red mark
on the socket. Pull back the collar on the plug to connect/disconnect the plug. Release the
collar to secure the plug.

Sippers

Connector on Spectrometer: 15-pin connector

Installation: See sipper manual

Cables: See sipper manual

Tubes: See sipper manual

Sample Compartment Cover: Install special sipper sample

compartment front plate and cover
 Lambda 650/850/950 Hardware Guide . 71

Sipper

Spectrometer
Connector Panel

Figure 30 Sipper, electrical connection

Pin Configuration
There are two 15-pin connectors fitted to the connector panel of the Lambda 650/850/950
spectrometer to connect accessories. The connectors are identically configured so that the
accessories can be connected to any of them. The pin numbering is shown in Figure 31, and
the configuration is given in the following table.

Figure 31 Pin configuration of 15-pin connector

Pin Configuration Description Pin Configuration Description

1 GND D Ground 9 Not used
(Digital) logic
2 +5 V Logic power 10 Not used
supply
3 Not used 11 +12 V Analog
power supply
4 GND P Ground Power 12 GND A Ground
Analog
5 +24 V Power Supply 13 -12 V Analog
power supply
6 Not used 14 SCL Serial clock
7 Not used 15 SDA Serial data
8 Not used
72 . Maintenance