G2M Fintech - by Laws
G2M Fintech - by Laws
G2M Fintech - by Laws
OF
ARTICLE I
SUBSCRIPTION, ISSUANCE AND TRANSFER OF SHARES
Section 1. Subscriptions - Subscribers to the capital stock of the Corporation shall pay
the value of the stock in accordance with the terms and conditions prescribed by the Board
of Directors. Unpaid subscriptions shall not earn interest unless determined by the Board of
Directors.
Section 2. Certificates - Each stockholder shall be entitled to one or more certificates for
fully paid stock subscription in his name in the books of the Corporation. The certificates
shall contain the matters required by law and the Articles of Incorporation. They shall be in
such form and design as may be determined by the Board of Directors and numbered
consecutively. The certificates shall be signed by the President, manually countersigned by
the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, and sealed with the corporate seal.
No share of stock against which the Corporation holds any unpaid claim shall be
transferable in the books of the Corporation.
All certificates surrendered for transfer shall be stamped "Cancelled" on the face
thereof, together with the date of cancellation, and attached to the corresponding stub with
the certificate book.
Section 4. Lost Certificates - In case any certificate for the capital stock of the
Corporation is lost, stolen, or destroyed, a new certificate may be issued in lieu thereof in
accordance with the procedure prescribed under Section 72 of the Revised Corporation
Code.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
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meetings may be attended by the stockholders in person or by remote communication
through video or teleconference or such other means as may be permitted by applicable law
or regulation.
Section 2. Special Meetings - The special meetings of stockholders, for any purpose or
purposes, may at any time be called by any of the following: (a) the Board of Directors, at its
own instance or at the written request of stockholders representing a majority of the
outstanding capital stock; or (b) the President.
When the meeting of stockholders is adjourned to another time or place, it shall not
be necessary to give any notice of the adjourned meeting if the time and place to which the
meeting is adjourned are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At
the reconvened meeting, any business that might have been transacted on the original date
of the meeting may be transacted.
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may be revoked by the stockholders either in an instrument in writing duly presented and
recorded with the Secretary prior to a scheduled meeting or by their personal presence at the
meeting.
Section 8. Closing of Transfer Books for Fixing of Record Date - For the purpose of
determining the stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any meeting of stockholders
or any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of any dividend, or of making a
determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose, the Board of Directors may
provide that the stock and transfer books be closed ten (10) working days immediately
preceding such meeting. In lieu of closing the stock and transfer books, the Board of
Directors may fix in advance a date as the record date which shall in no case be more than
twenty (20) days prior to the date, on which the particular action requiring such
determination of stockholders is to be taken, except in instances where applicable rules and
regulations provide otherwise.
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. Powers of the Board of Directors - Unless otherwise provided by law, the
corporate powers of the Corporation shall be exercised, all business conducted and all
property of the Corporation controlled and held by the Board of Directors to be elected by
and from among the stockholders. Without prejudice to such general powers and such other
powers as may be granted by law, the Board of Directors shall have the following express
powers:
a) From time to time, make and change rules and regulations not inconsistent
with these By-Laws for the management of the Corporation's business and
affairs, including its Manual of Corporate Governance;
b) To purchase, receive, take or otherwise acquire, for and in the name of the
Corporation, any and all properties, rights, interests or privileges, including
securities and bonds of other corporations, as the transaction of the business
of the Corporation may reasonably or necessarily require, for such
consideration and upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors
may deem proper or convenient;
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f) To make provisions for the discharge of the obligations of the Corporation as
they mature, including payment for any property, or in stocks, bonds,
debentures, or other securities of the Corporation lawfully issued for the
purpose;
j) To delegate, from time to time, any of the powers of the Board of Directors
which may lawfully be delegated in the course of the current business or
businesses of the Corporation to any standing or special committee or to any
officer or agent and to appoint any persons to be agents of the Corporation
with such powers and upon such terms, as may be deemed fit; and
k) To implement these By-Laws and to act on any matter not covered by these
By-Laws, provided such matter does not require the approval or consent of
the stockholders under any existing law, rule or regulation.
Section 2. Directors, Election and Term - The members of the Board of Directors must
each have at least one (1) share of the capital stock of the Corporation. They shall be elected
during each regular meeting of stockholders and shall hold office for one (1) year and until
their successors are elected and qualified. The Board of Directors shall have at least two (2)
independent directors, or such number constituting at least twenty percent (20%) of such
Board of Directors.
A director may be removed from office, with or without cause, at any time, by the
affirmative vote of the stockholders holding or representing at least two thirds (2/3) of the
outstanding capital stock entitled to vote in a regular or special shareholders’ meeting called
for the purpose and held after due notice a s provided in Section 27 of the Revised
Corporation Code.
Section 3. Vacancies - Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors other than by
removal by the stockholders or by expiration of term, may be filled by the vote of at least a
majority of the remaining directors, if still constituting a quorum; otherwise, the vacancy
must be filled by the stockholders at a regular or at any special meeting of stockholders
called for the purpose. A director so elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected only for the
unexpired term of his predecessor in office.
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Any directorship to be filled by reason of an increase in the number of directors shall
be filled only by an election at a regular meeting or at a special meeting of stockholders duly
called for the purpose, or in the same meeting authorizing the increase of directors if so
stated in the notice of the meeting.
The vacancy resulting from the removal of a director by the stockholders in the
manner provided by law may be filled by election at the same meeting of stockholders
without further notice, or at any regular or at any special meeting of stockholders called for
the purpose, after giving notice as prescribed in these By-Laws.
Section 4. Meeting - Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held once
every quarter and/or on such date and at places as may be called by the Chairman of the
Board of Directors, or by the majority of the remaining Board of Directors. The special
meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose or purposes, may, at any time, be called
by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or by the majority of the remaining directors. The
regular or special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be attended by the directors either
in person or through teleconference or videoconference, subject to compliance with the
appropriate guidelines set forth in Securities and Exchange Commission Memorandum
Circular No. 15, Series of 2001, and/or such other rules, directives or guidelines to be issued
by the Securities and Exchange Commission governing the attendance of directors in board
meetings through teleconferencing or videoconferencing, at such time and place as the
Board of Directors may prescribe. If a director attends a meeting through teleconferencing or
video conferencing or other means of electronic communications, such meetings may be
recorded with appropriate tapes, discs, and/or other recording material which shall be
properly stored for safekeeping, in addition to the secretary of such meeting maintaining
written minutes thereof. The directors may waive the formal requirements for a board
meeting and the validity of such meeting shall not be affected by the formal requirements
which the board has waived.
Section 5. Notice - Notice of the regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors,
specifying the date, time and place of the meeting, shall be communicated by the Secretary
or the person/s calling the meeting at least seven (7) calendar days prior to the date of the
meeting to each director personally, or by telephone, telex, telegram, facsimile, email,
written or oral message, or other forms of electronic communications.. A director may waive
this requirement, either expressly or impliedly.
Section 7. Conduct of the Meeting - Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be presided
over by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or in his absence, by any other director
chosen by the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall act as secretary of every meeting, or in
his absence, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint a secretary of the meeting.
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compensation, the members of the Board of Directors may receive and allocate an amount of
not more than ten percent (10%) of the net income before income tax of the Corporation
during the preceding year. Such compensation shall be determined and apportioned among
the directors in such manner as the Board of Directors may deem proper, subject to the
approval of stockholders representing at least a majority of the outstanding capital stock at a
regular or special meeting of the stockholders.
The Executive Committee shall, during the intervals between the meetings of the
Board of Directors, possess and may exercise all the powers of the Board of Directors, which
can lawfully be delegated, in the management and direction of the affairs of the Corporation
in all cases in which specific directions shall not have been given by the Board of Directors.
All actions by the Executive Committee shall be reported to the Board of Directors at
its meeting next succeeding such action, and shall be subject to revision and alteration by the
Board, provided that no rights of third parties shall be affected by any such revision or
alteration.
Regular minutes of the proceedings of the Executive Committee shall be filed with
the Board of Directors. A majority of the regular members of the committee shall be
necessary to constitute a quorum and in every case the affirmative vote of a majority of the
members present shall be necessary for the passage of any resolution. It shall adopt its own
rules of procedure.
Section 10. Other Committees - The Board of Directors shall constitute an Audit
Committee and a Nomination Committee, and such other committees as the law and the
Manual of Corporate Governance may mandate. All established committees shall be
required to have Committee Charters stating in plain terms their respective purposes,
membership, structures, operations, reporting processes, resources and other relevant
information, including the standards for evaluating the performance of Committees.
Said committees shall be composed of such members who shall be of such number as
the Board may determine. The members of any committee created and appointed by the
Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board and any vacancies in any such
committee shall be filled by. the Board of Directors.
Any registered stockholder may be nominated and elected to the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors, by majority vote, shall pass upon the qualification of the nominee to
the Board. It may also, in the exercise of its discretion and by the majority vote of its
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members, disqualify a nominated shareholder who, in the Board’s judgment, represents an
interest adverse to or in conflict with those of the Corporation as provided in these bylaws.
Section 12. Audit Committee – The Board of Directors shall constitute an Audit
Committee which shall be composed of members of the Board of Directors, at least two (2) of
whom shall be independent directors, including the Committee’s chairperson, preferably
with accounting, auditing or related financial management expertise or experience. The
Audit Committee shall provide oversight of the Corporation’s financial reporting and
control, and internal and external audit functions. It shall be responsible for the setting up
of the Internal Audit Department and for the nomination of the Internal Auditor as well as
the independent external auditor who shall both report directly to the Audit Committee. It
shall monitor and evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal control system.
The Audit Committee shall have authority to investigate any matter relevant to the audit of
Corporation, full access to and cooperation by management and full discretion to invite any
director or executive officer to attend meetings, and adequate resources to enable it to
effectively discharge its functions.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
The Board of Directors may, from time to time, appoint such other officers as it may
determine to be necessary or proper. Any two (2) or more positions may be held
concurrently by the same person, except that no one shall act as President and Treasurer or
Secretary at the same time.
Section 2. Chairman of the Board - The Chairman of the Board shall preside at the
meetings of stockholders and of the Board of Directors. He shall also exercise such powers
and perform such duties as the Board of Directors may assign to him.
Section 4. President - The President, who shall be a director, shall be the Chief
Executive Officer of the Corporation and shall also have administration and direction of the
day-to-day business affairs of the Corporation, and shall exercise the following functions:
b) To initiate and develop corporate objectives and policies and formulate long
range projects, plans and programs for the approval of the Board of Directors,
including those for executive training, development and compensation;
c) To supervise and manage the business affairs of the Corporation upon the
direction of the board of directors;
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d) To implement the administrative and operational policies of the Corporation
under his supervision and control;
j) To perform such other duties as are incident to his office or are entrusted to
him by the Board of Directors; and
Subject to prior approval the Board of Directors, the President may assign the
exercise or performance of any of the foregoing powers, duties and functions to any other
officer(s), subject always to his supervision and control.
Section 5. The Vice-President(s) - If one or more Vice Presidents are appointed, he/they
shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as may from time to time be assigned
to him/them by the Board of Directors or by the President.
Section 6. The Secretary - The Secretary must be a resident and a citizen of the
Philippines. He shall be the custodian and shall maintain the corporate books and records of
the Corporation and shall be the recorder of the Corporation's formal actions and
transactions. He shall have the following specific powers and duties:
a) To record or see to the proper recording of the minutes and transactions of all
meetings of the directors and the stockholders and to maintain minute books
of such meetings in the form and manner required by law;
b) To keep or cause to be kept record books showing the details required by law
with respect to the stock certificates of the Corporation, including ledgers and
transfer books showing all shares of the Corporation subscribed, issued and
transferred;
c) To keep the corporate seal and affix it to all papers and documents requiring
the same;
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d) To attend to the giving and serving of all notices of the Corporation as
required by law or these By-Laws to be given;
Section 7. The Treasurer - The Treasurer of the Corporation shall be the chief fiscal
officer and the custodian of its funds, securities and property. The Treasurer of the
Corporation shall have the following specific powers and duties:
a) To keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in the books
of the Corporation;
b) To have custody of, and be responsible for, all the funds, securities and bonds
of the Corporation;
c) To deposit in the name and to the credit of the Corporation, in such bank as
may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, all the
moneys, funds, goods, securities, bonds and similar valuable effects
belonging to the Corporation which may come under his control;
f) To exercise such powers and perform such duties and function as may be
assigned to him by the Board of Directors or the President.
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Section 8. Term of Office - The term of office of all officers shall be for a period of one
(1) year and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. Such officers may however
be sooner removed for cause.
Section 9. Vacancies - If any position of the officers becomes vacant by reason of death,
resignation, disqualification, or for any other cause, the Board of Directors, by majority vote,
may elect a successor who shall hold office for the unexpired term.
Section 10. Compensation - The officers shall receive such remuneration as the Board of
Directors may determine. All other officers shall receive such remuneration as the Board of
Directors may determine upon recommendation of the President. A director shall not be
precluded from serving the Corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent or
otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.
ARTICLE V
OFFICES
Section 1. The principal office of the Corporation shall be located at the place stated in
Article 11 of the Articles of Incorporation. The Corporation may have such other branch
offices, either within or outside the Philippines, as the Board of Directors may designate or
as the business of the Corporation may, from time to time require.
ARTICLE VI
AUDIT OF BOOKS, FISCAL YEAR AND DIVIDENDS
Section 2. Fiscal Year - The fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin on the 1st day of
January and end on the 31st of December of each year.
Section 3. Dividends shall be declared and paid out of the unrestricted retained
earnings which shall be payable in cash, property, or stock to all stockholders on the basis of
outstanding stock held by them, as often and at such times as the Board of Directors may
determine and in accordance with law and applicable rules and regulations.
ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENTS
ARTICLE IX
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SEAL
Section 1. Form and Inscription - The corporate seal shall be determined by the Board
of Directors.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have hereunto set our hands, on ______________ in
___________ City, Philippines.
_________________________________ _________________________________
[•] [•]
T.I.N. [•] T.I.N. [•]
Incorporator Incorporator
__________________________________ __________________________________
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