YEAR 9 TERM 3

EXAM REVISION
Pythagoras, Trigonometry, Probability, Statistics
 PYTHAG TRIG
● Finding hypotenuse: • SOH CAH TOA
c² = a² + b² • Multiply by denominator
● Finding shorter side: to find side lengths
• Inverse trig function
a² = c² - b² or
to find angles
b² = c² - a²

STATISTICS PROBABILITY
PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

EXAM REVISION
 PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

We use Pythagoras’ Theorem to find the length of an unknown side of any right-angled triangle, when
we know two sides already. We label the sides labelled a, b, c, with c always being the hypotenuse.

To find the length of the hypotenuse (c):

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2

To find the length of a shorter side (a or b) we must

rearrange the formula:

𝑎2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2
𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
 EXAMPLES YOUR TURN

Find the length of the unknown side: Find the length of the unknown side:

5m 3m

12m 4m

3cm 6cm

8cm 17cm
 EXAMPLES YOUR TURN

Find the length of the unknown side: Find the length of the unknown side:

13m 3m 5m
5m

3cm 6cm

12cm 17cm
(1) (2) (3)

(4) (5) (6)

(7) (8) (9)

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 PYTHAG APPLIC ATIONS PYTHAG APPLIC ATIONS
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2

A hiker walks 9km due North, then 5km due A ladder is 8 metres long, and it placed against a
West, where he sets up camp. How long is his wall so that the foot of the ladder is 2 metres
walk back home in the morning, assuming he away from the base of the wall. How high up the
walks there in a straight line? wall will the ladder reach?

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TRIGONOMETRY

EXAM REVISION
 TRIGONOMETRY

We use trig to
find the value of
unknown sides
S O
H
and angles in
right-angled

OPPOSITE
triangles.

Unlike Pythagoras’ C A
H
theorem, with trig θ
we also have an
angle (𝜃) in every ADJACENT
triangle.
T O
A
 EXAMPLES: FINDING UNKNOWN SIDES

1) 3)
7 x
3
x
38°
30°

2) 4)
x x

24°
42° 7.2 10
(1) (2) (3)
𝒙 𝟖𝟐°
𝒙 𝒙
𝟑𝟓° 𝟓𝟎°

(4) (5) (6)

𝒙
𝟔𝟔°
𝒙 𝟗𝟖°
𝒙
𝟏𝟑𝟎°

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 EXAMPLES: FINDING UNKNOWN ANGLES

1) 2)
30
3
θ θ
6 18
(1) (2) (3)
𝜽

𝜽 𝜽

(4) (5) (6)

𝜽 𝜽
𝜽

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 TRIG APPLIC ATIONS TRIG APPLIC ATIONS
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2

A park ranger measured the top of a volcano to From the top of a cliff 61m above sea level, Chen
be at an angle of elevation of 29◦. From her map saw a capsized yacht. He estimated the angle of
she noted that the volcano was 8km away. Find depression to be about 10◦. How far was the
the height to the top of the volcano. yacht from the base of the cliff, to the nearest
metre?
STEP 1: ALWAYS DRAW A DIAGRAM STEP 1: ALWAYS DRAW A DIAGRAM

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 PROBABILITY

EXAM REVISION
 PROBABILITY REVISION

• A sample space is a list of all possible outcomes of an event. For example, the sample space
of rolling a die would be {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
Number of outcomes where event occurs
• We calculate theoretical probability using: Pr(event)=
Total number of possible outcomes

We can solve probability questions using:

• Venn Diagrams
• Two-way tables
• Tree diagrams
 VENN DIAGRAMS EXAMPLE

1. Use the Venn Diagram to calculate:

31 12 50
7

a) Pr(Mac & PC)

b) Pr(PC only)
c) Pr(Mac)

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 TWO-WAY TABLES EXAMPLE

1. Use the Two-Way Table to calculate:

15 70
7
40

a) Pr(Mac & PC)

b) Pr(PC only)
c) Pr(Mac)

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 TREE DIAGRAM EXAMPLE

An experiment involves selecting two lollies from a bag. There is 1 blue lolly, 2 yellow lollies,
and 2 red lollies.
a) Complete a tree diagram to show all possible outcomes without replacement
b) Find the probability of picking out, without replacement:
i. One blue lolly and one red lolly
ii. Two yellow lollies
iii. One blue lolly
iv. One red lolly

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