IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS You may also like

- Pebble beaches of the Murmansk coast –
Carrying capacity of Peucang Island for unique formations of the Kola Peninsula
Ya A Miroshnikova and Yu N Neradovsky
ecotourism management in Ujung Kulon National - The assessment of tourism carrying
capacity in Lombok Island
Park S A Faiz and R I Komalasari

- The Important Role of Gravel and Rocky

To cite this article: K H Wiyono et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 149 012018 Beach as A Natural Stable Form of Shore
Defense in Southern Garut, West Java
Helfinalis and Y Witasari

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

This content was downloaded from IP address 169.149.224.134 on 19/11/2022 at 15:12

LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

Carrying capacity of Peucang Island for ecotourism

management in Ujung Kulon National Park

K H Wiyono1,3, E K S H Muntasib1,3, and F Yulianda2,3

1
Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism Department, Faculty of Forestry
2
Management of Marine Resource Department, Faculty of Fishery
3
Bogor Agricultural University

E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract. Peucang Island is one of island in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), appointed
as priority area and welcome area for tourism. This research aimed to calculate the carrying
capacity of Peucang Island for ecotourism development (Study sites of this research are
Karang Copong jungle trail and 8 sites of Peucangs beach). This research used observation
method (wildlife exploration, measure the lenght of jungle track, and measure 10 parameters
of beach), literature study and and interview method to collect data. The data of jungle track
analyzed use Cifuentes’s formula. The result showed that Karang Copong jungle trekking had
20,000 visitors/day for Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), 4 838 visitors/day for Real
Carrying Capacity (RCC), and 6 visitors/day for Efective Carrying Capacity (ECC).
Observation of biological aspect showed that there were some damages of vegetation along the
track, and the changes in animal behavior. The data of beach carrying capacity analyzed use
Yulianda’s formula that measured with the suitability map approach. Based on the suitability
map, two beaches were classified in suitable category, while six beaches) were classified in
highly suitable category for tourism activities. All of the beaches had different number of
carrying capacity, specifically there are 70 visitors/day in highly suitable beach and 27
visitors/day in suitable beach. The number of visitor nowadays still not exceed from carrying
capacity number of PCC, RCC of jungle trails and carrying capacity of the beach area, but the
number has exceeded from the ECC numbers.

1. Introduction
Peucang Island is the one of island in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) that has a managed
accessibility, and facilities, and as welcome area for tourism visitor. Accessibility to go to Peucang
Island reachable via sea travel (boat fast / slow boat) and takes about 2-6 hours of Carita or 3.5 hours
from Labuan by slow boat, and 3 hours from Tamanjaya [1]. Physical and biological objects of
natural resources in Peucang Island become a tourist attraction that can be utilized for ecotourism
development in UKNP. Objects tourist attraction in Peucang include white sand and blue sea water
for coastal tourism activities, and the attractions of wildlife such as wild boar, deer, and the long-
tailed monkeys are often found around Karang Copong jungle trekking trails. The number of visitors
increased since 2011 until 2015. Tourist activities in the protected area have a direct and indirect
impact on the natural environment, as it relates to the growth in the number of visitors that can affect
ecological integrity [2]. The increasing of visitor number should be considered to keep the natural
sustainability in UKNP, then controlling and management of natural resources should be done
effectively. Carrying capacity concept is the one of basic for sustainable concept to protect and
develop area. Peucang Island as the one of priority area for ecotourism development in UKNP should
be managed to keep the sustainability of natural resources which as tourism object are Karang Copong
Jungle track and Peucang Beach area. This research aimed to calculate the carrying capacity of
Peucang Island for ecotourism development. This study calculated the carrying capacity on Peucang

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

Island in study side are Karang Copong jungle trails and beach by using the physical aspect,
biological, social and management.

2. Methods

2.1 Study Sites

Peucang Island is located in the northwest of the island of Java, in Sumur and Cimanggu District,
Pandeglang with an area of ± 450 Ha. It takes 2-6 hours by slow or fast boat from Carita, 3.5 hours
from Labuan, and 3 hours by slow boat from Tamanjaya to Peucang Island. This reseach was carried
out at 9 study site, which are Karang Copong jungle trails and 8 beaches point around the Peucang
Island.

2.2 Materials and Tools

This research used tourism map of Peucang Island, tally sheet, measuring tape, camera, GPS (Global
Positioning System), sechhi disk, interview guidance and used ArcGIS 10.3 software to make widllife
encounter map and suatibility map for beach areas.

2.3 Data Collection

2.3.1 Karang Copong Jungle Trails

We collected the data of physical, biological, social, management aspect. We used field observation to
collect the data of biological aspect. We explored the diversity of flora and fauna around the track and
10 meters in the right and left side from the track. Flora observation, we listed the dominant species
and the damage of flora around the track by tourism activities. Fauna observation, we listed the
species, the quantity, activities, and time. It used the assumtion that we did observation when a track
was empty and when tourism activities took a place in a track. We marked the point where we found
all the animals with the GPS to make wildlife encounter map. Then physical aspect, the data that
collected were the length and width of the track, land slope, dan type of soil by measured. The data
used to count PCC and RCC. For social aspect, the data were amount of visitor number, group,
visitors in a group. Management aspects, the data were amount of staff and management. The data of
social and management aspect collected by interviewed to visitors and manager.

2.3.2 Peucang Beach.

We used biological and physical aspects as parameters to categorize the suitabilily of the beach areas
for tourism development. Biological aspects, we used field observation to collect dangerous marine
species which could be hazardous for beach tourism activities. Physical aspects, we also did field
observation to determine the condition of some aspects such as the type of beach, wide beaches, water
base material, the slope of the beach, the beach land cover, depth, current speed, wave height, water
transparency and the availability of fresh water. All parameters has each score that according to
matrix of land suitability for recreational beach tourism category [3]. The score used to count
tourism suitability index (TSI), then we categorize the area by TSI score.

2.4 Data Analysis

2.4.1 Carrying capacity of Karang Copong Jungle track

It was analyzed by Cifuentes’s formula [4]. There are three kind of carrying capacity number which
are physical carrying capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity (RCC) and Effective Carrying Capacity
(ECC).

2.4.1.1 Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC)

PCC is defined as the maximum number of users that can physically fit into, or onto, a specific area.
PCC = A x

2
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

A : Available area for public use (trail distance)

: Area required per user to walk comfortably (1 visitor per m²)
Rf : Rotation factor (number of visits/day).

In order to measure PCC, the following assumptions were done:

- Horizontal space required to allow people to move freely on the trekking path that is 1 visitor
/ m2
- Size available (A) is determined by the particular circumstances at the sites. Limitation of
space for trekking path indicated by the size of tour groups and the required distance between
the groups.
- Rotational Factor (Rf) is the daily number of visits allowed to a location
Rf =

2.4.1.2 Real Carrying Capacity (RCC )

RCC is the maximum allowable number of users to the Karang Copong jungle trails, once the
correction factors (Cf) derived from the particular characteristics of the site have been applied to the
PCC. For the calculation of RCC, PCC was modified by a series of correction factors, such as
precipitation (Cf 1), ground slope (Cf 2), the sensitivity of the soil (Cf 3) and social (Cf 4).

RCC
To measure RCC, the following assumptions must be done:
- The correction factors are obtained by considering the environment, biophysical and social
factors.
- These factors are closely linked to the specific conditions and characteristics of each site or
activity.
- Cf is expressed as follows :

Mn : limiting magnitude of variable

Mt : total magnitude of variable.

2.4.1.3 Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC)

ECC is the optimum number of tourists so that the area can hold based on consideration of the
Manager. To find out the value of the effective support resource [4]. ECC calculations are as follows:

ECC : Effective Carrying Capacity

MC : Management capacity
RCC : Real Carrying Capacity
IC : Infrastructure Capacity.

2.4.2 Suitability index and carrying capacity of beach

It was analyzed with tourism suitability index approach and after know where the beach that
categorized as highly suitable and suitable, the carrying capacity would be counted.

2.4.2.1 Suitability of tourism analysis

The formula that is used for recreational beach tourism suitability Yulianda’s formula [3] as follows:
( )
where TSI: Tourism Suitability Index, Ni : Parameter score, Nmax: Maximum score of tourism
category. Nmax score for recreational beach tourism is 84. The suitability category which are highly
suitable (75-100%), suitable (50-<75%), conditional suitable (25-<50%), and not suitable (<25%) [3].
3
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

We mapped beach areas that included as highly suitable and suitable category. Those area will be
recomended to UKNP as recreational beach tourism area.

2.4.2.2 Carrying capacity of beach

The formula that is used to analysis is Yulianda’s formula [3] as follows:

where:
CC : Carrying Capacity
K : Ecological potential of visitor per area unit (person)
Lp : Length of area for tourism activity (1 person/m2)
Lt : Length of area for a person (meters)
Wt : Time period in one day (hours)
Wp : The time spent for each activities (hours).

Ecological potential visitors (K) is determined by the condition of ecological resources and the types
of activities that will be developed. According to Yulianda [3], K score is 1 , and Lt is 50 meters. It
means that 1 person need 50 meters of length of beach.

3. Results and Discussion

Peucang island has a very unique ecosystem with a wide diversity of plants and satwaliar so it was
referred to as a miniature of tropical lowland rainforest in Ujung Kulon National Park. The object of
attraction which are Peucang island that has a white sand beach, Karang Copong, kiara, wildlife
diversity such as deer (Cervus timorensis), wild boar (Sus scrofa), long-tailed monkeys (Macaca
fascicularis), and various types of bird, in addition there are coral reefs and marine life that became an
object of attraction for snorkeling and diving activities in some spots [1]. Management based on
carrying capacity is an effective management. According to Wearing and Neil [5], carrying capacity
determine by depending on the season, time, some factors such as the visitors behaviours, facilities
design and management, the dynamic characterisitics of the environment, and changes the behavior of
the local community. There are three important aspects of carrying capacity i.e. biophysical, social,
and cultural facilities related to visitor experience.

3.1 Karang copong jungle trails

There are two types of carrying capacity. At first we count number of carrying capacity based on
physical, social and management aspects, and we also describe carrying capicity based on biological
aspects.

3.1.1 Carrying capacity based on physical, social, and management aspects

3.1.1.1 Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC)

The calculation of PCC or physical carrying capacity aims to calculating the maximum number of
visitors who can physically meet a predetermined space, at a certain time [4]. PCC value calculation
results in Table 1 indicates that the line can accommodate as many as 20 000 visitors in one day.
Table 1. Physical carrying capacity.
Open
The area of track Average time Area required PCC
period Rf
(hectare) of visit (hours) per user ( m2) (Visitors/day)
(hours)
2000
3 1.5 10 1 6.67

4
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

3.1.1.2 Real Carrying Capacity (RCC)

RCC used four correction factors in calculating the value consisting of the precipitation (CF1), land
slope (CF2) and soil sensivity to erosion (CF3), and social (CF4). Correction also used by Ortega et al
[6] in his research in calculating the value of the real carrying capacity of tourist Marietas Island in
the Gulf of California that has been designated as National Parks using a correction factor, namely
erodibility environment, accessibility, rainfall, floods, biological and vegetation. And Lucyanti [7] in
her research used biophysical aspects are considered as a limiting factor of environmental support
resources include: precipitation (Cf ₁), kelerengan (Cf ₂), erosivitas (Cf ₃), vegetation (Cf4), and bird
fauna (Cf5). The results of analysis of the four correction factor was found that each correction factor
has a value which is then used in the calculation of the value of RCC. Precipitation correction factor
(CF1) is values obtained by calculating the correction factor index values of precipitation in Peucang
Island. Based on data from Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), Pondok Betung
Climatology Station found that the monthly precipitation in Pandeglang district is dominated by the
wet months of precipitation value was over 100 mm, whereas in humid (60-100 mm rainfall value)
most rare occurred during the year 2012 to 2016. The results of the precipitation correction factor
(Cf1) in the calculation of the value of the RCC is 0.84.
Peucang topography is generally flat with a slope of 0-8% and some small ramps with a slope of 8-
15% and undulating with a height of 0-17 m above sea level. Based on field observation results
obtained reef slope trekking path Copong (CF2) tend to be flat. Results of the analysis conducted
using ground slope index by decree. Minister of Agriculture No. 837/KPTS/UM/11/1980 obtained a
flat slope is a first class number of land slope that has score 20. Subsequent analysis results is the
score of land slope correction factor (Cf2), whereby a flat trekking has a score of 20, so that the
obtained score of 0.80 (Cf2).
Soil sensitivity correction factor we used the data of soil types. Based on the type of soil maps
Banten province that Peucang composed of alluvial soil types. Alluvial soil formation process
depends on the origin of soil parent material factors and topographic factors [8]. By decree of Minister
of Agriculture No. 837/KPTS/UM/11/1980, alluvial soil type is one type of land belonging to class 1
soil classification based on the level of sensitivity. Class 1 level is a type of soil which is not sensitive
to erosion. The types of soil found along the path of trekking in the form of alluvial soil types that
included the grade 1 soil type has a score is 20, and then the score of the Cf3 is 0.80.
Social correction factor (CF4), the results obtained from observations that the average number of
people in a group that is 15-30 people. The number of visitors to each of the groups has been
managed, 10 people for each the groups, and the distance of time for each of the groups is 30 minutes.
Queiroz et. al. [8] explained that considerations of distance used each troupe is 250 meters with a total
of 15 people in each group. Based on the data of visitors number (2016), the highest number of people
visitors occured at August (999 visitors), and the lowest number of visitors occur in March (214
visitor) (figure 1). All the aspect of social correction factor counted, then correction factors social
(Cf4) has a score is 0.55.

1200
Number of Reservation

1000
800
600
400
200
0

Months

Domestic Visitor Foreign Visitor Total

Figure 1. The number of reservation.

5
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

The results of RCC calculation is 4,838 people/day which is about 24.19% of the value of the PCC
as shown in table 8. RCC will be lower than PCC because of a RCC value derived from the results of
PCC has been reduced by the correction factors that influence as limiting factor [7].
Table 2. Real carrying capacity.
PCC (visitor/day) Cf1 Cf2 Cf3 Cf4 RCC (visitor/day)
20 000 0.84 0.80 0.80 0.55 4 838

3.1.1.3 Effective Carrying Capacity(ECC)

ECC considered by availability of capacity management (Management Capacity/MC) and
infrastructure capacity (IC/Infrastructure Capacity). Management capacity obtained by knowing the
number of staff, and the number of staff needed for effective management. According to Lucyanti [7]
increased capacity of the officer Manager in serving visitors need to be supported by capacity
management based on variables such as the basic law, policies and regulations, equipment, personnel,
financing, infrastructure and facilities. The number of human resources (HR) in Peucang Island resort
are eight people assessed is still not adequate when the number of visits increased at certain times
such as weekend time, and peak seasons. They need three more personnel assessed to improve the
management of ecotourism, and it would be more effective. The results of the calculation of the MC
(Management Capacity) that the value of 80%. The results of the calculation of the IC, namely by 20.
The value of MC and IC who have obtained and then multiplied and divided by the value of the RCC
5,376, so it brings the power of effective support (ECC) for 6 as shown in table 3.
Table 3. Effective carrying capacity.
Time to
ECC
Open period through the Number of The main Bussines
IC (visitors/d
(minutes) track trail manager lisence holder
ay)
(minutes)

600 90 1 1 1 20 6

Sari [10] also researched about carrying capacity in mangrove forest in Sari Ringgung beach.
Carrying capacity of mangrove trail in Saring Ringgung beach is 87 visitors/day, that is lower than
PCC and RCC but more than ECC of Karang Copong jungle trail. Sari only use the biological aspect
which are the species of bird and mangrove to count the carrying capacity because those were as the
tourism attraction there. Total of Peucang Island visitor numbers at 2016 are 6 261 people. The
avarage were 522 visitors per month or 17 visitors per day. That number visitor still lower than PCC
and RCC, but has exceed ECC. The number of visitors in a protected area should be noted because of
the growth in the number of visitors can affect to ecological integrity [2].

3.1.2 Carrying capacity based on biological aspects

3.1.2.1 Plant Conditions

The damage found in plants which are around line trails that were broken, plants saplings in addition
plastic waste such as drinking bottles and glasses of mineral water as well as other items such as
sandals were found on the trail. The damage caused by the behavior of visitors broke and trampling
saplings that grow around the trail to avoid the slippery track and waterlogged. Wearing [5] describes
the trampling of tourist activity on vegetation can cause bad impact for the vegetation such as damage
and wounds on the network, the reduced power and vigor regeneration plants, loss of land as well as
the cumulative impact of closure that can occur is a change in the composition of species where only
species with high resistant power able to survive in areas that received pressure from tourist activities.

3.1.2.2 Wildlife condition

Wildlife observed on the time when the trails is assumed to be empty. There are ten species of wildlife
found around the trail that mapped shown in figure 2. We marked the point where we found the
animals with GPS, then mapped as wildlife encounter map used ArcGIS 10.3. The wildlife encounter

6
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

map will help manager to develop ecotourism program which is animal watching program. The
ecotourism should considere where is the area that the wildlife use for their activity, then the manager
can set the facilities which is like canopy trail that will not be disturb the wildlife activity, and visitor
also can watch animal behaviour in the wild.

Figure 2. Wildlife encounter map.

Based on the results of observations made that reduction occurring type of wildlife that is found
when an increase in the number of visitors on the track. A reduction in the number of types of wildlife
can be caused by voice disturbance from the activities of visitors while on the trail. The observation
result in table 4 can be explained that visitors will find species most numerous when the number of
visitors as many as 1-10 people. So the number of visitors to this class is appropriate for visitors
expected the diversity of species of wildlife around line trail as the main attraction.
Table 4. Species that are found on the class number of visitors.
The number of visitors The number of wildlife species Species
Deer, wild boar, peacock, lizard,
1—10 6
hornbill, long-tailed monkey
11—20 3 Deer, wild boar, long-tailed monkey
21—30 2 Deer, long-tailed
31—40 1 Deer

There are some bad impact to wildlife. Wildlife behavior change has occurred as feeding behavior
on wild boar, deer and long-tailed monkeys. Based on the results of observations made that look a few
monkeys feeding around visitors hostel, deer are also seen eating junk, and the wild boar which ate
the amenities. Rabbany [11] explained that the activity of visitors can cause changes in patterns of
feeding behavior and eating habits directly and indirectly. Wildlife’s diet can be changed directly due
to the activity of feeding by visitors, and indirectly because of littering that effect wildlife to searching
for food at dump. The long-tailed monkeys is now more aggressive. The long-tailed monkeys become
more daring to take the food directly from visitors. According to Djuwantoko [12] that long-tail
monkeys will be increasingly unattractive to become tourism attraction, if visitors are increasingly
alarmed by the aggressive behavior of monkeys.

3.2 The suitability index and carrying capacity of beach

The beach carrying capacity on Peucang Island was analyzed by tourism suitability index (TSI).
Calculation of the TSI can describes the category of the suitability of each location, and mapped into
spatial map of suitability. It show the spatial locations of the beach on the island of Peucang that could

7
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

developed for tourism activities. Then we count the carrying capacity at eight study site shown in
figure 3.

Figure 3. The study site for beach.

3.2.1 The suitability of resources for beach tourism

The results of tourism based on the suitability assessment index that used 10 parameters (biological
and physical aspects) is 8 coastal location on the island of Peucang IKW has value for coastal
recreational activities. It will be different if we count the TSI for marine tourism like Ketjulan [13]
researched in Hari Island. He used 6 parameter, which are the brightness of the waters, cover of the
reef community, types of life forms, types of reef fish, current speed, and depth of coral reefs [13].
Based on the classification of suitability with TSI that those are 2 locations that include suitable
category and 6 categories include location higly suitable for beach recreation activities (table 5).
Location 3 is the location that has the highest level of suitability than the seven other locations i.e.
amounting to 94%. While the location 8 be the location that has the lowest value of the TSI.
Parameters of became the dominant parameter of location 3 that lead location 3 as a location has a
higshet TSI score are because it has the most extensive beach width, type of basic material in the form
of white sand waters, as well as the location of the 3 is the beach closest to the source fresh water.
While the dominant factor that affects location 8 has the lowest TSI, because it has the material basis
of the waters in the form of sand and coral, the location of the most current speed 8 has great distance
and a source of fresh water that is very far from the beach.

3.2.2 Carrying capacity of peucang beach.

The result of the assessment of Tourism Suitability Index that six location categorized as highly
suitable and two beaches that are suitable shown at figure 4. Carrying Capacity of the eight location
also should be assesed because according to Wunani [14] assessment of a carrying capacity is
considered important because to know the maximum number of visitors that can fit in 1 day tour
activities in order not to be cause interference both of visitor and the environment, so the utilization of
sustainable coastal tourism. We mapped the beach area as highly suitable or suitable for beach
recreational tourism depend on the TSI score that we count used 10 parameters.

8
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

Table 5. Tourism suitability of Peucang Beach.

Location Total Parameter Score TSI Suitable Category
1 61 73% Suitable
2 74 88% Highly Suitable
3 79 94% Highly Suitable
4 74 88% Highly Suitable
5 69 82% Highly Suitable
6 71 85% Highly Suitable
7 68 81% Highly Suitable
8 57 68% Suitable

Figure 4. Suitability Map of Peucang Beach.

Beach Carrying Capacity calculated using several parameters such as the ecological potential
visitors per unit area (K), long beach that utilized (Lp), the unit area for a specific category (Lt), the
time provided for in a single day (Wt), and the time spent for each visitor activity (Wp). The other
parameters in the form of the ecological potential visitors per unit area (K) it is assumed that one
person using a length of 50 m beach for beach recreation activities. Yulianda [3] states that the
average use of time for recreational beach is 3 hours. The time available to perform the activities of
shore excursions for 10 hours. Carrying capacity of eigth location shown in table 6.
Location 5 has a lowest number of carrying capacity i.e. by 1 person, while location 7 has the
highest number of carrying capacity i.e. 23 people. Based on observations on the visitors that every
visitor who comes to Peucang Island will do such beach recreation enjoy the beautiful beaches of
Peucang, enjoy views of the Ujung Kulon Peninsula, swim, sunbath on the beach and photo session.
Total numbers of beach carrying capacity in Peucang Island i.e. 97 people per day. That number is far
from the average number of visitors per day by 17 people per day. So Beach Peucang is still capable
of accommodating the larger number of visitors with extent carrying capacity which has been
obtained. The number of visitor on the beach should be considered by rotation factor as corection
factor to count carrying capacity of the beach , because although amount of tourist can fit in at the
beach, realilty shows a different situaion, becasuse as the number of beach tourist increases, visitor
feel that the destination is losing quality [15]. Based on observations made against interview to
visitors that there are some things that also need to be taken care of to ensure your comfort and safety
related visitors with support for peak season. The existence of the ship which rests lined around the

9
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

dock rated reduce the comfort of visitors do swim around the beach. In addition the visitor from
plastic waste found at the base of the waters is also a threat Peucang Beach sustainability.
Table 6. Carrying capacity of Peucang Beach.

Location K Lp (m) Lt (m) Wt (Hours) Wp (Hours) DDK

1 1 192 50 10 3 13
2 1 23 50 10 3 2
3 1 306 50 10 3 20
4 1 61.85 50 10 3 4
5 1 11.3 50 10 3 1
6 1 310 50 10 3 21
7 1 340 50 10 3 23
8 1 212 50 10 3 14
Total 97

4. Conclusion
The result of carrying capacity based on the physical, social and management aspects consists of three
values: PCC of 20 000 people/day, the value of RCC for 4838 people/day and ECC for 6 people/day.
Carrying capacity of jungle trail obtained by the biological aspects has been damage to plants around
the trail and change wildlife behavior because of visitor activities. Results of the determination of the
suitability index of beach tourism that there are six beaches including highly suitable category and
two beaches are categorized as suitable category. Peucang Beach carrying capacity of 97 people / day,
with 70 people on the beach with a highly suitable category and 27 people on the beach with suitable
category. The number of visitor nowadays still not exceed from carrying capacity number of PCC,
RCC of jungle trails and carrying capacity of the beach area, but the number has exceeded from the
ECC numbers. Management capacity should be developed which is the number of human resources
for tourism management in Peucang Island should be more, because it was the one of limitation when
visitor number increasing at peak season.

5. References
[1] [BTNUK] Balai Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon 2015 Rencana Pengelolaan Jangka Panjang
Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (in Bahasa) (Banten, Indonesia: BTNUK)
[2] Gurung H B 2010 Trends in Protected Areas (Queensland: CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty
Ltd)
[3] Yulianda F 2007 Ekowisata Bahari sebagai alternatif pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir berbasis
konservasi Seminar Sains 21 Feb 2007 (Bogor: Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan)
[4] Cifuentes M A 1992 Determination carrying capacity of tourism in protected area (CTIE paper)
p 1-19
[5] Wearing S, and Neil J 2009 Ecotourism; Impact, Potentials and Possibilities 2nd Ed (Sydney:
University of Technology, School of Leisure, Sport and Tourism) pp 78
[6] Ortega J L C, Dagostino R M C, and Magana A L C 2011 Estimating carrying capacity in a
natural protected area as a conservation strategy Conference Proc. Impact Assessment and
Responsible Development for Infrastructure, Business and Industry (Mexico, 28 May- 4
June 2011) pp 1-6
[7] Lucyanti S, Hartanto B, dan Izzati M 2013 Penilaian daya dukung wisata di obyek wisata bumi
perkemahan palutungan taman nasional gunung ciremai propinsi jawa barat (in Bahasa)
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan 2013
(Indonesia, 27 August 2013) pp 234-240
[8] Tufaila M, dan Alam S 2014 Karakteristik tanah dan evaluasi lahan untuk pengembangan
tanaman padi sawah di Kecamatan Oheo Kabupaten Konawe Utara Agriplus 24 (2) pp 184-
194

10
LISAT 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 149 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012018 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012018

[9] Queiroz R E, Ventura M A, Guerreiro J A, and Cunha R T 2014 Carrying capacity of hiking
trails in Natura 2000 sites: a case study from North Atlantic Islands (Azores, Portugal)
Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management 14 (2) pp 233-242
[11] Rabbany M G, Afrin S, Rahman A, Islam F, and Hoque F 2013 Environmental effects of
tourism American Journal of Environment, Energy, and Power Research 1 (7) pp 117-130
[10] Sari Y, Yuwono S B, and Rusita 2015 Analysis of potential and carrying capacity along the
track of mangrove forest in the coastal ecotourim Sari Ringgung beach, Pesawaran regency,
Lampung Jurnal Sylva Lestari 3 (3) pp 31-40
[12] Djuwantoko, Utami R N, dan Wiyono 2008 Perilaku agresif monyet, Macaca fascicularis
(Raffles, 1821) terhadap wisatawan di hutan wisata Alam Kaliurang, Yogyakarta (in
Bahasa) Jurnal Biodiversitas 9 (4) p 301-305
[13] Ketjulan R 2010 Daya dukung perairan Pulau Hari sebagai objek wisata bahari (in Bahasa)
Journal Paradigma 14 (2) pp 195-204
[14] Wunani D, Nursinar S, dan Kasim F 2014 Kesesuaian lahan dan daya dukung kawasan wisata
Pantai Botutonuo Kecamatan Kabila Bone Kabupaten Bone Bolango (in Bahasa) Jurnal
Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 1 pp 18–22
[15] Zacaria D A, William A T, and Newton A 2011 Recreation carrying capacity estimations to
support beach management at Praia de Faro, Portugal Applied geography 31 pp 1075-108

11