Spanish course basic from English

https://alison.com/es/tema/aprender/81804
 Learning Outcomes
 This is the first of three Basic Spanish courses which will introduce the learner to the core elements pronunciation,
grammar, oral and written Spanish.

On completion of the second unit you will have the core vocabulary necessary to:


o Greet people.

o Introduce yourself.

o Introduce others.  

o Say how you are.   

o Ask others about any of the above.

 On completion of the third topic you will have the core vocabulary necessary to:


o Give your telephone number.

o Use numbers 1 through 1,000.000.

o Say your age.

o Ask others about any of the above.

 On completion of the fourth topic you will have the core vocabulary necessary to:


o Say when your birthday is.

o Use the days and months.

 As you familiar with the pronunciation and structure of sentences in Spanish so it is important that you learn a little
about the Spanish Grammar.

 Information on the Spanish alphabet, grammar and verbs is accessed via the resources tab (top right). This will allow
you have the relevant resources open in a second window while you are working through the units.

 It is important that you reference the resource on verbs, (both regular and irregular) as well as the relevant Grammar
sections as they will help you construct the sentences that you need.

 Topic five in this course will show you how to type Spanish characters on your computer keyboard. 

 Hello and Goodbye


 Español English

Hola Hello

Good morning! or Good

¡Buenos días!
day!

¡Buenas Good
tardes! evening!

¡Buenas
Good night!
noches!

¡Hasta
See you later!
luego!  

¡Hasta See you

mañana!  tomorrow!

Adiós  Goodbye

Notes:
Hasta means "until" and luego means "then"; you can translate it as "see you later" or "see you soon". In the same vein, hasta
mañana means "see you tomorrow"

 Hello and Goodbye (Cont)

 Examples

Español English

Buenos días, clase! Good morning, class!

Hola, ¿Cómo están hoy? Hello, how are you today?

Adiós, ¡hasta luego! Bye, see you soon!

 Two friends meet

 la conversación


 Carmen

Roberto
¡Hola Roberto! ¿Cómo estás?

(Hello Roberto! How are Yo estoy bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿cómo

you?) estás?

(I'm fine, thank you. And you?)

Estoy bien.

(I'm fine.) ¿Hay algo nuevo para contar?

(Anything new happen?)

Adiós, hasta mañana.

No mucho. ¡Adiós Roberto! (Good bye, see you tomorrow)
(Not Much. Goodbye Roberto)

 What's your Name?

 la conversación

English
Español

I am
Me llamo
called 

You are called 

Te llamas  (familiar,
singular)

He/She/You is/are
Se llama called
(formal, singular)

We are
Nos llamamos
called 

You are called 

Os llamáis (familiar,
plural)

Se llaman They/You  are

 called 
(formal, plural)


 What's your Name? (Cont)
 Examples:

English
Español

My name is Chris 
Me llamo Chris
(I call myself Chris.)

They're called Peter and Robert.

Se llaman Peter y Robert
(They call themselves...)

What's your name? 

¿Cómo te llamas?
(What do you call yourself?)

What's his/her name?

¿Cómo se llama?
(What does he/she call him/herself?)

 Click for Notes

 To ask someone else's name in Spanish, use cómo, then one of the phrases in the table below (¿Cómo te
llamas? is "What's your name?" (literally How do you call yourself?). In Spanish, to say your name, you use the
reflexive verb llamarse, which means literally to call oneself (Me llamo Robert is "I call myself Robert) meaning "My
name is Robert". "Os llamáis" is only used in Spain. In Latin America, "Se llaman" is used for both the second and
third plural persons.

 Introduce Yourself
 la conversación

Señor González Señora Pérez

Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama usted?

Me llamo Ana Pérez. Y usted, ¿cómo se
(Good day, what is your name?)
llama?
(My name is Anna Perez and you?)

Soy Luis González. Encantado.

Encantada.
(I am Luis Gonzalez, nice to meet
(Nice to meet you.)
you.)

 What's Your Name?

 la conversación

Español English
 I am
Me llamo
called 

You are called 

Te llamas  (familiar,
singular)

He/She/You is/are
Se llama called
(formal, singular)

We are
Nos llamamos
called 

You are called 

Os llamáis (familiar,
plural)

They/You are
Se llaman called 
(formal, plural)


 What's Your Name? (Cont)
 Examples

English
Español

My name is Chris 
Me llamo Chris
(I call myself Chris.)

They're called Peter and Robert.

Se llaman Peter y Robert
 (They call themselves...)

What's your name? 

¿Cómo te llamas?
(What do you call yourself?)

What's his/her name?

¿Cómo se llama?
 (What does he/she call him/herself?)

 Click for Notes

 
 To ask someone else's name in Spanish, use cómo, then one of the phrases in the table below (¿Cómo te llamas? is "What's
your name?" (literally How do you call yourself?). In Spanish, to say your name, you use the reflexive verb llamarse, which
means literally to call oneself (Me llamo Robert is "I call myself Robert) meaning "My name is Robert". "Os llamáis" is only used
in Spain. In Latin America, "Se llaman" is used for both the second and third plural persons.

 Please and Thanks

 la conversación - Dialogue between 

Mujer: (Woman)
 Hombre: (Man)

¡Señorita ¿Sí
(Miss!) (Yes?)

¡Disculpe! ¿Nos podría tomar una foto por favor? ¿Cómo no? ¡Sonrían!
(Excuse me, could you please take a picture for (How could I not?
us?) Smile!)

Gracias.
(Thanks.)

 The Spanish Alphabet
 If you know the alphabet in English, French, German or many other languages, you can easily learn it in Spanish.

That is because the Spanish alphabet is very similar to the alphabets of most European languages. According to Real
Academia Española, which is considered the arbiter of what's official Spanish, the following letters make up the Spanish
alphabet:

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z

In other words, the Spanish alphabet, with 27 letters, is the same as the English alphabet with the addition of the ñ.

For more detail on the alphabet and how they are normally pronounced along with some exceptions read the Pronunciation - the
Spanish Alphabet which is available in the Resources Tab above

 Typical Vocabulary - 2


Español English

Mal Bad


 Really
Fatal
bad

And
¿Y tú?
you?

Gracias Thank you

Thank you very

Muchas gracias
much

You're
De nada
Welcome

Sí  Yes

No No

Números y edad

Super start, keep going!

Hombre (Man) Mujer (Woman)

¿Cuántos años Tengo treinta

tienes? años.
How old are you? I'm thirty years old.

Pareces más joven.. Muchas gracias.

You seem younger. Thanks a lot.

 Numbers 0 - 30

 English Español

0 Cero

1 Uno

2 Dos

Tre
3
s

4 Cuatro

5 Cinco

6 Seis 

7 Siete 

8 Ocho

9 Nueve 

 Numbers 0 - 30 (Cont)


English Español

10 Diez

11 Once

12 Doce


 13 Trece

14 Catorce

15 Quince

16 Dieciséis

17 Diecisiete 

18 Dieciocho

 Numbers 0 - 30 (Cont)



English Español

19 Diecinueve

20 Veinte

21 Veintiuno

22 Veintidós

23 Veintitrés

Veintinuev
29
e

Treint
30
a

 Numbers 0 - 30 (Cont)
 Examples


 Español English

Tengo diecisiete gatos I have 17 cats.

Hay treinta y cinco aulas There are 35 classrooms.

Tengo noventa y seis primos. I have 96 cousins.

¡Quiero un caramelo! I want a candy!

¡Quiero uno! I want one!

Hay veintidós estudiantes en esta clase. There are 22 students in this class.

 Click for Notes

When used before a masculine noun, uno becomes un; before a feminine noun, una. To preserve the stress on the last syllable,
veintiuno acquires an acute accent when it becomes veintiún before a masculine noun. Note the same mechanism in operation
when writing 16 (diez + seis) = dieciséis or 22 (veinte + dos) = veintidós.

 Numbers 31 ... 1,000,00



English Español

31 Treinta y uno

32 Treinta y dos

33 Treinta y tres

40 Cuarenta

50 Cincuenta

60 Sesenta

70 Setenta

80 Ochenta 


 90 Noventa

 Numbers 31 ... 1,000,00 (Cont)



English Español

200 Doscientos

300 Trescientos

400 Cuatrocientos

500 Quinientos

600 Seiscientos

Seteciento
700
s

Ochociento
800
s

900 Novecientos

1,000 Mil

 Numbers 31 ... 1,000,00 (Cont)



English Español

2,000 Dos mil

10,00
Diez mil
0

100,000 Cien mil



101,000 Ciento un mil

1,
Un millón
000,000

 Numbers 31 ... 1,000,00 (Cont)

 Notes

To form the numbers from thirty to one hundred, you take the multiple of ten below it, then y, then its units value:

"54" Cincuenta y cuatro (Like, fifty and four)

"72" Setenta y dos (Like, seventy and two)

"87" Ochenta y siete (Like, eighty and seven)

To say one hundred you say just cien, never un cien. To form the numbers from one hundred to two hundred, you
turn cien into ciento before adding the rest of the number:

"101" Ciento uno

"128" Ciento veintiocho

"150" Ciento cincuenta

"199" Ciento noventa y nueve

 Numbers 31 ... 1,000,00 (Cont)

 Large Numbers
 12,521,008,867,121,403,051 Doce trillones quinientos veintiún mil ocho billones ochocientos sesenta y siete mil ciento
veintiún millones cuatrocientos tres mil cincuenta y uno

68,076,564,322,676,958,606 Sesenta y ocho trillones setenta y seis mil quinientos sesenta y cuatro billones trescientos
veintidós mil seiscientos setenta y seis millones novecientos cincuenta y ocho mil seiscientos seis

Note that the words millones, billones, trillones are written in plural, but mil (thousand) is always kept in singular, even when
counting several thousands. However, if you need to refer to an amount in several thousands without specifying how many, you
can use the plural miles (He escrito miles de cartas = I've written thousands of letters). For this same purpose, you can use
the synonym millares.

Similarly, there is the plural cientos (He escrito cientos de cartas = I've written hundreds of letters). Centenas and
centenares are less common synonyms for cientos.

All those synonyms have forms in singular (Un millar de cartas = One thousand letters; Una centena / Un centenar de
cartas = One hundred letters). These synonyms are not used for actually counting, though.

There is also decena, which means a group of ten.

 What's your Phone Number?

 la conversación

Mujer
Hombre
¿Cuál es tu número de
teléfono? Mi número de móvil es el seis, cinco, dos, doce, cincuenta y seis, cincuenta y
(What's your phone number?) seis.
lit. (my number of cell phone (it) is the six five two twelve fifty-six fifty-six
My cell phone number is 6-5-2-12-56-56.)

Vale.
OK, te llamo en la noche. (Great.)
(OK, I call you at night.)

 Typical Vocabulary - 2


Español English

el hombre the man

el móvil the mobile phone

 el número the number

el número de cellular the cell phone number

el teléfono the telephone

el/la the

en in

igual equal

joven young

 Typical Vocabulary - 3


Español English

más joven younger

la mujer the woman

la noche the night

llamar to call

los años the years

más more

mi my

mucho/mucha much

muchos/muchas many

vale great, OK

valer to be worth

 Days of the Week



English Español

Day día

Week semana

Monday lunes


Tuesday martes

miércole
Wednesday
s

Thursday jueves

Friday viernes

Saturday sábado

Sunday domingo

 Days of the Week



English Español

Yesterday ayer

Tomorrow mañana

Weekend fin de semana

Toda
hoy
y

 Click for Notes

Neither days of the week nor months of the year are capitalised, unless at the beginning of sentences. On the first of the month,
some Spanish speakers say primero [First] (Hoy es domingo primero de enero). You may still find the spelling setiembre in
books from the early 20th century. It emerged from the way some countries pronounce the consonants in it. This spelling is not
standard usage and you should avoid using it.