Knowing Oneself – Strengths and Limitations

Self-Development
- stages of man have many broad aspects covering different developmental tasks and
adjustments
- process of discovering oneself by realizing one's potential and capabilities that are
shaped over time either by studying in a formal school or through environmental
factors

Know Thyself
- “An unexamined life is not worth living” (Socrates)
- an old maxim or aphorism which in time has been used in varied literature and
consequently gained different meanings
- “read thyself” (Thomas Hobbes), The Leviathan

Self-Concept
- one’s abstract and general idea about him/herself particularly toward his/her unique
personality and his/her own perception about his/her set of values, point of views and
behavior
- three components of self-concept: self-image, ideal self, self-esteem
- self-concept is learned (no individual is born with self-concept)
- self-concept is organized (one’s perception towards him/her is firm)
- self-concept is dynamic (as an individual grows older, he/she continues to encounter
problems or challenges that may reveal his/her self-concept in that particular time)

Three Components of Personality

1. Id – primal desires, basic nature
2. Ego – decision-making, reason, self-control
3. Superego – quest of perfection

Knowing Oneself – Characteristics, Habits, and Experiences

Vocabulary
1. Characteristics – your features or own qualities that made you unique
2. Habits – routines of behavior that are repeated regularly and tend to occur
subconsciously
3. Experiences – include knowledge and skills that we acquire in the process of
cognitive and practical activities

Self-Awareness
- the ability to focus on yourself and how your actions, thought, or emotion do or don’t
align with internal standards

Self-Esteem
- evaluation of your own worth, it may be positive or negative
- Positive self-esteem is the valuation that is pleasing and acceptable according to your
standard and that of others, while negative self-esteem is the opposite which is feeling
distraught or down and unaccepted by others
Self-Efficacy
- Efficacy has a specific impact on behavior and emotions, allowing people to
effectively manage problems and achieve desired outcomes. It is your desire to
influence something specific.
- “Self-efficacy does not refer to your abilities but rather to your beliefs about what you
can do with your abilities”

Categories of Self
1. Self as Social Actor
- We are portraying different roles and behaving for every type/set of people in front of
us since we all care about what people think about us. It is practically for social
acceptance.
2. Self as Motivated Agent
- People act based on their purpose. They do things based on their own dreams, and
desires, and plan goals for the future. This, though, is not easily identifiable since it is
self-conceptualized unless it was shared with us.
3. Self as Autobiographical Author
- He/she is the creator of his/her own entire life story. It is about how one is developed
from his/her past, up to the present, and what he/she will become in the future.

Six Steps on How to Make a Rational Decision

1. Define the Problem (select your most desired course);
2. Identify the criteria necessary to judge the multiple options (list things to be
considered like location, facilities, prestige, etc.);
3. Weight the criteria (rank the criteria based on its importance to you);
4. Generate alternatives (the schools that accepted you);
5. Rate each alternative on each criterion (rate each school on the criteria you have
identified); and
6. Compute the optimal decision

Developing the Whole Person - Evaluate One’s Personality

Holistic Development
- development of intellectual, mental, physical, emotional, and social abilities in a child
so that he or she is capable of facing the demands and challenges of everyday life that
is important for success in the professional field of work
- The process of self-actualization and learning that combines an individual’s mental,
physical, social, emotional, and spiritual growth

Developmental Aspects
1. Physical Development
– the changes are preparing you to become physically capable of biological
reproduction
– change in physical appearance
– example: rapid body growth, hair growth, muscle modification
2. Cognitive Development
– the brain continues to develop
 – You are beginning to abstract terms and are able to conceptualize theoretical ideas
3. Psychosocial Development
– Psychological Development – changes in emotions, feelings, moods, and manner
of thinking
– Social Development – you begin to rely more on your friends that on your family
4. Spiritual Development
– you begin to have an interest in spirituals concerns, you start pondering on
questions concerning the existence, religion, and God

Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors in Actual Life Situations

Cognitive Behavioural Triad
Thoughts
- cognitions, ideas, beliefs, values
- how we think affects how we act and feel
- refers to the ideas or arrangements of ideas that result from thinking or the act of
producing thoughts

Feelings and Emotions

- happy, sad, fear, anger, disgust, surprise
- how we feel affects how we think and act
- denotes a state of consciousness, such as that resulting from emotions, sentiments, or
desires

Behavior
- actions
- how we act affects how we think and feel
- refers to the range of actions and mannerism made by individuals, organisms, or any
entities in conjunction with their environment

Developmental Tasks and Challenges of Adolescence

Adolescence
- the period of development that begins at puberty and ends at emerging adulthood
- the transition period between childhood and early adulthood–the most rapid stage of
human development
- WHO: it is a period of life with specific health and development needs and rights

Developmental Challenges of Adolescence

- Cambridge Dictionary defines developmental as relating to the process of growing or
changing into a more advance, larger and stronger form, while challenges is defined
as something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done
successfully and therefore tests a person's ability.
Developmental Tasks of Adolescence

Development through the Help of Significant People

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