7th Edition

Reference Examples

The following are examples of common types of APA Style references. Section numbers indicate where
examples can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).
More information on references and reference examples are in Chapters 9 and 10 of the Publication
Manual as well as the Concise Guide to APA Style (7th ed.). Also see the Reference Examples pages on
the APA Style website.

Journal Article (Section 10.1)

Lachner, A., Backfisch, I., Hoogerheide, V., van Gog, T., Lachner, A., Backfisch, I., Hoogerheide, V., van
Gog, T., & Renkl, A. (2020). Timing matters! Explaining between study phases enhances students’
learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(4), 841–853. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000396

Online Magazine Article (Section 10.1)

Gander, K. (2020, April 29). COVID-19 vaccine being developed in Australia raises antibodies to
neutralize virus in pre-clinical tests. Newsweek. https://www.ntewsweek.com/australia-covid-19-
vaccine-neutralize-virus-1500849

Print Magazine Article (Section 10.1)

Nicholl, K. (2020, May). A royal spark. Vanity Fair, 62(5), 56–65, 100.

Online Newspaper Article (Section 10.1)

Roberts, S. (2020, April 9). Early string ties us to Neanderthals. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/science/neanderthals-fiber-string-math.html

Print Newspaper Article (Section 10.1)

Reynolds, G. (2019, April 9). Different strokes for athletic hearts. The New York Times, D4.
Blog Post (Section 10.1)
Rutledge, P. (2019, March 11). The upside of social media. The Media Psychology Blog.
http://www.pamelarutledge.com/2019/03/11/the-upside-of-social-media

Authored Book (Section 10.2)

Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Pineau, T. R. (2018). Mindful sport performance enhancement: Mental
training for athletes and coaches. American Psychological Association.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0000048-000

Edited Book Chapter (Section 10.3)

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body
health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Applying psychology in the schools. Promoting mind–body
health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological
Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

Online Dictionary Entry (Section 10.3)

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Internet addiction. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved
April 24, 2020, from https://dictionary.apa.org/internet-addiction

Report by a Group Author (Section 10.4)

World Health Organization. (2014). Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young
child nutrition. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/113048/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.1_
eng.pdf?ua=1

Report by Individual Authors (Section 10.4)

Winthrop, R., Ziegler, L., Handa, R., & Fakoya, F. (2019). How playful learning can help leapfrog progress
in education. Center for Universal Education at Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/
uploads/2019/04/how_playful_learning_can_help_leapfrog_progress_in_education.pdf

Press Release (Section 10.4)

American Psychological Association. (2020, March 2). APA reaffirms psychologists’ role in combating
climate change [Press release]. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2020/03/combating-
climate-change

Conference Session (Section 10.5)

Davidson, R. J. (2019, August 8–11). Well-being is a skill [Conference session]. APA 2019 Convention,
Chicago, IL, United States. https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/a5ea5d51/files/uploaded/APA2019_
Program_190708.pdf

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Dissertation From a Database (Section 10.6)
Horvath-Plyman, M. (2018). Social media and the college student journey: An examination of how social

media use impacts social capital and affects college choice, access, and transition (Publication No.
10937367) [Doctoral dissertation, New York University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Preprint Article (Section 10.8)

Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2020). A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval
practice episodes on retention. PsyArXiv. https://psyarxiv.com/kzy7u/

Data Set (Section 10.9)

O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1)
[Data set]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

Film or Video (Section 10.12)

Doctor, P., & Del Carmen, R. (Directors). (2015). Inside out [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures; Pixar Animation
Studios.

TV Series Episode (Section 10.12)

Dippold, K. (Writer), & Trim, M. (Director). (2011, April 14). Fancy party (Season 3, Episode 9) [TV series
episode]. In G. Daniels, H. Klein, D. Miner, & M. Schur (Executive Producers), Parks and recreation.
Deedle-Dee Productions; 3 Arts Entertainment; Universal Media Studios.

Webinar (Section 10.12)

Kamin, H. S., Lee, C. L., & McAdoo, T. L. (2020). Creating references using seventh edition APA Style
[Webinar]. American Psychological Association. https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/tutorials-
webinars

YouTube Video (Section 10.12)

Above The Noise. (2017, October 18). Can procrastination be a good thing? [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQMwmBNNOnQ

Song or Track (Section 10.13)

Nirvana. (1991). Smells like teen spirit [Song]. On Nevermind. DGC.

Radio Broadcast (Section 10.13)

Hersher, R. (2020, March 19). Spring starts today all over America, which is weird [Radio broadcast]. NPR.
https://www.npr.org/2020/03/19/817237429/spring-starts-today-all-over america-which-is-weird

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Podcast Episode (Section 10.13)

Santos, L. (Host). (n.d.). Psychopaths and superheroes (Episode 1) [Audio podcast episode]. In The
happiness lab with Dr. Laurie Santos. Pushkin Industries. https://www.happinesslab.fm/
season-2-episodes/episode-1

Infographic (Section 10.14)

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Data sharing [Infographic]. https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/
data-sharing-infographic.pdf

PowerPoint From a Classroom Website (Section 10.14)

Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations
[PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login

Tweet (Section 10.15)

Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2020, April 7). It’s World Health Day, and we owe a profound debt of
gratitude to all our medical professionals. They’re still giving [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/
BarackObama/status/1247555328365023238

Open Educational Resource (Section 10.16)

Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from
https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view

Webpage (Section 10.16)

Chandler, N. (2020, April 9). What’s the difference between Sasquatch and Bigfoot? howstuffworks.
https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/sasquatch-bigfoot-difference.
htm

Webpage on a News Website (Section 10.16)

Machado, J., & Turner, K. (2020, March 7). The future of feminism. Vox. https://www.vox.com/
identities/2020/3/7/21163193/international-womens-day-2020

Webpage With a Retrieval Date (Section 10.16)

Center for Systems Science and Engineering. (2020). COVID-19 dashboard. Johns Hopkins University.
Retrieved May 6, 2020, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

More information on references and reference examples can SOURCE: American Psychological Association. (2020).
be found in Chapters 9 and 10 of the Publication Manual of the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association
American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Select reference (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
types are also found in Chapters 9 and 10 of the Concise Guide
to APA Style (7th ed.). CREDIT: TRACI GIULIANO, SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY