Asked Questions

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Analog Devices, Inc. AD421 & AD5421 Frequently

 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Version History

version date Author description

1.0 9/5/2008 Documents established

2.0 2013/7/7 CAC (P) Increased section 1.2 References

section increases 2.2 Parameter

increases chapter 3.10 ~ 3.20

increased 3.1 middle AD5421 Content increases 3.3

middle AD5421 Content increases 3.6 middle AD5421

content

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

table of Contents

Version History .................................................. .................................................. .................................. II

table of Contents .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ III
The first 1 Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................. .................................................. ............................ 4

1.1 Product Introduction .................................................. .................................................. ....................... 4

1.2 Reference material .................................................. .................................................. ....................... 4
The first 2 chapter Introduction Principles .................................................. .................................................. ..................... 5

2.1 principle .................................................. .................................................. ............................... 5

2.2 parameter .................................................. .................................................. ............................... 6
The first 3 chapter Frequently Asked Questions Application .................................................. .................................................. ...... 7

3.1 Current loop circuit is not necessary and AD421 or AD5421 separate? ............................................ 7
3.2 Data sheet provided FET Tube is difficult to buy, there is no other substitute for it? ........................................ 7

3.3 How can I be controlled by a microcontroller AD421 with AD5421 Programming? ................................................ 8

3.4 why AD421 It does not match the value of current output and my programming? .................................................. ....... 11

3.5 If I want AD421 It offers more than 20mA Current, can it? .................................................. 12
3.6 when AD421 or AD5421 Power supply to other devices, why loop current is allowed to become? .................... 12

3.7 How to use AD421 To build a current source? .................................................. ............................. 13

3.8 FET And how the pins AD421 connection? .................................................. ................................. 14
3.9 why DN2540 It can easily be damaged? .................................................. ................................. 14
3.10 Current on the current loop, 7-20mA , The measured data and the set value substantially the same. but 7mA The following error is large, 5mA When the

output is actually measured 6.5mA . why? .................................................. ............... 14

3.11 A possibility to use two power AD421 Provides loop power supply? .................................................. .... 14
3.12 Using the following diagram, where model optocoupler 4N28 , Found that when the pull-up resistor is 4.7k When the output current is not correct, and when

the pull-up resistor is 10k , The output current is correct. why? .................................................. ..... 16

3.13 AD421 Evaluation board schematic, 28F0195-100 For EMI Suppression devices recommend whether there are other alternatives? ................................................

.................................................. .................................... 17
3.14 ADI The company also introduced an alternative AD421 Or its similar product it? .......................................... 18

3.15 AD421 versus AD5421 The difference? .................................................. ........................................ 18

3.16 If the loop power supply system, power requirements will be greater than the peripheral devices 3.25mA / 3.15mA Is there any way to resolve the

contradiction between the two? .................................................. .................................................. ... 19

3.17 How to determine the length of the transmission cable loop powered? .................................................. .......................... 19

3.18 Why chip fever is sometimes more powerful, what is the relationship between the working voltage of the chip and the chip power consumption, current and temperature?

..............................................................................................................................................19
3.19 Use a multimeter to measure the current value is correct, and the current value measured when the oscilloscope is not accurate? ......................... 20

3.20 AD5421 no CS Pins, whether you can use SYNC As CS Pin use? ................................. 20

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

The first 1 Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Product Introduction

AD421 Yes ADI It has introduced a single-chip high-performance DAC ( DAC) . It is powered by the loop current,

16 Bit serial input digital signal, 4 ~ 20 mA Current output, full compliance with industry standard control signal output to design smart transmitter, which

enables remote intelligent industrial control. It contains an internal voltage regulator provides + 5V + 3.3V

Or + 3V Output voltage, or other circuits may be used for itself. AD421 Using ΣΔ DAC Structure to ensure 16 Bit resolution and monotonicity,

the integral linearity error is ± 0.001 % Gain error of ± 0.2 %. AD421 stand by HART

letter of agreement. Standard three-wire serial interface can be 10 Mbit / s Under operation, connected with the ease of a microprocessor or microcontroller.

AD5421 Yes AD421 The upgraded version is a complete, loop-powered 4 mA-20 mA DAC

(DAC) , Designed to meet the needs of smart transmitter manufacturers of industrial control and design. compared to AD421 Which has better accuracy,

temperature range, and operating voltage range. AD5421 Built way regulated output power for itself and for the other devices in the transmitter. This regulator

provides 1.8 V to 12 V The regulated output voltage. The device is also built 1.22 V

with 2.5 V A reference voltage source, and therefore does not require a separate regulator reference voltage source. AD5421 It can be combined with standard

HART® FSK Protocol using the communication circuit, and the rated performance is not affected. High speed serial interface capable of 30

MHz Work rate, and allows a SPI 3-wire interface compatible with conventional microprocessors and microcontrollers for simple connection. AD5421 Guarantee

16-bit Monotonic. Under typical conditions, the integral nonlinearity 0.0015% , The offset error is

0.0012% Gain error 0.0006% .

1.2 Reference material

References:

CN0278 Additional voltage output with full capacity 4 mA to 20 mA HART solution:

http://www.analog.com/zh/circuits-from-the-lab/cn0278/vc.html.

UG-250Evaluation Boardfor 16-Bit, Serial Input, Loop-Powered4 mA to 20 mA

DAC: http://www.analog.com/zh/digital-to-analog-converters/daconverters/ad5421/products/EVAL-AD5421/eb.html

CN0267 have HART Complete interface 4 mA to 20 mA Loop powered field instruments:

http://www.analog.com/zh/circuits-from-the-lab/CN0267/vc.html.

AN-534 Additional voltage output with full capacity 4 mA to 20 mA HART solution:

http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/application_notes/AN-534.pdf

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

The first 2 chapter Introduction Principles

2.1 principle

AD421 Mainly by the voltage regulator, and a digital to analog converter current amplifier, whose functional block diagram of FIG. 2-1 Fig. A voltage

regulator of the discharge operation, and the external bandgap reference depletion type FET Tube. DAC Output voltage, this voltage by an operational amplifier

and NPN Flowing through the transistor is set LOOP RTN Current pin. By NPN

Passing through the control transistor 40 Ω resistor voltage is equal to 80K Voltage across the resistor Ω. BOOST General and pins VCC

Connected. when DAC Enter the code from 0 To full scale (full 1) When, from NPN The entire loop current and the current from the output current of the

transistor 4 mA Changes to 20 mA . .

Map 2-1 AD421 Functional Block Diagram

AD5421 The main structure and AD421 Similarly, the built-way voltage output, used to supply itself and other devices in the transmitter.

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 2-2 AD5421 Functional Block Diagram

2.2 parameter

Here are the important parameters related to the chip.

TUE The total unadjusted error: Total unadjusted error ( TUE) A measure of the total output error maximum TUE include INL Error, the output drift

offset error, gain error, and the entire temperature range. TUE use% FSR Representation. for

AD421 ,in 25 Under conditions which ℃ TUE Of ± 0.2% FSR ; AD5421 in 25 Under conditions ℃, which TUE It was ± ± 0.041% FSR .

Loop compliance voltage margin : Loop compliance margin refers to a voltage equal to the output current of the programmed value or LOOP- versus

REGIN The minimum voltage between pins.

Output temperature coefficient ( TC) : Export TC measure 12 mA The output current changes with temperature, with ppm FSR / ° C Representation.

Reference voltage temperature coefficient ( TC) : Reference voltage TC Measure changes in output voltage with the reference temperature. It is

calculated using the black box method, i.e. TC It is defined as the maximum change in the reference voltage output within a given temperature range, with ppm / ° C He said,

Calculated as follows: TC = ( V REFMAX -• •••MIN ) × 10 6

V REFNOM × Temp Range

among them:

VREF_MAX It is measured over the entire temperature range of the maximum output voltage reference.

VREF_MIN Is measured over the temperature range has a minimum reference output voltage.

VREF_NOM It is the nominal output voltage reference 2.5 V .

Temp_Range Rated temperature range.

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

The first 3 chapter Frequently Asked Questions Application

The following sequence of FAQ A detailed description. The title is a narrative in which the issue of title the following text for the detailed answers to

your questions.

3.1 Current loop circuit is not necessary and AD421 or AD5421 separate?

Yes, the FIG. 3-1 Yes AD421 Demonstration of the current loop, the loop current must be floating, or current loop will not be formed. This also

applies to the loop AD5421 .

Map 3-1 Loop-powered overall current flows

3.2 Data sheet provided FET Tube is difficult to buy, there is no other substitute for it?

AD421 Correct FET FIG tube following requirements

Map 3-2 FET The parameter requirements

You can refer to FET Data sheet tube, as long as a few parameters to meet the requirements of the above can be replaced. You can also refer to the

following table to choose

table 3-1 FET Data Reference Manual

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

V GS (off) I DSS @ V GS = 0V
BV DSX R DS (ON)
Device SOT-23 TO-92 TO-220 SOT-89 Notes
Min Max
Number Min V Max V Min mA Max mA

DN2530 250 V 12 Ohm -1 V -3.5 V 200 mA * * 1, 2

DN2535 350 V 25 Ohm -1.5 V -3.5 V 150 mA * * 1, 2

DN2540 400 V 25 Ohm -1.5 V -3.5 V 150 mA * * * 1, 2

DN3125 250 V 20 Ohm -1.5 V -3.5 V 300 mA 2

DN3135 350 V 35 Ohm -1.5 V -3.5 V 180 mA * * 2

DN3145 450 V 60 Ohm -1.5 V -3.5 V 120 mA * 2

DN3525 250 V 6 Ohm - 1.5 V -3.5 V 300 mA * 2

DN3535 350 V 10 Ohm -1.5 V -3.5 V 200 mA * 2

DN3545 450 V 20 Ohm -1.5 V -3.5 V 200 mA * * 2

LND150 500 V 1000 Ohm -1 V -3 V 1 mA 3 mA * * 2

LND250 500 V 1000 Ohm -1 V -3 V 1 mA 3 mA * 2

3.3 How can I be controlled by a microcontroller AD421 with AD5421 Programming?

AD421 & AD5421 use SPI 3 Line communication, and MCU The connection may be reference to the following FIG isolation optocoupler communication can be

used, may be used ADI Release of ADUM Series isolation devices, such as ADuM1400 , ADuM144X .

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 3-3 AD421 & AD5421 Isolation circuit

AD421 System timing reference to the following timing chart 3-4 To note is that you must ensure that the two Latch Exactly between pulses 16

System clock, or else AD421 Will enter Alarm Current mode.

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 3-4 AD421 Timing diagram

We also provide AD421 The reference program, you can for your reference.

AD5421 Referring next to FIG timing 3-5 , Note that if MCU versus AD5421 Over a certain period of time between no communication, it enters a loop

current alarm state.

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 3-5 AD5421 Timing diagram

We also provide AD5421 The reference program, you can for your reference.

ExampleCode_DAC_AD5421.zip

3.4 why AD421 It does not match the value of current output and my programming?

AD421 In addition to current programming mode, as well as Alarm current Mode, if you do not find the current output, please first check

your program is written correctly timing the register, while the next two inspection LATCH Between pulses exceeds the 16 System clock, if more

than 16 One, then AD421 It will default to Alarm current

Mode, the current control output and control codes in this mode as in FIG.

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 3-6 Under ideal input current mode of alarm / output code table

Timing chart when LATCH Over between pulses 16 Timing chart in the case of clock cycles. Regardless two

LATCH Between the number of clock cycles, only the last 17 Pairs AD421 The output influential.

Map 3-7 AD421 Timing diagram

3.5 If I want AD421 It offers more than 20mA Current, can it?

AD421 in Alarm current Mode can provide 3.5mA To 24mA Current range, please refer to the above problem.

3.6 when AD421 or AD5421 Power supply to other devices, why would loop current

You are not allowed to become?

Please check AD421 VCC At the same time the current supplied to other devices, and if it exceeds 3.25mA It may be the case,

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 3-8 AD421 Requirements loop current

AD5421 Also there is a problem, for AD5421 , Peripheral devices may be provided to a current value

3.15mA .

Map 3-9 AD5421 Requirements loop current

3.7 How to use AD421 To build a current source?

is allowed. You need to refer to the following circuit diagram, AD421 The current programming IPROG Will be at R1 Generating a voltage on, because

the principle of operational amplifier with the same phase terminal and the inverting terminal voltage, R2 The upper end of the voltage will follow

LOOP_RTN The same voltage, thereby also producing a current, current size IPROG × R 1/ R 2 , Then the entire flow through the load voltage IL = [ 1 + R 1/ R 2]

•• IPROG . You only need to select the precise resistance since you can control the precision current source

Map 3-10 use AD421 Construction of a current source

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

3.8 FET And how the pins AD421 connection?

Please refer to the following specific connection to FIG. versus Vcc Pin is connected as a source, and a drain connected to the pin loop.

Map 3-11 FET of 3 A pin arrangement

3.9 why DN2540 It can easily be damaged?

MOS Tube is relatively easily damaged by electrostatic discharge device, when the device is to be noted for later welding and good electrostatic

protection.

3.10 Current on the current loop, 7-20mA , The measured data and the set basic values ​of a

kind. but 7mA The following error is large, 5mA When the output is actually measured 6.5mA .

why?

If there are other chips in the system AD421 of VCC To power, the power to ensure that these chips can not exceed AD421VCC The power supply

capacity range ( 4mA Output, VCC Can provide 3.25mA Current). In the present embodiment, the average power consumption of the microcontroller 6mA So,

when AD421 When the output current is low (for example 5mA ), VCC can not provide 6mA Current to the outside of the chip, the chip can result in accuracy.

In the power consumption is reduced to 1mA Around,

AD421 The output becomes very accurate.

Loop-powered transmitter and its peripheral devices have strict power requirements and low power consumption is an important parameter. for AD421

Peripheral circuit power consumption requirements of not more than 3.25mA ; AD5421 Power requirements of peripheral devices is not more than 3.15mA .

3.11 A possibility to use two power AD421 Provides loop power supply?

can. As shown below, red and blue lines respectively two AD421 Loop. Note two AD421 of COM

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

( GND1 with GND2 ) Can not be short-circuited end.

This method can be extended to a plurality of AD421 On the application at the same time AD5421 Also suitable for this application method.

Map 3-12 Two AD421 Connection

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

3.12 Using the following diagram, where model optocoupler 4N28 , Found that when the pull-up

Resistance to 4.7k When the output current is not correct, and when the pull-up resistor is 10k When the output current

correct. why?

Map 3-13 AD421 Simple circuit diagram

The reason is because too slow rising or falling edge of the digital signal output optocoupler. AD421 Rising or falling edge chip information given in a

digital signal can not exceed 1us .

Map 3-14 AD421 Requirements for the rising edge of the digital signal output optocoupler \ falling

and 4N28 Information given in RL for 100 ohm When the rising or falling edge of 2us ,As shown below. increase RL It will make the rising or falling

edge shorten the time, but it does not ultimately solve the problem.

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 3-15 Optocoupler data sheet

The rising edge of the digital signal so that the signal is very slow susceptible to noise, leading to AD421 The data reception error. There are

two solutions:

1 , Adopt ADI of iCoupler Alternative products 4N28 ;

2 , Increase in output optocoupler Schmitt-trigger Shaping the digital signal output from logic gate optocoupler direction becomes so

Steep;

3.13 AD421 Evaluation board schematic, 28F0195-100 For EMI Suppression

Are there any other alternative devices recommended?

Consider using FBMH3225HM102 . In the following link you can find detailed information.

http://ie.farnell.com/taiyo-yuden/fbmh3225hm102nt/ferrite-bead-chip-series-fbfb/dp/1651731?Ntt=1651731

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 3-16 AD421 Evaluation Board

3.14 ADI The company also introduced an alternative AD421 Or its similar product it?

You can also refer to the following several films.

AD5421 ,for AD421 Upgrade products, the same 16-bit Resolution, can replace AD421 Used to provide better accuracy and temperature,

voltage range, a variety of alarm functions.

AD5422 ,can provide 16bits Resolution 4-20mA, 0-20mA or 0-24mA Current output and 0-5V,

0-10V, ± 5V, ± 10V While the output voltage only 0.1% And the total error of the uncalibrated 5ppm / ° C Temperature drift.

AD5750 ,can provide 16bits Resolution 4-20mA, 0-20mA or 0-24mA, ± 20mA, ± 24mA

Current output, 0-5V, 0-10V, ± 5V, ± 10V Voltage output, while the total error uncalibrated 0.1% (B Grade products) and

0.3% ( A Grade product), it is only drift 5ppm / ° C

AD5420 , can provide 16bit Resolution 4-20mA, 0-20mA or 0-24mA Current output uncalibrated total error 0.1% , To

drift 5ppm / ° C .

3.15 AD421 versus AD5421 The difference?

AD5421 for AD421 Upgrade products, the same 16-bit Resolution, can replace AD421 Used to provide better accuracy and temperature, voltage

range, a variety of alarm functions. The two can not pin-compatible. Here it is important to compare the parameters relevant.

Features: the same function, are loop-powered 4-20mA Transmitter. but AD5421 Provide more alarm. Such as SPI Communication interruption, overtime;

over temperature; loop current error.

Package: the two different packages, can not pin-compatible.

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Resolution: all 16-bit Resolution.

Interface: all SPI interface.

voltage: AD421 The maximum supply voltage 5V , AD5421 The maximum supply voltage 52V .

Accuracy: AD421 The accuracy of ±0.2%@25 ℃, AD5421 The accuracy of ±0.027%@25 ℃, so

AD5421 Higher accuracy.

Chip Operating temperature: AD421 The operating temperature range is - 40 ℃ - 85 ℃; AD5421 The operating temperature range is - 40 ℃

--105 ℃.

3.16 If the loop power supply system, power requirements will be greater than the peripheral devices

3.25mA / 3.15mA Is there any way to resolve the contradiction between the two?

The method is there, it can increase DC-DC Converter, loop powered from the on-chip high voltage power supply or output pin, through DC-DC In

addition to supplying Conversion AD5421 / AD421 Outside the device, so that conflict between the peripheral devices and the loop current consumption to some

extent solved. Note that even in this way can only solve the contradiction between the two to a certain extent.

In the design DC-DC When the converter, must pay attention to the connection, and the chip needs COM Terminal coupled to ground to maintain

floating.

3.17 How to determine the length of the transmission cable loop powered?

Whether it is AD421 still is AD5421 , Which affects the output voltage of the transmission line by the length of the current output port, sampling the

resistance value, the resistance of the cable wire.

= Length of the transmission cable Maximum resistance of the transmission cable

Line resistance of the transmission cable

Transmission cable maximum resistance = The maximum output voltage of the current output port - 20•• * Sampling resistor value
20••

3.18 Why sometimes fever more powerful chip, chip operating voltage and power consumption of the chip,

What is the relationship between current and temperature?

Circuitry may be used as shown below will be briefly described. That the load current output port RL The resistance value is small, the resistance

is approximately 0 Ohm, then almost all of the voltage drops fall on the chip. for AD5421 , If 24V Loop-powered, then the maximum power consumption of

the chip 20mA * 24V = 480mW ;use 32-Lead

LFCSP_WQ Package, the thermal resistance 40 ℃ / W , Then the chip is raised relative to ambient temperature 0.48 * 40 = 19.2 ℃. So sometimes the chip may

have a fever.

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 AD421 & AD5421 Frequently Asked Questions

Map 3-17 AD5421 Simple circuit diagram

3.19 Multimeter current value correctly measured current value, when measured using the oscilloscope

Inaccurate?

Ends using an oscilloscope to measure the voltage sampling resistor always, due to the oscilloscope is not vacant, a fixed potential. Therefore, the

oscilloscope is connected to the ground of the chip, the chip's ground will result being lifted, thereby destroying the current loop.

3.20 AD5421 no CS Pins, whether you can use SYNC As CS The pin

use?

AD5421 can use SYNC Alternative pin CS Function.

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