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4 Lab Work

This document summarizes Laboratory Work #4 on applications of superposition theorem, Thevenin and Norton theorems, and diodes. It includes explanations of node-voltage analysis, mesh-current analysis, writing node-voltage and mesh-current equations, superposition theorem, unit-output method, Thevenin and Norton theorems, semiconductor diodes, the i-v characteristic of diodes, and light emitting diodes (LEDs). It also describes two experiments - one applying Thevenin's theorem and measuring the Thevenin voltage and resistance, and another applying Norton's theorem and measuring the Norton current and resistance. Calculated and measured values are reported and equivalent circuits are drawn.

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Sabina Ismagulova
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100 views5 pages

4 Lab Work

This document summarizes Laboratory Work #4 on applications of superposition theorem, Thevenin and Norton theorems, and diodes. It includes explanations of node-voltage analysis, mesh-current analysis, writing node-voltage and mesh-current equations, superposition theorem, unit-output method, Thevenin and Norton theorems, semiconductor diodes, the i-v characteristic of diodes, and light emitting diodes (LEDs). It also describes two experiments - one applying Thevenin's theorem and measuring the Thevenin voltage and resistance, and another applying Norton's theorem and measuring the Norton current and resistance. Calculated and measured values are reported and equivalent circuits are drawn.

Uploaded by

Sabina Ismagulova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LABORATORY WORK # 4

APPLICATIONS OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM, THEVENIN AND NORTON THEOREM,


DIODES

4 Answer the questions below in written form.


4.1 Explain node-voltage analysis.
In electric circuits analysis, nodal analysis, node-voltage analysis, or the branch current method is a method
of determining the voltage (potential difference) between "nodes" (points where elements or branches
connect) in an electrical circuit in terms of the branch currents.
4.2 Explain mesh-current analysis.
The mesh current method is a network analysis technique where mesh (or loop) current directions are
assigned arbitrarily, and then Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) and Ohm's law are applied systematically to
solve for the unknown currents and voltages.
4.3 How to write mesh-current or node-voltage equations by inspection?
The procedure for writing the mesh equation in matrix form can be simplified as follows. Convert the
current source into equivalent voltage source by source transformation. All the resistance through which the
loop current I1 flows are summed up and denoted by R11.
4.4 Explain superposition theorem.
Superposition theorem states that in any linear, bilateral network where more than one source is present, the
response across any element in the circuit is the sum of the responses obtained from each source considered
separately.
4.5 Explain unit-output method.
Under this method, you would compute the depreciation charge per unit of output. Then, multiply this figure
by the number of units of goods or services produced during the accounting period to find the period's
depreciation expense.
4.6 Explain Thevenin and Norton theorem.
This Theorem says that any circuit with a voltage source and a network of resistors can be transformed into
one voltage source and one resistor.
4.7 What is a semiconductor diode?
A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-way switch for current. It allows current to
flow easily in one direction, but severely restricts current from flowing in the opposite direction.
4.8 Draw the i-v characteristic of the diode.

4.9 What is a LED?


A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device, which can emit light when an electric current
passes through it.

Experiment 4A. (THEVENIN)


Figure 5.14

1- What is the voltage seen on the voltmeter in Figure 5.14 called? Read and note this voltage.
2- Mathematically calculate the Thevenin voltage
Measured voltage Calculated voltage

6.13 6.05

3- Remove the voltmeter and the “V” source from the circuit. Short circuit the source sockets in the
circuit. At this moment, measure the resistance of the R2 resistor using ohmmeter. What is this resistance
called? Read and note the value seen on the ohmmeter.
4- Mathematically calculate the Thevenin resistance.
Measured resistance Calculated resistance

3.075 3.52

5- Construct (draw) the Thevenin Equivalent of the circuit with the values you found.

6- Make the circuit connections as Figure 5.16. Read and note the voltage on the load and the current
passing through the load.
Figure 5.16
7- Mathematically calculate the voltage on the load and current passing through the load
Measured voltage Calculated voltage Measured current Calculated current

0.948 0.916 51.03 50.97

Experiment 4B. (NORTON)


Connect the Y-0016/004module to its place. Before making the circuit connections, give energy to the
set and adjust the power supply voltage to 6V. Cut off the energy of the set. Make the circuit connection as in
Figure 5.23. Give energy to the circuit.

Figure 5.23
1- What is the current seen on the ammeter in Figure 5.23 called? Read and note this current.
2- Mathematically calculate the Norton current.
Measured current Calculated current

60.15 60.31

3- Remove the ammeter and the source from the circuit. Short circuit A1 and the source sockets in the
circuit. Open the short circuit across the terminals of the R2 resistor. Read the resistance across the R2 resistor
using ohmmeter. What is this resistance called? Note the resistance seen on the ohmmeter. 4- Mathematically
calculate the Norton resistance.
Measured resistance Calculated resistance

6.57 6.01

5- Draw the Norton Equivalent circuit with the values you found.

6- Make the circuit connections as Figure 5.25. Read and note the voltage on the load and the current
passing through the load.

Figure 5.25

7- Mathematically calculate the current passing through the load and the voltage on the load.
Measured voltage Calculated voltage Measured current Calculated current

0.949 0.837 31.64 25.58

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