HTTP Basics

Marcin Chodkowski
Welcome
HTTP Basics
HTTP - intro
HTTP Basics
TCP/IP
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to connect to a network?
• About TCP/IP network types
• With what equipment we build TCP/IP networks?
• What are: server, router, and application server?
TCP/IP

•Network card
• MAC (98:01:a7:ad:14:49)

MAC => 192.168.0.2

Network types - LAN
Network types - MAN
Network types - WAN
Router
Server

• Physical machine
• Powerful processor
• Very weak graphic card
• Several network ports
Application server
Application that waits for requests

Examples of application servers for:

• www pages - Apache, Ngnix, Tomcat 
• ftp - ProFTPd
• email - Qmail
After watching this video you know:
• In order to connect to a network, you need a network card.
• That there are there TCP/IP network categories: LAN, MAN, and WAN.
• That networks are created by using routers.
 DNS
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• What is DNS?
• How many servers does DNS consist of?
• Who manage DNS servers
DNS
o m a i n called
d res s has a d
at IP ad
wh e.com
A s k s exampl

1 6.34
93.184.2 DNS Server

Request
Visited website
Response

Server waits for

Request
After watching this video you know:
• That DNS is a dictionary of domains and corresponding IPs.
• That there are 13 root DNS servers.
• In addition, there are complementary servers.
• Every domain has assigned two DNS servers: main and
complementary.
• Every server (main and complementary) has info about the other
one.
DNS – tracert - demo
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to check which servers in the world your request to
google.com server goes through?
• How to show on a map which servers your request goes through?
After watching this video you know:
• How to check which way your request gets to a server. You will know
how to use tracert command.
• How will know the page on which you can check what route your
request gets to a server.
Communication between Client
and Server
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How the communication looks like between a client and a server?
How the communication looks like between a client and a
server?
Request

Response

Visited webpage Server waits for

Request

…
After watching this video you know:
• That a client sends requests and a server sends responses for that
requests.
Request
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• From what parts a request consists of.
Request
GET /?query=London HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.13; rv:60.0)
Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
[Empty line]
After watching this video you know:
• That a request consists of:
• http method
• urn
• http version
• host
• headers 
• body
Response
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• From what parts a response consists of.
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Host: example.com
Connection: close
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.33
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

Body
After watching this video you know:
• That a request consists of:
• http version
• http code with description
• host
• response headers
• body
HTTP methods
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• What are HTTP methods?
• How many HTTP methods can be distinguished?
• With what HTTP methods the data can be sent to a server?
Methods of communication - HTTP

Method Request Body Response Body Application

GET no yes Download / display resource

POST yes yes Send data to a server as a key-value form or a file

PUT yes yes Update data on a server as a key-value form.

DELETE yes yes Remove resource from a server
HEAD no no It is like GET, but returns only headers - without body
After watching this video you know:
• That the example http methods were GET, POST, PUT, DELETE,
HEAD.
• That the http methods that can send data to a server are:
• POST
• PUT
• DELETE
Headers
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• What are headers?
• What are examples of headers?
Request Headers
Header name Explanation Example
Accept Sets data type which is accepted by Accept: text/plain
application
Authorization Data used for authorization on the server Authorization: Basic
site QWxhZffghyssaGVuIHRRtgtZQ==

Cookie Cookie content that client received from Cookie: name=value

a server
Content-type Determines data type in a request body Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml;
charset=utf-8

Host Domain consistent with URI Host: sda.jszewczak.com

Content-Length Determines size of a request(in bytes) Content-Length: 12

Response Headers
Header name Explanation Example
Access-Control-Allow-Or Determines which domains can send Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
igin requests to a server

Allow HTTP methods which are supported by a Allow: GET, HEAD

server
Expires Determines time when the response is Expires: Fri, 02 Dec 1999 17:00:00
considered outdated by the browser GMT

Set-Cookie Sets cookie value on the browser site Set-Cookie: User=Max;

sessio_id=3601;

Content-Encoding Encoding used by a server to send the Content-Encoding: gzip

response
After watching this video you know:
• That headers are an extra information send to and from a server.
• A few examples of headers and you will know that there is an
unlimited number of header names.
URL, URI
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• Of what parts does the URI consist of?
• How a very expanded version of the URI looks like.
URI structure
URI

https://github.com/ login

URL URN

http://login:[email protected]:80/res/2/second?p1=1&p2=2#paragraph1

<protocol>://<login>:<password>@<server name>:<port>/<path to resource>?<optional

parameter>#<anchor to the html fragment>
After watching this video you know:
• That the URI in the basic form consists of a protocol and a server
name.
• That the most expanded version of the URI consists of parts like:
• Protocol
• Login, Password
• Server name, port
• Path to resource, optional parameters
• Anchor to the html fragment
HTTP Codes
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• What are HTTP codes?
• How many HTTP codes there are?
HTTP Codes
After watching this video you know:
• That an HTTP code is a number and a short description.
• That an HTTP code is returned by the server to inform what
happened with a request.
• That there are 62 official HTTP codes.
 REST
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• What are:
• REST
• JSON
• HATEOAS
• What is the function of REST, JSON, and HATEOAS.
REST
URL
api.test.com/cars api.test.com/cars/car/1
Method
GET Download all cars from a server Download one car form a server
PUT Change all cars on a server Change one car on a server

POST Add one car to existing list on a You shouldn’t use that
server

DELETE Remove all cars from a server Remove one car from a server
JSON
Car
{
  "name": "Ford",
  "doors": 4,
 …
}

Car collection:
[{car1}, {car2}]
HATEOAS
GET /cars/car/1 HTTP

{
"id": 1,
"name": "Ford",
"links": [
{"href": ”/cars/car/1/status", "rel": "status", "type": "GET"},
...
]
}
After watching this video you know:
• That REST is a way of creating an urn part of the URI. The same as
HTTP, REST is also stateless.
• That JSON is a text format used in HTTP communication.
• That HATEOAS is an additional link in JSON response body from a
server.
• That HATEOAS is the most mature level of API levels.
Redirections
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to make a redirection on a user side?
• How to make a redirection on a server side?
Redirections
Link in html

Please click on <a href="https://mypage.com/me.html">that link</a>.

Header named Location

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Location: https://mypage.com/me.html
Content-Type: text/html

Please click on <a href="https://mypage.com/me.html">that link</a>.

Redirections - apache rewrite
Redirect permanent /oldpage.html http://www.example.com/newpage.html
Redirect 301 /oldpage.html http://www.example.com/newpage.html
After watching this video you know:
• How to make a redirection on a user’s browser side using Location
header.
• How to make a redirection on a server side using a correct
configuration.
curl - installation
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to install curl in Windows system step by step.
• Watch this move and repeat all steps of the installation by
yourself.

Important!
• If you have installed Git for Windows you can omit this move.
After watching this video you know:
• How to correctly install a curl program.
curl - demo
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to sent requests using curl.
After watching this video you know:
• How to send a request by curl using HTTP methods: GET, POST.
• How to sent HTTP headers via curl.
• How HTTP headers and HTTP codes look like.
wget – installation, demo
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to install and use a wget program?

Important!
• This program isn’t installed with Git for Windows. That is why you
should install it with this instruction.
After watching this video you know:
• How install a wget program.
• How to download a response and save it to the file using wget.
ping - demo
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to check if computers are connected to the same network?
After watching this video you know:
• How to check whether two computers are in the same network.
• Known flags:
• -t - unlimited number of repetitions
• -n - specified number of repetitions
• -l - package size
• That you can use a few flags in one command in a terminal and in a
a cmd.
ssh - installation
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to install the ssh tool.
• How to create a basic configuration.

Important!
• If you have installed Git for Windows already, you can skip this
video.
After watching this video you know:
• How to install and configure the ssh tool.
ssh - demo
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• What the ssh can do.
• How to log in to a server using the ssh.
• How you can run a command on a server.
• How to log in to a server without a password.
• How to configure the ssh command.
After watching this video you know:
• That the ssh can be used to log in to a server.
• That in order to log in to a server without a password, you need a
public key.
• How to configure the ssh to use:
• port
• username
• any server name that you like
live http headers – installation,
demo
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to install the Live Http Headers addon to Google Chrome and
Mozilla Firefox browsers.
• How to collect all requests and responses that are in your browser
using the Live Http Headers addon .
After watching this video you know:
• Have installed the live http headers addon in Google Chrome or
Mozilla Firefox browser.
• Know how to collect and browse all requests and responses in your
browser using the live http headers addon.
postman - installation
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• How to install Postman.
After watching this video you know:
• Have Postman installed.
• Have an account created in Postman.
• Have the basic settings in Postman configured.
postman – demo
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• What Postman can be used for.
• What are the basic concepts in Postman.
• How to send a request and store it in Postman.
After watching this video you know:
• What Postman can be used for.
• What are: 
• History 
• Collection 
• Environments
• Workspaces
• How response headers and HTTP codes look like.
• How to send POST and GET requests with or without headers.
HTTP vs HTTPS
HTTP Basics
In this video you will learn:
• What is HTTPS, what benefit you can get from it, and when you
should use it.
• What the server should have in order to be available over the
HTTPS.
User Site using Http

User Site using Https

SSL
Certification
After watching this video you know:
• That HTTPS makes it difficult to eavesdrop on requests and
responses to and from a server.
• That a server must have a SSL certificate.
Congratulations!
You’ve finished the course!