N.

ENTERPRENURSHIP
SKILL
The SNNPRS-CITA
working environment had
been a good starting place
to enhance our
entrepreneur capabilities.
Indeed, we learned a lot on
improving critical thinking and
problem-
solving skills. The change
from school to workplace itself
was another learning
opportunity,
conditioning us to adapt to
change and to be able to take
responsibility.

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF

COMPUTING AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Internship report
Hosting Company: In Debre Tabor University ICT Center

Internship practice on: networking

PREPARED BY: Shegaye Zenaw

ID NO: NSR/2139/12

Duration of internship time: two month (July 01/2014 - August 30/ 2014 E.C)

Company supervisor: Mr.Fasikaw

University advisor:
SUBMISSION DATE:

PLACE: ARBA MINCH, ETHIOPIA

Declaration
This internship report is prepared by Arba Minch university 4th year information
technology students that I have undertaken my internship experience in Debre Tabor
University ICT center for a period of two month. We clarify that our work is original and
compiled according to the internship report writing guideline given by the institute.

I am Shegaye Zenaw a student of DebreTabor University I have completed my internship

report that is in Debre Tabor University for Academic year of 2014E.C. All the report
information’s written in this report are obtained from what I have seen in my Internship
period and from reading different books of the company, and the Company project working
manuals. All the report is done by me except those documents which are mentioned in the
reference. Name: Shegaye Zenaw signature: date:

The under signed approve that the above student has completed his internship program for
two month period under my supervision

Approval of company supervisor

Name: Mr. Fasikaw signature: date:

Approval of university mentor

Name: signature: date:

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, our grateful thanks to almighty God for keeping me safe to
finish our internship program healthy and happy. I would like to thank Debre Tabor
University Information Communication Technology (ICT) Directorate for it was
voluntary to accept our request letter from Arba Minch University Industrial
Linkage (UIL).
And I would like to thank our hosting company supervisor Mr.Fasikaw for his
exemplary guidance, constant encouragement, and careful monitoring
throughout the internship. And also I would like thank Arba Minch University’s
University Industry Linkage and faculty of computing and software Engineering
for giving me a chance to participate in two months internship period by accepting
my request to be placed at DebreTabor university ICT center.

Finally, I have a big thank to my family for their encouragement, patience and
support throughout my internship time.
Executive Summery
It is a clear fact that a knowledge of information technology cannot upgraded
without practical experience in each field of the subject matter. This paper is
written report about the internship program about my practical attachment at the
time of August 2014 E.C In summer season at Debre Tabor University. This report
discuss my overall internship experience that I gained for two months.
And also this report has portions those are the first portion describes the companies
brief history, organization and work flow, its vision, mission, objective, it’s main
product and service, company main customer or end user of its main product or
service. the second portion discuss about overall internship experience such as how
I get into the company, section of the company I participated, task I have executed
during the internship period, challenge performing during my task, measure I have
taken to overcome the problem, materials and methodology I used, work flow of
working section and the third portion discuss about overall benefit I gained from
the internship and the last portion describes about conclusion and
recommendation about my internship and the company.

Generally the ICT development directorate is one of the core service centers that
have been set up to provide information service within the university. It provides
services in the areas of IT department, and then Information Technology is one of
the major field areas that participate in the ICT Center. The Organization has ICT
office and there are a lot of tasks done in the organization regarding computer skills
and managing experiences by different experts to facilitate the learning and sharing
of knowledge for practical achievement. This report also covers network
installation and Wi-Fi installation and some data collection methods to identify the
problem of the organization. All the problems and solution designed are included in
this report. Generally the internship play a greater role to develop my Skill and
experience in networking part.
All in all, we can say that from
this internship period in
addition to formal academic
knowledge
wewere able to gain general
purpose life experiences in
other aspects. These
experiences are
unforgettable and we believe
that it shaped our personality
and behavior like:-
 It helps us to be optimist in
our future task and to think
positiv
All in all, we can say that from
this internship period in
addition to formal academic
knowledge
wewere able to gain general
purpose life experiences in
other aspects. These
experiences are
unforgettable and we believe
that it shaped our personality
and behavior like:-
 It helps us to be optimist in
our future task and to think
positiv
All in all, we can say that from
this internship period in
addition to formal academic
knowledge
wewere able to gain general
purpose life experiences in
other aspects. These
experiences are
unforgettable and we believe
that it shaped our personality
and behavior like:-
 It helps us to be optimist in
our future task and to think
positiv

LIST OF ACRONYM

Access point
(AP).................................................................................................................................................51
Category
(CAT)...............................................................................................................................................51
Debre Tabor University
(DTU)...............................................................................................................................................51
Information Communication Technology
(ICT).................................................................................................................................................51
Information Communication Technology (ICT).................................................................................51
Information Technology
(IT)...................................................................................................................................................51
Internet Protocol
(IP)...................................................................................................................................................51
Light-emitting diode
(LED)................................................................................................................................................51
Local Area Network
(LAN)...............................................................................................................................................51
Media Access Control
(MAC)..............................................................................................................................................51
Metric 6 mm screw
(M6 screw)......................................................................................................................................51
Register Jack-45
(RJ-45).............................................................................................................................................51
Single-mode optical fiber
(SMF)...............................................................................................................................................51
Uninterrupted power supply
(UPS)...............................................................................................................................................51
University Industry Linkage
(UIL).................................................................................................................................................51
Unshielded Twisted Pair
(UTP)...............................................................................................................................................51
Wireless Fidelity
(Wi-Fi).............................................................................................................................................51

List of figure

List of figure..............................................................................................................................6
Figure 1.1 the end users of DTU ICT center...........................................................................12
Figure1.2 Organizational Structure and work flow of Debre Tabor University ICT center. . .13
Figure 2.1 Drilling machine.....................................................................................................17
Figure 2.2 trunk.......................................................................................................................17
Figure 2.3 fisher.......................................................................................................................17
Figure 2.4 rack or cabinet box.................................................................................................18
Figure 2.5 access switch..........................................................................................................18
Figure 2.6 UTP patch panel.....................................................................................................19
Figure 2.7 Wall outlet..............................................................................................................19
Figure 2.8 RJ45 Connector......................................................................................................20
Figure 2.9 Wire cutter..............................................................................................................20
Figure 2.10 UTP wire striper...................................................................................................20
Figure 2.11 Cat6e keystone jack..............................................................................................21
Figure 2.12 Crimping tool.......................................................................................................21
Figure 2.13 Cable tester...........................................................................................................21
Figure 2.14 Punch down tool/ puncher....................................................................................22
Figure 2.15 Unshielded twisted pair cables.............................................................................22
Figure 2.16 Cable management...............................................................................................23
Figure 2.17 Optical fiber Wire stripper...................................................................................23
Figure 2.18 Fiber cleaver.........................................................................................................24
Figure 2.19 Fiber cleaning paper and alcohol.........................................................................24
Figure2.20 Optical fiber splicer...............................................................................................24
Figure2.21 Heat shrink tubing.................................................................................................25
Figure 2.22 drilling..................................................................................................................26
Figure 2.23 installing cable inside trunk..................................................................................26
Figure 2.24 covering the cable by using trunk cover...............................................................26
Figure 2.25 Striping the cable..................................................................................................27
Figure 2.26 Untwist and straighten the wires..........................................................................27
Figure 2.27 A type UTP cable color arrangement...................................................................28
Figure2.28BtypeUTPcablecolorarrangement..........................................................................28
Figure 2.27 cutting of the wires for crimping..........................................................................28
Figure 2.28 Squeezing and crimping the UTP cable...............................................................29
Figure 2.29 testing the cable....................................................................................................29
Figure 2.30 color arrangement of keystone jack.....................................................................31
Figure 2.31 Punch down the UTP Wires in to keystone jack..................................................31
Figure 2.32 installation of keystone jack in to wall outlet and attach it in to box...................32
Figure 2. 34 sort or arrange UTP cable color and insert into in patch panel pin.....................33
Figure 2.35 punching of UTP cable in patch panel.................................................................33
Figure 2.36 installing patch panel............................................................................................33
Figure 2.37 Install mounting ears of access switch.................................................................34
Figure2.38 Install four floating nuts to install switch..............................................................34
Figure 2.39 install the switch in the cabinet or rack................................................................35
Figure 2.40 Single-mode fiber optic cable..............................................................................36
Figure 2.41Multimode fiber optic cable..................................................................................36
Figure 2.42 stripping the fiber optic cable...............................................................................38
Figure 2.43 cleaving the fiber..................................................................................................38
Figure 2.44 fusing the fiber optic cable...................................................................................39
Figure 2.45 protecting the fiber by Fiber cleaning paper and alcohol.....................................39
Figure 2.46 mark the drilling positions through holes of the bracket......................................40
Figure2.47 fixing a mounting bracket to install wireless access point....................................40
Figure 2.48 indoor wireless access point.................................................................................41
Figure 2.49 installing indoor access point...............................................................................41
Figure2. 50 hanging the wall mounting bracket for outdoor access point...............................42
Figure 2.52 mounting the outdoor AP to wall mounting bracket............................................42
Figure 2.53 outdoor wireless access point...............................................................................43
Figure 2.54 an over view of DebreTabor University ICT directorate data center...................43
 Chapter one
Introduction
Background of Debre Tabor University and ICT center
Debre Tabor University is a university in the city of Debre Tabor, the capital of the
Southern Gondar, Amhara Regional State in Ethiopia.
Debre Tabor University was established in 2001 E.C. Their Excellences Addisu Legesse
and Demeke Mekonen laid the foundation stone on the eastern part of the town about 4
Kms away from its center on 126 hectares of land.
 Debre Tabor University is one among the universities built in the third-generation
universities in Ethiopia. Debre Tabor University officially starts to run its job in 2003
E.C with the overall objective of producing trained labor force for the economy. Since
then, the University has shown tremendous progress in its scope and scale. In 2004 E.C
the department of management and department of accounting and finance was only
opened by the mutual agreement of the Ministry of Education and Debre Tabor
University. Then after University of Debre Tabor started with six faculties, faculty of
medicine and health sciences, faculty of business and economics, faculty of natural &
computational Sciences, faculty of social sciences & humanities, faculty of agriculture,
and faculty of technology.
After that competed DTU ICT directorate was established in 2006E.C with the hope of
using it to respond the current developments of Debre Tabor University and ever-
increasing needs of the University Community towards Information Technology Products
and services.

Mission, Vision and Objectives of DTU ICT directorate

Mission
 To effectively conceive, develop, implement, utilize, and manage appropriate
information systems in order to provide integrated, coordinated and customer-
focused quality ICT services to Debre Tabor University in line with its vision,
mission and objectives.
Vision
 To provide a quality ICT services for Debre Tabor University and for the
Community.
Objectives
 To identify, acquire and install relevant ICT resources and implement the technology
transfer University-wide.
 To manage operations and maintenance of ICT resources.
 To train end-users on computer literacy and offer end-user computing support.
 To offer technical advice and consultancy ICT related activities.
 Planning, implementation and development of ICT infrastructure and Information
Systems.
Objectives of the internship
General objective of the internship
 The general objective of the internship is to change the theoretical knowledge to
practical knowledge.
Specific objective of the internship
Beside to accomplish the general objective of the field practice, specific objectives are
necessary. This are:
 To improve the student ability as a preparation to entering the working environment.
 To figure out about habitual activity that is done in working environment or
Corporation, learn about honesty, friendliness, creativity, and time management.

 To get a work opportunity that is integrated in doing business activities.

 To help the students know how communicate effectively with another employee,
 And how to work in team or individually.
 Reviewing the current system and knowing the problem
 To study Ethernet infrastructures
 To develop qualified education.
 To gain valuable work experience.
 To develop and gain refine skills.
The main services in DTU ICT directorate: -

 Network Design and Installation

 System and Application Development
 Video conference
 Technical support and maintenance
 Teaching and learning technology

Main customers or end users of products or service

The main end users of the DTU ICT center are:
 Students
 Employees
 Government
DTU ICT center give service to Debre Tabor University. In the other term societies that get
service from Debre Tabor University are the main customers or end users of the ICT center.
In General, the main end users or customers are the society who lived in Debre Tabor
University and society live in Debre Tabor town and also Government are end user of DTU
ICT center.

Customers
 Internal External

Secondary Primary Secondary

Primary
Students (As Government
Employee Student
educational
(Educator) (external Industry
Partners)
student) Parents

Figure 1.1 the end users of DTU ICT center

Organizational structure and work flow of Debre Tabor University ICT

center
Debre Tabor University ICT center has to strive in balance management system that is
democratic, honest, inspiring, transparent, and highly participatory.

ICT directorate
 Technical Teaching
Network
and Training and Soft ware
support and infrastructur
learning advisory
maintenance e Development
technology

Figure1.2 Organizational Structure and work flow of Debre Tabor University ICT center

Chapter two
The overall internship experiences
How we get into company
To get the company first the Arba Minch university education and industry linkage officer
had given the application letter. After that I collect information about each company which is
important for our internship practice. Then we have searched the company for internship
work by using this application letter. Before we got the company, we tried to join different
offices like Ethio-Telecom, commercial bank of Ethiopia but those companies cannot accept
our internship request in case they said due to security, we have not place, there is no teacher
and so on. After that I had gone to Debre Tabor University and Debre Tabor university
industry linkage (UIL) office have accepted the form and Arba Minch university industry
linkage (UIL) office coordinator writing acceptance form for ours and Debre Tabor
University. When we reach at Debre Tabor university Debre Tabor university industry
linkage (UIL) officer assigned us to work in DTU ICT center and oriented about the
internship practice, we have been working in the Debre Tabor university ICT center starting
from July 01/2014 - august 30/ 2014 E.C

The section of the company we have been working

During our stay in the company, we have chosen networking from the various sectors offered
To us as an alternative to put into practice the Network technology we have seen at the
theory level because it is one of the sections of the Organization that provides adequate
functional training in the organization.
When we arrive at DTU ICT center we wear ask the ICT center directorate supervisor Mr.
Fasikaw and other workers of the company to get our specific task. They wear voluntary to
giving our specific task with regard to participate in networking section task in the ICT
center. There for our decision wear to participate at the network and infrastructure section. In
this section there are many activities are done like network installation, wireless network
installation, network maintenance and give any serves to DTU that are related to network.

The work flow of the section.

The work flow in the network and infrastructure section in DTU ICT is there is supervisor,
network assistance and secretary.

The work we have been executing.

During the internship period we performed the work Network installation in the block like
Cable Crimping and arrangement, installing switch and patch panel, Fusion splice of fiber
optic cable, installing indoor and outdoor Wi-Fi, installation of uninterrupted power supply
(UPS) and other networking activities.
Methodology
For the achievement of our internship, we used different approach. Accordingly, the
following procedure was used to overcome our difficulty and lastly, we achieved
our work or project in a good and best manner. Some methods are as listed as follow:
 Observation of the site
 Measurement
 Counting no of nodes and users.
a) Observation
This is the first thing to start our task or network installation used to surveying or collect
idea in which path we install the network cable in the buildings and rooms to select the
shortest and best path to perform our task or to create LAN.
b) Measurement
In this step we measured each and every room length in addition to cable length and trunk
length from rack room that contain each access switch. Then from access switch to nodes or
end users.
C) Counting
Counting is method which we used to count number of nodes in each room, buildings and
number of switch and patch panel in each building. And which are functional and non-
functional and number of users how many users is there to solve problem of network
availability of the personals. Then finally we put the Proposed Network materials and in the
following table.

Materials used during our internship period

 Puncher  UTP cable
 Fishery  Hammer
 Saw  Fiber cleaver
 Screw  Fiber cleaning paper and alcohol
 Cable tie  Optical fiber fusion splicer
 Meter  Long measuring tape
 Cable manager  Heat shrink tube
 Crimper  Patch panel
 Tester  Wall outlet
 Ladder  Cutter
 Drilling machine  Wire stripper
 Screw  Screw and nuts
 Rack  Cat6E keystone jack
 Trunk  Optical fiber Wire stripper
 Switch  Fiber optic cable stripe
 Screw driver
DESCRIPTIONOF NETWORKING DEVICES WE HAVE USE

Drill: It is machine is used to create holes on different objects. We have used this machine to
create hole on the wall and that holds the rack on the wall.

Figure 2.1 Drilling machine

Trunk: is used to protect cables from damage and to hide unsightly cables from view.

Figure 2.2 trunk

Fissure: It is used to attach cable trunk an AP plate in to the wall.

Figure 2.3 fisher

Rack/cabinet box: Rack/cabinet box is a metal frame chassis that holds, stacks, organizes,
secures and protects various computer network and server hardware devices. A rack is a
metal frame used to hold various hardware devices such as switches, fiber optics patch panel,
cable and other electronic equipment. Network furniture that can be attached vertically,
stacked on top of one another. It is a container that contains router, switch, server and UPS
devices.
Figure 2.4 rack or cabinet box

Access Switch: Switches – Multi-port, high-speed devices that receive data and redirect
them to the correct destination on a local area network (LAN). Information can only go
across a single network using a switch. A switch is a data link layer device. The switch can
perform error checking before forwarding data, which makes it very efficient as it does not
forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to the correct port
only.  Switch is a network device that connects other devices to Ethernet networks
through twisted pair cables. It uses packet switching technique to receive, store and forward
data packets on the network. On receiving a packet, it checks the destination address and
transmits the packet to the correct port. Before forwarding, the packets are checked for
collision and other network errors. The data is transmitted in full duplex mode Switch is a
networking device that records the IP and MAC addresses in a table of all the devices
connected to it. Thus, when a packet is put onto the wire by one device, the switch reads the
destination address information to determine if the destination device is connected to it.The
switch forwards the packet only to the destination device, sparing the other devices
connected to it from having to read and deal with the traffic.

Figure 2.5 access switch

Patch Panels: Patch panels bundle multiple network ports together to connect incoming and
outgoing lines including those for local area networks, electronics, electrical systems and
communications. When patch panels are part of a LAN, they can connect computers to other
computers and to outside lines. A patch panel is a piece of networking hardware used in both
copper and fiber-based networks and contains a set number of ports to connect and manage
both incoming and outgoing Ethernet cables. They allow for a more organized and
manageable cabled network

Figure 2.6 UTP patch panel

Wall outlet: A wall outlet is a type of port or socket that is mounted on the wall. You
connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the wall jack and the other end to a patch panel.

Figure 2.7 Wall outlet

RJ45 Connector: RJ45 is the acronym for Registered Jack 45. RJ45 connector is an 8-pin
jack used by devices to physically connect to Ethernet based local area networks (LANs).
These pins go into the corresponding socket on devices and connect the device to the
network’s way the entire wiring stays within the confined walls.
Figure 2.8 RJ45 Connector

Wire cutter: A wire cutter has the ability to and designed to properly cut either wire or cable
cut a wire leaving it prepared for stripping

Figure 2.9 Wire cutter

A wire stripper: A wire stripper is designed to remove the outer jacket, or insulation, of a
wire.

Figure 2.10 UTP wire striper

Saw: Saw is used to cut cable trunk during installation

Cat keystone jack: Keystone Jacks are an essential networking component; it is a female
connector typically embedded within a patch panel or wall plate, employed to expand and
maintain data communications.
Figure 2.11 Cat6e keystone jack

Crimping tool: crimping tool is the tool used to deform the material and create the
connection. A crimping tool is a device that is used to make cold weld joints between wires
and a connector through deforming one or both of them to hold the other.

Figure 2.12 Crimping tool

Cable tester: The cable tester is used for fast testing of network cable (RJ11, RJ45).
Network cable tester is an electronic device that measures the conductive between two ends
of a cable. It also checks and measures signal for correct wiring.

Figure 2.13 Cable tester

Punch down tool/ puncher: punch down tool, also called a krone tool, is a hand tool used to
connect telecommunications and network wires to a patch panel, punch down block,
keystone module, or surface mount box. The "punch down" part of the name comes from
punching a wire into place using an impact action.

Figure 2.14 Punch down tool/ puncher

Cable Tie: A cable tie (also known as a hose tie, zip tie, or tie wrap) is a type of fastener for
holding items together, primarily electrical cables and wires.

Unshielded twisted pair cables: Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables are widely used in
the computer and telecommunications industry as Ethernet cables and telephone wires.
Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable is the most common networking media. Unshielded
twisted- pair (UTP) consists of four pairs of thin, copper wires covered in color-coded plastic
insulation that are twisted together. The wire pairs are then covered with a plastic outer
jacket. UTP cables are of small diameter and it doesn’t need grounding.

Figure 2.15 Unshielded twisted pair cables

Screw and nuts: Used to attach patch panels, switches and cable managers in to rack or
cabinet box.

Cable management: Cable management both supports and contains cables during
installation, and makes subsequent maintenance or changes to the cable system easier.
Figure 2.16 Cable management

Screw driver: A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, used for turning screws.

Hammer: Used for push fisher and nails to attach trunk in to wall and other thing.
Ladder: Used for climbing up or down during installation
Professional Spirit Level: Measuring Straightness Suitable for measuring the straightness of
walls and layering and surfaces of all types
Fiber optic Cable stripper: - Used to peel off the outer sheath of hybrid cables.
Optical fiber Wire stripper: - Used to peel off the rubber layer and coating layer of hybrid
cables, and only involved in fusion splicing scenarios.

Figure 2.17 Optical fiber Wire stripper

Fiber cleaver:-Used to cut optical fibers.

Figure 2.18 Fiber cleaver

Fiber cleaning paper and alcohol: - Used to clean optical fibers.

Figure 2.19 Fiber cleaning paper and alcohol

Optical fiber splicer (fusion splicer): Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers
end-to-end using heat. Used to fusion splice the optical fiber and pigtail, and only involved in
fusion splicing scenarios.

Figure2.20 Optical fiber splicer

Long measuring tape: - Used to measure dimensions.

Heat shrink tubing: - Used only in fusion splicing scenarios.

Figure2.21 Heat shrink tubing

Tools used during our document preparation

 Printing paper
 Computer for document preparation
 Pen
 Flash memory for remote data storage
Activity performed during internship
Installing Trunk
 Cable Trunking is used to protect cables from damage and to hide unsightly cables
from view.
 Trunking is usually square or rectangular in shape, whilst providing easy access to the
cable when needed via a hinge or slide system.
 Trunking is a cable management system used to neaten installations that contains
wires and/or cables.
 These systems are most often used in larger electrical panels of one sort or another.
Tool used for Trunking

• Saw • Cable tie

• Meter • Pvc trunk
• Fisher • Professional Spirit Level

Procedure to installing trunk

Step1: design the way in which line is comfortable to install trunk up to the place where the
access rack is put on. It is used to save time, wastage of trunk and cable and in order to
arrange the place where the box or outlets are put on
Step2: we can start to install trunk by measuring the straightness of walls and layering and
surfaces of all types using Professional Spirit Level tool
Step 3: align the trunk horizontally and made hole by using drill machine

Figure 2.22 drilling

Step 4: insert the Fisher in to the hole and push it using a tool called hammer
Cable tie also attach in to trunk to attach cable and trunk and it is use at a time of trunk
danger Step: 5 after all Trunking are finish we start to install cable by insert inside trunk and
tie by using cable tie

Figure 2.23 installing cable inside trunk

Step: 6 finally cover it up by using trunk cover

Figure 2.24 covering the cable by using trunk cover

Cable Crimping and arrangement.
How to make an Ethernet cable
Tools Required Cable Crimping and arrangement:
 CAT Cable  Crimper for RJ45
 RJ45 connector  Wire Cutters
  Wire striper  Cable Tester
Procedure to make an Ethernet cable
Step1: Strip the cable back 25m m from the end. 
 Insert the cable into the stripper section of the tool and squeeze it tight.
 Rotate the crimping tool around the cable in a smooth motion to create a clean cut.
 Keep the tool clamped and pull away towards the end of the wire to remove the
sheathing.

Figure 2.25 Striping the cable

Step 2: Untwist and straighten the wires inside of the cable. 
 Inside of the cable we’ll see a bunch of smaller wires twisted together.
 Separate the twisted wires and straighten them easier to sort into the right order.
 Cut off the small plastic wire separator or core so it’s out of the way.

Figure 2.26 Untwist and straighten the wires

Step 3
 Arrange the wires into the right order.
 Use our fingers to put the wires in the correct order
There are two type of color arrangement in making an Ethernet cable. Those are A type
color order and B type color order
  The proper sequence of A type color order is as follows from left to right:
Green/White, Green, Orange/White, Blue, Blue/White, Orange, Brown/White and
Brown.

Figure 2.27 A type UTP cable color arrangement

 The proper sequence of B type color order is as follows from left to right:
Orange/White, Orange, Green/White, Blue, Blue/White, Green, Brown/White, and
Brown.

Figure2.28BtypeUTPcablecolorarrangement

step4: Cut the wires into an even line 13 mm from sheathing. 

 Hold the wires with your thumb and index finger to keep them in order. Then, use the
cutting section of the crimping tool to cut them into an even line.

Figure 2.27 cutting of the wires for crimping

Step 5
 Insert the wires into the RJ-45 connector. 
 Hold the RJ-45 connector so the clip is on the underside and the small metal pins are
 facing up.
 Insert the cable into the connector so that each of the small wires fits into the small
grooves in the connector.
Step 6
 Insert the connector into the crimping part of the tool and squeeze twice.
 Squeeze the handles to crimp the connector and secure the wires.
 The crimping tool pushes small pins in the grooves down onto the wires to hold and
connect them to the RJ-45 connector

Figure 2.28 Squeezing and crimping the UTP cable

Step: 7

 Remove the cable from the tool and check that all of the pins are down.
 Take the connector out of the tool and look at the pins to see that they’re all pushed
down in an even line.
 If any of the pins aren’t pushed down, put the wire back into the crimping tool and
crimp it again.nto t
Step 9: Test our cable if desired.
  If you have a cable testing tool, insert both ends of our finished cable into the tool to
check for a signal.

Figure 2.29 testing the cable

Problem that occurs during Cable Crimping and arrangement

 Inappropriate cable arrangement of the standard (color code).

 Unequally cutting of the UTP cables.
 When cutting of the outer cover of UTP cable damage the inner UTP wires
 When squeezing or crimping the RJ-45 is damaged.
Solution of the above problems
  By using the tester tasting the crimped cable and re-arrange the correct cable
standard or color codes.
 If the cable arrangement is straight through, we must arrange the color code by either
A or B standard in both end. And if the cable arrangement is in cross over we must
arrange the cable one end is in A standard and the other is in B standard or vis-verse.
 By using the tester tasting the crimped cable if the tester reads some parts of color
code and others are not read we solve by re-cutting UTP cable equally and used new
RJ-45. Then we crimp them appropriately.
 When we remove the outer cover of UTP cable damaged inner UTP wire we must re-
cut it wisely.
 When we crimp the RJ-45 and its damage or brake we must use other RJ-45 and
wisely crimp it.
Punch down a Cat6E Keystone Jack Procedure
Tools required to Punch down a Cat6E Keystone Jack
 Cat Ethernet Cable  Wire Stripper
 Cat Keystone Jacks  Keystone Jack Punch down
 Punch down Tool
Procedure to Punch down a CAT Keystone Jack
Step 1: Strip the Jacket
 Position the wire stripper properly on the cable
 Carefully strip off of a jacket approximately one inch from the end of the jacket.
 Before we continue with the next step, check all wires to ensure they are not damaged
as this might ultimately cause a break in the connection.
Step 2: Straighten and Untwist the Pairs

 Completely untwist and straighten out each pair so you have eight separate wires
exposed.
Step 3: Consult the Diagram
Figure 2.30 color arrangement of keystone jack

 The keystone jack will most likely have both T568A and T568B color codes
illustrated on the jack.
 They are very similar, but the most used color code combination is T568B.
 The keystone jack is made up of blades devised for solid cable.
 Lay out the wires separately and align them with the correct color-coded blades.
 Once you have laid out all wires, your keystone jack should resemble the color code
combination on the wiring diagram.
Step 4: Punch down the Wires

Figure 2.31 Punch down the UTP Wires in to keystone jack

 Position the punch down tool over your first wire, in between the blades of the
keystone jack.
 Push down firmly until you hear a slight pop-like sound.
 The wire should now be cut off.
 Continue with the rest of the wires until you have completed the keystone jack.
Step 5: Cover it up and install in to wall outlet and attach it in to box using screw
Figure 2.32 installation of keystone jack in to wall outlet and attach it in to box

Punch down Patch Panel

Patch panels are usually mounted into network racks, either above or below network
switches. They typically use 1U to 2U of rack space; 1U is equivalent to 1.75 inches of
vertical space on the rack Punch down types are available in Cat patch panel. On the front
plate, RJ45 ports (usually 24 ports) are used to directly connect Ethernet copper cable. All
ports are numbered for easy identification. In the rear, it’s patch panel module with color
markings for punching down Ethernet cable. Color coded labels are designed for T568A and
T568B wiring configurations.

Tools used to Punch down a Patch Panel

CAT Cables (Ethernet Cable) Screw Driver

Patch Panels Cable ties
Punch down Tool M6 screw (a metric 6 mm screw)
Cable Strippers Nuts
Procedure to Punch down a Patch Panel
Step 1: Determine the length of the cable(s) needed
Step 2: Strip the cable from the end.
Step 3: Un-twist and straighten the wires completely.
 Cat 6 cable has a center plastic spine that needs to be removed.
 Then cut the spine as close to the cables end as possible.
Step 4: Put Cat Cable into Patch Panel and Sort the wires in the proper pin out configuration
Figure 2. 34 sort or arrange UTP cable color and insert into in patch panel pin
 correctly insert the Cat cable wires into the patch panel you will need to take a close
look at the color code that is printed on the label adhered to the panel.
Step 4: Punching Down by using puncher

Figure 2.35 punching of UTP cable in patch panel

Step: - 5 install the patch panel into rack by using screw

Figure 2.36 installing patch panel

Installing access switch

Step to Installing switch Cabinet- or Rack-Mounting
 When mounting a switch in a cabinet/rack with rack-mounting brackets, ensure that
the rack-mounting brackets are kept in a horizontal line in the mounting holes on the
left and right mounting rails of the cabinet/rack. If the rack-mounting brackets are not
in a horizontal line do not install the switch with force.
 If the is not kept horizontally the switch may be distorted.
Step1: Install mounting ears and Connect the ground cable to the switch.
Fix mounting ears to both sides of the panel with interfaces using M4 screw

Figure 2.37 Install mounting ears of access switch

Step 2: Install four floating nuts on the front mounting rails, two on each side. The switch is 1
U high, so the distance between two floating nuts on one side is 1 U (1U is equivalent to 1.75
inches of vertical space on the rack.) (One mounting hole between them). The floating nuts
on the left and right sides must be on the same horizontal line.

Figure2.38 Install four floating nuts to install switch

Step3: Install the switch in the cabinet or rack.

Figure 2.39 install the switch in the cabinet or rack

  Install guide rails for rear mounting ears on the rear mounting rails Hold the bottom
of the chassis with one hand and fix the front mounting ears onto the front mounting
rails with a screw driver.
 Fix the rear mounting ears onto the guide rails using M6 screw
 Place M6 screws on the two floating nuts at the bottom of front mounting rails.
 Fasten the M6 screws on the front mounting rails to secure the chassis.
Fiber optic cable and fiber cable splicing
Fiber optics, or optical fiber, refers to the technology that transmits information as light
pulses along a glass or plastic fiber. Fiber optic cables are commonly used because of their
advantages over copper cables. Some of those benefits include higher bandwidth and
transmit speeds. Fiber optics is used for long-distance and high-performance data
networking. It is also commonly used in telecommunication services, such as internet,
television and telephones. Fiber optics transmit data in the form of light particles -- or
photons -- that pulse through a fiber optic cable.
Types of fiber optic cables
Multimode fiber and single-mode fiber are the two primary types of fiber optic cable.
Single-mode fiber

Figure 2.40 Single-mode fiber optic cable

Single-mode fiber
In fiber-optic communication, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) is an optical fiber designed
to carry light only directly down the fiber - the transverse mode. Single mode is generally
yellow, with a blue connector, and a longer transmission distance. Single-mode fiber cable
works better for longer distances. Single mode fibers are therefore better at retaining the
fidelity of each light pulse over longer distances than multi-mode fibers. For these reasons,
single-mode fibers can have a higher bandwidth than multi-mode fibers. Equipment for
single mode fiber is more expensive than equipment for multi-mode optical fiber Single-
mode fiber is used for longer distances due to the smaller diameter of the glass fiber core.
Multimode fiber

Figure 2.41Multimode fiber optic cable

The term “multimode” refers to the fact that the light takes multiple paths (modes) through
the glass fiber core, as opposed to “single-Mode” where the light takes single path. Because
the light travels different paths, the longer the cables, the more distortions caused by the
different paths arriving at the receiving end at slightly different times. Multi-mode is
generally orange or grey, with a cream or black connector and a shorter transmission distance
Multimode cables have a larger diameter glass core than single-mode cables and is typically
used for shorter distances and/or lower speeds. Operate from less expensive light sources.
The light sent through multimode cables may be driven by a LED or a laser operating at 850
or 1300nm wavelength

Multimode fiber is used for shorter distances because the larger core opening enables light
signals to bounce and reflect more along the way. The larger diameter permits multiple light
pulses to be sent through the cable at one time, which results in more data transmission. This
also means there is more possibility for signal loss, reduction or interference, however.
Multimode fiber optics typically uses an LED to create the light pulse.

Fiber cable splicing

Material used for splicing fiber optic cable

 Cable stripper  Optical fiber splicer
 Wire stripper  Long measuring tape
 Fiber cleaver  Heat shrink tubing
 Fiber cleaning paper and alcohol
Step fiber optic cable splicing
Fusion splicing
Fusion splicing is more expensive and has a longer life.
The fusion method fuses the fiber cores together with less attenuation. (Insertion loss <
0.1dB).In the fusion splicing process, a specialized fusion splicer machine is used to
precisely align the two fiber ends then the glass ends are “fused” or “welded” together using
an electric arc or some type of heat. This produces a transparent, non-reflective and
continuous connection between the fibers enabling very low loss light transmission
Fusion splicing is a very delicate process. If not properly done, your fibers may not be
properly connected and your signal may suffer.
When performing a fusion splice there are generally five different steps:
procedure :1 Stripping the fiber To start fusing your fibers together, you must remove or strip
the protective Coating around the optical fiber.

Figure 2.42 stripping the fiber optic cable

Procedure 2. Cleaning the fiber after the fiber has been stripped of the coating, it's time to
clean the bare fiber. Using a lint-free wipes will keep the glass free of any contaminations.
Procedure 3. Cleaving the fiber. The cleaver nicks the fiber and pulls or flexes it to cause a
clean break rather then cut the fiber, which makes the end-face flat and perpendicular to the
Axis of the fiber.

Figure 2.43 cleaving the fiber

Procedure 4. Fusing the fiber. After the fibers have been cleaved, fuse them together with
a fusion splicer. First, you must align the ends of the fiber within the splicer. Once
properly aligned, melt the fibers with an electric arc, permanently welding the ends
together.

Figure 2.44 fusing the fiber optic cable

Procedure 5. Protecting the fiber. After the fibers have been successfully fused together,
the bare fiber is protected either by re-applying a coating or by using a splice protector.

Figure 2.45 protecting the fiber by Fiber cleaning paper and alcohol
Procedure 6. Repeat the preceding steps to fusion splice the main optical cable and the other
optical fiber in the pigtail.

Wireless transmission

Wireless transmission is a form of unguided media. Wireless communication involves no

physical link established between two or more devices, communicating wirelessly. Wireless
signals are spread over in the air and are received and interpreted by appropriate antennas.

Installation Wireless transmission

Installing out door Wi-Fi and in door Wi-Fi
Material used for installing outdoor and indoor Wi-Fi
 Phillips screwdriver  RJ45 crimping tool
 Hammer drill  Network cable tester
 Wire stripper  Ladder
 Diagonal pliers
Step to installing indoor Wi-Fi
Indoor APs are usually mounted on a wall or ceiling using sheet metal mounting brackets.
The installation position is determined by the site survey.

Step 1: Fix a mounting bracket to the wall against the wall and mark the drilling positions
through holes of the bracket.

Figure 2.46 mark the drilling positions through holes of the bracket.

Step 2: Use a 6 mm drill bit to drill 35 mm to 40 mm deep holes in the drilling positions.
Hammer the expansion tubes into the holes until the expansion tubes are completely
embedded into the wall
Step 3: Fix the mounting bracket to the wall and use the Phillips screwdriver to fasten three
tapping screws into the expansion tubes.

Figure2.47 fixing a mounting bracket to install wireless access point

Step 4: Connect the cables to AP

Figure 2.48 indoor wireless access point

Step 5: Align the rubber feet of the device over the mounting slots on the mounting bracket
and vertically push the AP to secure it. When the spring clip is popped up, push the AP
downward until it snaps into place (you can hear a click).

Figure 2.49 installing indoor access point

Procedure to installing outdoor Wi-Fi

Outdoor APs can be installed on a wall or pole. The APs must be installed by professional
installation personnel, and the installation position is determined according to the site survey.
Step 1: Fix the wall mounting bracket to the wall, adjust the installation position, and use the
marker to mark the drilling positions where expansion bolts are installed.
Step 2: Use an 8 mm drill bit to drill 45 mm to 50 mm deep holes in the drilling positions and
hammer the expansion bolts into the installation holes until the flat washers are completely
attached to the wall. Then, remove the nut, spring washer, and flat washer in order
Step 3: Hang the wall mounting bracket on the expansion bolts and use a wrench to fast en
the flat washers, spring washers, and nuts in order.

Figure2. 50 hanging the wall mounting bracket for outdoor access point

Step 4: Use four M4x14 hexagon socket head cap screws to fasten the AP mounting bracket
to the AP.

Figure2.51 mounting bracket for the outdoor AP.

Step 5: Remove the topmost screw from the wall mounting bracket, hang the AP mounting
bracket onto the topmost screw, and tighten the screw until the screw passes through the
hole of the horizontal scale plate (the screw should not be too tight).

Figure 2.52 mounting the outdoor AP to wall mounting bracket

Step 6: Loosen the M6 screw in the vertical direction, adjust the horizontal and vertical
angles of the device using the scale plate, and tighten all M6 and M8 screws.

Figure 2.53 outdoor wireless access point

An over view of DebreTabor University ICT directorate data center

Figure 2.54 an over view of DebreTabor University ICT directorate data center
 CHAPTER THREE:
The overall benefit we gain from the internship
An internship is a period of work experience offered by an employer to give students and
graduates exposure to the working environment, often within a specific industry, which
relates to their field of study.
Internship is the beginning of the road that will take us to the point we want to be at after our
Graduation. Internship is a practice we need to perform, because it prepares us for the
business life that we aim at.
There were lots of benefits that we have gained from our internship program since it was our
first practical experience everything there was new and important to us. We mentioned the
benefits in terms of:
 improving our practical skills
 upgrading our theoretical knowledge
 Interpersonal communication
 improving our team playing skills
 improving our leadership skills
 Understanding about work ethics issues, company psychology and related
issues.
 Entrepreneurship skills
In terms of improving our practical skills
In this internship program we learn practical knowledge like:

 We have gained practical knowledge of how to crimp cables and connect the computer
peripherals.
 We have gained practical knowledge troubleshooting the problem and to maintain the
network problem in the system.
 we have gained practical knowledge how typing and printing documents
 We have gained practical knowledge how to install indoor and outdoor wireless network
In terms of upgrading our theoretical knowledge.
This internship help me to enrich my theoretical knowledge gained from my course teacher
into practically skill .the practice helped me in reinforcing the theoretical knowledge we
already had and gathered during lecture from different teachers and courses.

In terms of Interpersonal communication

Now days it is the most essential equipment to communicate with other persons not only in
language but in personal attitudes; interpersonal skill is the most crucial and basic issue for
human beings. The time of internship is the most power to develop our interpersonal skill for
us. Individuals often learn different things from colleagues (team) through communication.

 Improve relationships with others

 To express and share ideas clearly
We improve some skills like:
 handling differences
 Tolerance
 We know how to communicate with others by making our ideas more understandable
and without underestimating other ideas.
 Listening skills
 Speaking ability
In terms of improving our team playing skills
During our stay, we were working with different individuals that were engaged in the field
and learned the following skills and experiences from the team work.
 Treating others in a respective and supportive manner
 Sharing ideas openly & willingly
 Resolving idea difference and conflicts
 Respecting the ideas of others
 Decision making after watching different opportunities or ideas of group members.
In terms of improving our leadership skills
Leadership skill are the tool behavior and capabilities that a person need in order to be
successful at motivating and directing others. I gained leadership skill from my supervisor
during the internship period which includes managing time, motivating individuals during the
internship program I saw how the supervisor monitors the employees and as well as other
team leaders. It is the portion of the work that acquires managing skill in different aspects
such as managing work flow and assigning the team leaders to their respective tasks. The
leadership skill would coordinate the works to be done in scheduled manner. One who has a
leadership skill would have confidence, effective communication and devotion.
Thus the following are some of the leadership skill we attained that a good leader should to
experience:

 impartiality
 Transparency and openness
 Accountability
 Seeks optimal solution to problems
 Respect others experience and ability
 Control the learning experience
 Hold the individual’s interest
 Being a model for others
In terms of understanding about work ethics issues and related issues.
We improve our work ethics and related issues.
Punctuality and effective time management
Responsibility and accountability to a given task
Respecting and friendship building with work partners
Being trust worthy and restrain from cheating, corruption and bias
In terms of entrepreneurship skills
During our internship time many a time, we are expected to come up with new project
ideas, conduct analysis and plan their execution thus helping us inculcate creativity,
critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. It is initiating, doing, achieving and
building an enterprise or organization rather than just watching, analyzing or
describing one.
Finally it is the willingness to take calculated risk both in personal and financial and then
to do everything possible to get the odds in your favor.

Challenge we have faced during our internship time

Some of the challenges we have faced while performing our work tasks are:-
 Lack of transportation system in the morning.
 The company do not start the internship period in the first week of July
  Weak responsibility of the employees to the internship student,
 Lack of university advisor
 Lack of dormitory service

WE HAVE TAKEN TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES

To make our internship time suitable and smart we have tried to find a solution for the above
mentioned challenges.
 As one of the goals of internship program is to make students solution maker about
problems that exist around different company we have taken the following measures
 Getting ready early to get transport

Chapter four
Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
We have benefited a lot in the field attachment in a way that we managed to apply the
theoretical knowledge from the university into practice through many activity
/tasks/assignment. we have improved the skill like interpersonal, listening, presentation
skill, acting friendly around people, typing skill, accounting, recording, conflict
resolution, organizational skill to mention but few. We have learned many lessons which
include how to create an account system how the working environment runs etc.
We have got different ideas from employs at the organization and also interacting with
other intern from various universities and this contributes a lot on the knowledge
Generally this internship program has played garret role in providing an opportunity to an
out of class room learning experience to relate the theoretical knowledge with the
practical work.