Module 3
Module 3
A clearer idea of Bonifacio‟s Katagalugan The results of the first Philippine national
government emerged in the late 1890s, when elections was reiterated by Jose M. del Castillo
letters and other important documents signed by The August 1896 transformation of the
Bonifacio became accessible. Katipunan into a revolutionary government
Three letters and one appointment paper written by and Bonifacio‟s elections to presidency was
Bonifacio on printed letterheads dated from March confirmed by Pio Valenzuela
8- April 24, 1897 and all addressed to Emilio
Jacinto, prove that Bonifacio was the first president
of a national government. These letters contain the KATIPUNAN DEMOCRACY
following titles and designations:
President of the Supreme Council Bonifacio set in place mechanicisms for popular
participation from the national to the local levels.
The Supreme President The government established by the Katipunan was
run by concensus.
The President of the Sovereign Nation Founder
of the Katipunan, Initiator of the Revolution Kataastaasang Kapulungan
Kataastaasang Sangunian
Office of the Supreme President, Government of Sanguniang Bayan
the Revolution
Although Japan was not at war in 1896, she looked Filipinos should recognize Andres Bonifacio not
at her Asian neighbours with a keen expansionary only the founder of the Katipunan and leader of the
eye. Around the middle of May 1896, the Japanese revolution of 1896, but as the first Filipino president:
cruiser Kongo visited Manila. the father of the nation and founder of our
democracy.
Bonifacio and some Katipunan members
immediately sought a meeting with Japanese Source: Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel
Admiral Kanimura, while Jacinto drafted a message Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas. “Andres
addressed to the Emperor of Japan. It read: Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution”, Sulyap Kultura
Acts of rebellion and disturbance public peace ANG DISKURSO NG KAISIPAN AT LAYUNIN NG
demand a most severe and exemplary Punishment KATIPUNAN
Unti-unting nakita ng mga Pilipino na ang Sa puntong ito, tinangka ng Kalayaan na lumisan.
pormasyong kolonyal, na nakasandig sa Subalit nagsumamo ang kabataan na pangalagaan
soberanyang monastiko, ay sistemang niya ito. Huminto ang Kalayaan at nagwika sa
ipinagdiriwang ang kapangyarihan at yaman sa kanya:
pamamagitan ng pagsasamantala sa paggawa,
paggugol ng buhay at pagsupil sa kalayaan ng “Walang taong karapat-dapat sa aking
mayorya upang mabuhay ng maalwan ang iilang pangangalaga at pagtataguyod na di mairugin sa
namamayani sa halaga ng dangal ng mga Pilipino. akin at di ako minamahal, at di magbubuwis ng
buhay para sa aking layon. Ipahayag mo ito sa
iyong mga kababayan.” Bagong Komunidad (pambansa at Pilipino ang
karakter)
Naglaho ang Kalayaan.
Ang pamamayani ng diskurso ng ehemonyang
Pagbukang-liwayway, lumantad sa mga mata ng Espanyol ay nakasandig sa kanyang
kabataan ang tila nagbabagang bagay: Ang kapangyarihang pang-estado, istrukturang pang-
mabalasik at apokaliptikal na Katipunan. ekonomiya at institusyong panrelihiyon. Ginawang
pwersang material ang kulturang monastiko sa
pagmamantini ng reproduksyon ng pormasyong
panlipunang kolonyal. Itinuro ng mga prayle na
Di kasindali ng alegoryang ito ang pagsilang ng walang hangganan ang di pantay na relasyong ito
Katipunan, na susi sa mga katangian ng dahil atas ng Langit. Ngunit lumabas na kataliwas
Rebolusyon at pagtatatag ng bangsang Pilipino. ito ng katotohanan dahil unti-unting nakita ng mga
nasasakupan na walang permanente sa daigdig,
I.Bansang Pilipino: Konsepto at Realisasyon kasama na ang pormasyong kolonyal at ang
Konsepto ng Bansa: ehemonya ng may hawak nito. Ang ehemonyal
monarkikal-monastiko ay buhay na sistema ng mga
*kamalayan ng sariling identidad kahulugan at pagpapahalaga na binuo ng
*malinaw na teritoryo namamayaning relasyon ng kapangyarihan. Di
*nagkakaisang kasaysayan basta pasibong porma ng pangingibabaw ang
*magkahawig na kultura ehemonya sapagkat upang manatili ay kailangan
nito ang patuloy na pagbabago, reproduksyon at
Ang bansang ito, na pinangarap nina Bonifacio ay pagtatanggol.
di komunidad na larawang-diwa lamang kundi
isang katunayang sumibol sa lumalawak na Subalit sa mga huling dekada ng ika-19 na dantaon,
pambansang integrasyon ng produksyon, kalakal, sa pag-unlad ng pagkakahati ng paggawa sa
komersyo at pamilihang panloob at panlabas. daigdig at sa Pilipinas, ng relasyon ng mga
Umusbong ang konsepto ng bansa bilang tugon kolonisador sa bawat isa sa loob ng kanilang
dito ng mga palaisip; nagkaroon sila ng kamalayan kampo, at ng relasyon ng mga kolonisador sa
ng sariling identidad nang sumibol ang damdamin kanilang mga kolonisado, ay unti-unting namulat
ng lomunidad sanhi ng lahi, malinaw na teritoryo, ang mga Pilipino sa pangangailangang dapat was
nagkakaisang kasaysayan at magkakahawig na akin ang gayong di-pantay na relasyon at bumuo
kultura. ng isang bagong pormasyong panlipunan sa
pamamagitan ng ibang kaparaanan. Nang di na
nila mabata ang paghahari ng kasamaan nito “sa
Sa pagdaraan ng panahon, nalirip na bahagi sila loob at labas ng bayan kong sawi”, at makita ang
ng isang malaking kabuuan, ang bansa, habang maaaring ipamalit dito, nagkampanya ang mga
ang bansang ito ay unti-unting naging bahagi rin ng repormista sa Espanya upang magkaroon ng higit
pang-araw-araw nilang pamumuhay. na mahusay na alternatibo para sa mga
mamamayang Pilipino. Ang kilusang ito‟y nagluwal,
Ito‟y di bunga nang biglaang silakbo ng pag-iisip mula sa sinapupunan ng namamayaning
kundi isang mahabang proseso ng pag-unlad – ng pormasyong panlipunan, ng bagong kontra-
pagbabago ng nabago ng mga Kastila sa loob ng ehemonya.
300 taon.
Ang mga ideyal ng Rebolusyong Pranses tungkol
sa Kalayaan-Pagkakapantay-pantay-at-
Pagkakapatiran ay ibinandila ng organong
repormista, ang La Solidaridad, sa paghingi nila ng
A. Isinilang ng Reporma ang La Liga mga pagbabago sa pamahalaang Espanyol. Ang
Filipina pinakamataas na
katangian ng tao, paggawa, lipunan at bayan, rebolusyong internal – upang ang mga alipin
edukasyon at kultura, pinuno at pamahalaan at ngayon ay huwag maging pinunong malulupit sa
kalayaan. kinabukasan.” – J.P. Rizal
“Ang lahat ng tawo‟y magkakapantay sapagkat “Ang kagalingan at kaginhawaan ay siyang dapat
iisa ang pagkatawo ng lahat.” tunguhin ng lahat ng gawa at kautusan ng mga
pinuno…” – E. Jacinto
“ang lahat ng tawo ay magkakapatid.”
“Ang mga Pinuno ay hindi panginoon ng Bayan”
Ang lahat ng pinakikinabangan, ang balang Ang buwis o ambag ng Bayan ay sa tangi at
ikinabubuhay at ikinaiiba sa hayup ay lubos na kapakinabangan ng lahat dapat gamitin
Ano ang paraan para matubos ang kalayaan ng 3.Ykintal sa puso ang pag asa na malabis na
Bayan? kapurihan at kapalaran na kung ikamamatay
Mag-aral, magbago, sumapi sa Katipunan, mag- ng tawoy mag bubuhat sa pagliligtas sa kaalipinan
organisa, palaganapin ang mapaghimasik na ng bayan.
layunin at paghandaan ang pag-aalsa
4.Sa kalamigan ng loob, katiagaan, katuiran at pag
“Ang kamatayan sa gitna ng digma, sa asa sa ano mang gagawin nagbubuhat ang
pagtatanggol ng kalayaan ng ating Bayan ay ikagaganap ng mabuting ninanais.
kapurihang maipamana sa ating Bayan, Lahi at sa
ating Angkan” 5.Paingat ingatang gaya ng puri ang mga bilin at
balak ng K... K... K....
3.Engrave on the heart the conviction that to die for 5.Ang may mataas na kalooban, inuuna ang
the liberation of the country from enslavement is (dangal o) puri kaysa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may
the highest honor and fortune. hamak na kalooban, inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili
sa puri.
4.In any endeavor, the realization of good
aspirations depends on calmness, perseverance, 6.Sa taong may hiya, salita'y panunumpa.
reason and hope.
7.Huwag mong sayangin ang panahon; ang
5.Guard the instructions and plans of the K... K... yamang nawala'y mangyayaring magbalik; ngunit
K... as you would guard your own honor. panahong nagdaan nay di na muli pang
magdadaan.
6.Anyone who falls into danger whilst carrying out
their duties should be supported by all, and 8.Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi; kabakahin (labanan)
rescued even at the cost of life and riches. ang umaapi.
7.Let each of us strive in the performance of our 9.Ang taong matalino'y ang may pag-iingat sa
duty to set a good example for others to bawat sasabihin; matutong ipaglihim ang dapat
ipaglihim.
follow.
10.Sa daang matinik ng buhay, lalaki ang siyang
8.Share whatever you can with whoever is needy. patnugot ng asawa at mga anak; kung ang
umaakay ay tungo sa sama, patutunguhan ng
9.Diligence in earning a livelihood is a true inaakay ay kasamaan din. (Ang simula nito ay
expression of love and affection for self, spouse, obserbasyon sa ugnayan ng babae at lalaki sa
children and brothers or compatriots. panahon ng Katipunan; para sa kasalukuyan,
iminumungkahing ipalit ang sumusunod: "Sa daang
10.Believe absolutely that scoundrels and traitors matinik ng buhay, ang mga magulang ang patnugot
will be punished and good deeds will be rewarded. ng mag-anak; kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa
Believe, likewise, that the aims of the K... K... K... sama, and patutunguhan ng inaakay ay kasamaan
are blessed by the Creator, for the will of the din.)
people is also His will.
11.Ang babae ay huwag mong tingnang isang
bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isnag katuwang
at karamay (ng lalaki) sa mga kahirapan nitong 8.Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
buhay; gamitin mo nang buong pagpipitagan ang
kanyang (pisikal na) kahinaan, alalahanin ang 9.The wise man is careful in all he has to say and
inang pinagbuhatan at nag-iwi sa iyong is discreet about things that need to be kept secret.
kasanggulan.
10.In the thorny path of life, the man leads the way
and his wife and children follow. If the leader goes
12.Ang di mo ibig gawin sa asawa mo, anak at the way of perdition, so do the followers.
kapatid, ay huwag mong gagawin sa asawa, anak
at kapatid ng iba. 11.Never regard a woman as an object for you to
trifle with; rather you should consider her as a
13.Ang kamahalan ng tao'y wala sa pagkahari, partner and helpmate. Give proper considerations
wala sa tangos ng ilong at puti ng mukha, wala sa to a woman's frailty and never forget that your own
pagkaparing kahalili ng Diyos, wala sa mataas na mother, who brought you forth and nurtured you
kalagayan sa balat ng lupa: wagas at tunay na from infancy, is herself such a person.
mahal na tao, kahit laking gubat at walang
nababatid kundi sariling wika, yaong may 12.Don't do to the wife, children and brothers and
magandang asal, may isang pangungusap, may sisters of others what you do not want done to your
dangal at puri, yaong di nagpaaapi't di nakikiapi; wife, children and brothers and sisters.
yaong marunong magdam-dam at marunong
lumingap sa bayang tinubuan. 13.A (person's) worth is not measured by his/her
station in life, neither by the height of his nose nor
14.Paglaganap ng mga aral na ito, at maningning the fairness of skin, and certainly not by whether he
na sisikat ang araw ng mahal na kalayaan dito sa is a priest claiming to be God's deputy. Even if he
kaaba-abang Sangkapuluan at sabungan ng is a tribesman/tribeswoman from the hills and
matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang speaks only his/her own tongue, a (person) is
magkakalahi't magkakapatid, ng liwanag ng walang honorable if he/she possesses a good character, is
katapusan, ang mga ginugol na buhay, pagod, at true to his/her word, has fine perceptions and is
mga tiniis na kahirapa'y labis nang matutumbasan. loyal to his/her native land.
complemented each other, although they identified Bonifacio Day and Rizal Day are separated by
themselves with the use of apparently divergent barely a month, and yet no two days in Philippine
means. There was, to be sure, a difference in view hisotry could be more apt, more distinct from each
asto the future of the Philippines, but this difference other in ideological content and significance.
was dictated by the difference in their character
and in their basic orientation.
The difference has not been sufficiently
All this may sound paradoxical, even contradictory. appreciated by a vast majority of the Filipinos, but
But not when it is considered that in the Philippine by celebrating the birth of the revolutionist and the
revolution, as well as in all the classic revolutions death of the reformer, they display something like
which have shaped human institutions, there was fortuitous wisdom which does them more credit
always a division of labor instinctively arrived at. than they usually deserve.
Rizal and his group in the Propaganda Movement A number of them who feel the tragedy of being
were the men who laid down the theoretical grooved have realized the terrible blunder of
foundations, the justifications and the morality of acceding to the systematic propaganda of
the Filipino grievance against Spain. It was they relegating Andres Bonifacio to the status of a
who, by the power of the written word or by the second-class hero. And some of them, with a
urgency of vocal appeal, opened the eyes of their prescience that comes along with time, are
countrymen to their own plight and who inspired beginning to understand the meaning of the fact
them to aspire for dignity. Rizal then was that when Rizal was hard at work laying the
essentially a man of thought. He was the foundation of La Liga Filipina and preaching the
encyclopedist, the pamphleteer, the philosopher, notion that the Philippines should not separate from
the poet who wrote and sang of love of country. He Spain and that the Filipino should be contented
was the theorist, immersed in thought and with reforms, Bonifacio was organizing a secret
rendered incapable of action, not only by the society aimed at the overthrow of Spanish
corrosive effects of "thinking too precisely on the domination.
events," but also by his implacably safe and
middle-class background. While the intellectual middle class awaited
confidently the reforms asked for and promised,"
But after he has achieved his assigned task --after, Teodoro M. Kalaw, one of the nation's real
in other words, the man of thought had reached the historians, wrote 28 years ago in the Philippine free
end of the tether -- the man of action had to take Fress, "Bonifacio, with the instinct and discernment
over and give reality to what had been said and of the masses, had already lost faith in Spain, and
discussed before. while many of his countrymen were satisfied to
lead a life of ease in the Oriental fashion, without
giving a thought to their position as slaves or to the
The man of action in Philippine history was Andres future of their country, he prepared the masses for
Bonifacio. here was a man who could not boast of a moral revolution by describing to them their sad
the profundity of learning and of the eloquence of plight and speaking to them of a new day which, he
the men of the propaganda Movement. But here, said, would come only through union, discipline
also, was a man who had been endowed with the and sacrifice."
gift of action.
But the tremedous truth in these phrases and
clauses have fallen on the ears of Filipinos who
have been subjected from birth to senility to the
propaganda about the greatness, courage and
wisodm of Rizal.