This document provides an overview of descriptive statistics concepts and calculations. It discusses presenting and summarizing both qualitative and quantitative data through various graphs and numerical measures. These include measures of central tendency like mean, median, and mode. It also discusses measures of variation and dispersion such as range, standard deviation, and interquartile range. Additional topics covered include skewness, z-scores, covariance, correlation, and rank correlation. Examples of calculations for these various descriptive statistics are provided.
This document provides an overview of descriptive statistics concepts and calculations. It discusses presenting and summarizing both qualitative and quantitative data through various graphs and numerical measures. These include measures of central tendency like mean, median, and mode. It also discusses measures of variation and dispersion such as range, standard deviation, and interquartile range. Additional topics covered include skewness, z-scores, covariance, correlation, and rank correlation. Examples of calculations for these various descriptive statistics are provided.
This document provides an overview of descriptive statistics concepts and calculations. It discusses presenting and summarizing both qualitative and quantitative data through various graphs and numerical measures. These include measures of central tendency like mean, median, and mode. It also discusses measures of variation and dispersion such as range, standard deviation, and interquartile range. Additional topics covered include skewness, z-scores, covariance, correlation, and rank correlation. Examples of calculations for these various descriptive statistics are provided.
This document provides an overview of descriptive statistics concepts and calculations. It discusses presenting and summarizing both qualitative and quantitative data through various graphs and numerical measures. These include measures of central tendency like mean, median, and mode. It also discusses measures of variation and dispersion such as range, standard deviation, and interquartile range. Additional topics covered include skewness, z-scores, covariance, correlation, and rank correlation. Examples of calculations for these various descriptive statistics are provided.
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Chapter -1
Introduction- definition, application/scope, limitations : Data sets, elements,
variables, observations- scale of measurements ( ordinal, nominal, interval and ratio)- data type- qualitative, quantitative, cross sectional and time series data- types of statistics : Descriptive and inference statistics. Source of data – primary and secondary; Software packages: SPSS, MINITAB, R, SAS, MATLAB…
Chapter -2 Descriptive statistics : presentation of data Summarizing qualitative data :
- Frequency distribution - Relative frequency and percent frequency distributions o Bar chart and pie charts
Summarizing quantitative data :
- Frequency distribution o Class interval, mid point, inclusive, exclusive, open class interval, class limits, width of the classes, cumulative distributions- LCF, MCF - Relative frequency and % frequency distributions o Dot plot , histogram, ogive,
EDA
Stem and leaf display
Cross tabulations and scatter diagram
CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS : NUMERICAL MEASURES: 1. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCIES
MEAN, MEDIAN, PERCENTILES, QUARTILES AND MODE; Weighted mean,
combined mean Calculate mean, median, quartiles and mode for the following data:
3. Age : 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90
Freq: 3 61 132 153 140 51 2
4. The mean height of 25 male workers in a factory is 61 cm. And the mean height of 35 female workers in a factory is 58cm. Find the combined mean height of 60 workers in a factory.
5. The mean yearly salary of employees of a company was Rs.24,000. The mean yearly salaries of male and female employees were Rs. 25,000 and Rs. 19,000 respectively. Find out the %of males and females employed by the company.
6. Mode empirically
Mean = 41.5; Median = 40
Mode = 80; mean = 68 find median
MEASURES OF VARIATION ( DISPERSION/SPREAD)
1. A bowler’s scores for six games were 182, 168, 184, 190, 170 and 174. Using these data as a sample, compute the following descriptive statistics: a. Range b. standard deviation c. Variance d. coefficient of variation e. IQR
2. Find the IQR and its coefficient of dispersion for the following data. Class Frequency 0-5 3 5-10 5 10-15 8 15-20 12 20-25 34 25-30 46 30-35 28 35-40 14 40-45 10
3. A: 32 28 47 63 71 39 10 60 96 14 B: 19 31 48 53 67 90 10 62 40 80 Who is more consistent?
4. An analysis of the monthly wages gives the following result.
Firm A Firm B No.of workers 500 600 Avg. Monthly wages 186 175 Variance of the distribution 81 100 (i) Which firm has a larger wage bill? (ii) In which (A or B) is there a greater variability in individual wages. (iii) Combined standard deviation
Measures of distribution shape, relative location and detecting outliers.
Definition; types of correlation; interpretation of value of r, method of measuring
correlation – coefficient of determination, probable error and standard error.
A measure of relationship between two variables that is not affected by the units of measurement for x and y.
PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT : sample data
S xy r xy = SxSy
X: 1 3 5 8 9 10 Y: 3 4 8 10 12 11
X: 10 12 13 16 17 20 25 Y: 19 22 26 27 29 33 37
ABC departmental Store gives in-service training to its salesmen which are followed by a test. It is considering whether it should terminate the services of any salesman who does not do well in the test. The following table gives the test scores and sales made by nine salesmen during a certain period: Test Score : 14 19 24 21 26 22 15 20 19 Sales : 31 36 48 37 50 45 33 41 39 Calculate the coefficient of correlation between the test scores and the sales. Does it indicate that the termination of services of low test scores is justified?
