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Module 1 Displacement Analysis-1

The document describes displacement analysis of linkages and mechanisms. It defines key terms like machine, mechanism, link, and four-bar linkage. It then provides examples of different types of motion in a four-bar linkage based on the relative lengths of the cranks and connecting rod. The document concludes by presenting three problems, providing sketches of the mechanisms, and asking the reader to trace the displacement paths of specific points in each mechanism.

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Nobody013
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200 views

Module 1 Displacement Analysis-1

The document describes displacement analysis of linkages and mechanisms. It defines key terms like machine, mechanism, link, and four-bar linkage. It then provides examples of different types of motion in a four-bar linkage based on the relative lengths of the cranks and connecting rod. The document concludes by presenting three problems, providing sketches of the mechanisms, and asking the reader to trace the displacement paths of specific points in each mechanism.

Uploaded by

Nobody013
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine Elements – Displacement Analysis

General Rule of Being a Machine Designer


A designer of a machine or machine parts should possess good knowledge
of the science of mechanisms. The science of mechanics deals with the laws that
govern the relative and absolute motion of the machine parts.

Concept of Designing Machines


1. Pure Mechanism or Kinematics of Machines
- Treats of the motion and forms of the parts of a machine, and the manner
of supporting and guiding them, independent of their strength.
2. Constructive Mechanism or Machine Design
- Involves calculation of the forces acting on different parts of the machine,
the selection of materials on basis of strength, durability, and other
physical properties in order to withstand these forces, the convenience for
repairs and facilities for manufacture also being taken into consideration.
Note: It should be noted that pure mechanism or motion of the parts of a
machine is independent of the strength and dimensions of each part of the
machine. Therefore, one should study first the nature of movements of every part
in a machine before he pursues to study the design of a machine.

Important Terminologies in Machine Elements


Machine – combination of resistant bodies so arranged that by their means of
mechanical forces of nature can be compelled to produce some effect or
work accompanied with certain determinate motions.
Structure – combination of resistant bodies capable of transmitting forces or
carrying loads but having no relative motions between parts.
Mechanism – combination of rigid bodies so arranged that the motion of one
compels the motion of the others. Thus, a machine is a series or train of
mechanisms but no mechanism is necessarily a machine.
Link – defined as a rigid piece of a non-elastic piece substance which serves to
transmit force from one piece to another to cause or control motion.
Linkage – consist of number of pairs of elements connected by links.

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista Page 1|7


Machine Elements – Displacement Analysis

Four Bar Linkage


- Assembly of two cranks connected by a rod or floating link so that one
crank may not do the driver and the other crank or the follower. Rigid
crank is free to rotate or oscillate about a fixed axis of rotation. The rod
connected to the two cranks will receive its motion from the driving crank
and in turn imparts its motion to the driven crank. The straight line that
connects the two-axis rotation is known as line of centers.

Parts of a Four Bar Linkage


𝐵𝐵

A 3
4

2
1
Q2 Q4

𝑸𝑸𝟐𝟐 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2


𝑸𝑸𝟒𝟒 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 4
𝑸𝑸𝟐𝟐 𝑸𝑸𝟒𝟒 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑸𝑸𝟐𝟐 𝑨𝑨 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2
𝑸𝑸𝟒𝟒 𝑩𝑩 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 4
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟, 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista Page 2|7


Machine Elements – Displacement Analysis

Motion of Kinematic Links


1. Rotation – the follower will complete one rotation as the driver turns one
rotation. This motion is possible when the crank 𝑄𝑄2 𝐴𝐴 equals in length of
crank 𝑄𝑄4 𝐵𝐵.

A 3 𝐵𝐵

2 4
1
Q2 Q4

2. Oscillation – the follower will oscillate at a definite angle as the driver


completes one rotation. The motion is possible when crank 𝑄𝑄2 𝐴𝐴 is shorter
in length than crank 𝑄𝑄4 𝐵𝐵. Crank 2 is rotating while crank 4 is oscillating.

𝐵𝐵
A
3
4
2
1
Q2 Q4

3. Sliding – the follower will slide with a definite path as the driver completes
one rotation.

2 3
1 𝐵𝐵
Q2 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝ℎ

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista Page 3|7


Machine Elements – Displacement Analysis

4. Sliding and Rotation – the coincident point 𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵 slides along crank
and at the same time rotation about center 𝑄𝑄2 as the driver 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 makes
a complete rotation about center 𝑄𝑄2 . Point 𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵 is the coincident on
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 3 which is rotating about 𝑄𝑄4 when sliding along 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 4.

2 4

1
Q2 Q4

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista Page 4|7


Machine Elements – Displacement Analysis

Plate Number 1. Displacement Analysis


Problem 1. 𝑄𝑄2 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝑄𝑄4 is a four-bar linkage. 𝑄𝑄2 and 𝑄𝑄4 are fixed center on a
horizontal line 10 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 apart. 𝑄𝑄2 𝐵𝐵 is a link 5 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long oscillating about 𝑄𝑄2 . 𝑄𝑄4 𝐶𝐶 is a
crank 2.5 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long which rotates about 𝑄𝑄4 . 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 is a connecting rod 11.5 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long. 𝑄𝑄2
is to left of 𝑄𝑄4 . A link 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸, 6 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long, is pinned to 𝑄𝑄2 𝐵𝐵 at 𝐸𝐸, 1.5 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 from 𝐵𝐵. Another
link, 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺, 3.5 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long is pinned to link 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵, 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 from 𝐶𝐶. These links 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 and 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺, are
pinned together at 𝐹𝐹 in their upper position.
Trace the path of the points for each 15𝑜𝑜 position of 𝑄𝑄4 𝐶𝐶 and any other
necessary in order to secure a smooth curve.

Mechanism Sketch:

𝐹𝐹

𝐵𝐵

𝐸𝐸 𝐶𝐶
𝐺𝐺

𝑄𝑄2 𝑄𝑄4

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista Page 5|7


Machine Elements – Displacement Analysis

Problem 2. A sliding block 𝐶𝐶 moves along a horizontal line 𝑄𝑄2 𝐶𝐶. A rotating arm
𝑄𝑄2 𝐵𝐵 is 4 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long and rotates around a center 𝑄𝑄2 . The connecting rod 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 is 8 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
long. This rod is extended to 𝐷𝐷, making 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 11 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 9 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long.
Make a drawing of this linkage and trace the path for each 15𝑜𝑜 movement
of the arm 𝑄𝑄2 𝐵𝐵, beginning with 𝑄𝑄2 𝐵𝐵, coinciding with 𝑄𝑄2 𝐶𝐶.

Mechanism Sketch:

𝐵𝐵

𝐶𝐶

𝑄𝑄2

𝐷𝐷

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista Page 6|7


Machine Elements – Displacement Analysis

Problem 3. 𝑄𝑄2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑄𝑄4 is a four-bar linkage. The fixed centers 𝑄𝑄2 and 𝑄𝑄4 lie
horizontally and 𝑄𝑄2 is 10 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 to the left of 𝑄𝑄4 . A crank 𝑄𝑄4 𝐵𝐵 3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long rotates about
𝑄𝑄4 . A crank 𝑄𝑄2 𝐴𝐴 6 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long oscillates above its fixed center 𝑄𝑄2 . 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 is a connecting
rod 12 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long. A link 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 8 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long is pinned to the midpoint of 𝑄𝑄2 𝐴𝐴 at 𝐶𝐶. A link 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸,
3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 long is pinned at 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 from 𝐵𝐵 at 𝐸𝐸. The link 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 and 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 are connected at 𝐷𝐷
in a position below connecting rod 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴. 𝐹𝐹 is a point on the link 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸, 2 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 from 𝐸𝐸.
Trace the path of the points 𝐸𝐸 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐹𝐹 as 𝑄𝑄4 𝐵𝐵 makes
1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟. Locate points for each 15𝑜𝑜 position of 𝑄𝑄2 𝐵𝐵 and any other
position necessary to plot an accurate curve.

Mechanism Sketch:

𝐴𝐴

𝐸𝐸

𝐵𝐵

𝐶𝐶

𝐹𝐹

𝐷𝐷

𝑄𝑄2 𝑄𝑄4

Engr. Basil Aloysius P. Bautista Page 7|7

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