Practice Exam for Statistical Process Control

1. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are True:
• The X-bar chart often has a lower control limit of zero.
• The I-MR chart is the only control chart that can be used with both discrete and variable data.
• Approximately half of the data points on a control chart should be above the centerline
• The p chart and NP chart are created based on the binomial distribution as they trend defective items.

2. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are False:
• Prior to determining if a process is in control, you must first confirm that the process is capable of meeting
specification.
• Control charts are robust enough that data can be re-arranged on the X-axis and will still detect when a
process is out of statistical control.
• Unlike other control charts, pre-control charts are not statistically based.
• Attribute control charts are less sensitive than variable control charts to changes in your process

3. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are True:
• A control chart is constructed based on acceptance sampling requirements
• If a process is in statistical control it will never produce a unit outside of the control limits.
• The key concept of rational subgrouping is that the variability within a sample should be minimized
resulting in a homogenous sample.
• Variable control charts work in pairs. One controls for the central tendency of the process while the other
controls for the variation within the process

4. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are False:
• For a process to be stable over time, the process capability must be greater than 1.0
• The average sample standard deviation (s-bar) is an unbiased estimate of the population standard
deviation
• The primary benefit of a control is to help you identify when your process is being influenced by special
causes of variation.
• The I-MR chart is the only control chart that can be used with non-normal data

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 1 of 27

5. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are True:
• One of the benefits of a pre-control chart is that it provides information on how to bring a process back
into statistical control.
• A unit can be defective, but cannot have multiple defects
• Control limits create the boundaries between common cause variation and special cause variation.
• The control limits on a control chart mimic the 5% alpha risk of a hypothesis test thus the control limits are
2σ from the mean to capture 95% of the process variation.

6. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are False:
• The primary objective of SPC is to remove all defective units from a production lot prior to shipment to the
customer.
• Having data outside the control limits is the only criteria to confirm that a process is out of statistical
control.
• A defective unit can have multiple defects
• The X-bar and R chart should be used for attribute data whose sample size is between 2 – 9.

7. What tool below is best suited to help identify special cause variation within your process:
• Pareto Chart
• Gantt Chart
• Control Chart
• Flow Diagram
• Scatter Diagram

8. A control chart showed a data point outside the control limit however no action was taken - what is this an
example of:
• Common cause variation
• special cause variation
• The re-sampling fallacy
• Under Adjustment
• Over Adjustment

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 2 of 27

9. Which Quality Guru is often credited with introducing the first control chart
• W. Edwards Deming
• Walter Shewhart
• Joseph M. Juran
• Kaoru Ishikawa

10. Which probability distribution is used to construct the c-chart:

• The Normal Distribution
• The Exponential Distribution
• The Poisson Distribution
• The Binomial Distribution

11. What type of variation occurs when a process is in control:

• Variable
• Attribute
• Common Casue
• Special Cause
• None of the above

12. Fill in the blank: A _______________ is defined as a collection of units that are all produced under the same
conditions.
• Rational Subgroup
• Proper Sample Size
• Heterogenous Sample
• Acceptance Sample
• Discrete Control Chart
• X-bar Chart

13. What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defects for a process with a variable
sample size:
• P Chart
• NP Chart
• C Chart
• U Chart

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 3 of 27

14. What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defectives for a process with a constant
sample size:
• P Chart
• NP Chart
• C Chart
• U Chart

15. Your process uses a tool to form a critical dimension, and this tool has cracked, causing a change in the
critical dimension. This an example of:
• Common cause variation
• Special Cause variation
• A lack of process capability
• An unstable, but capable process

16. At the Fancy Pants corporation, an X-bar and R chart is used to monitor the length of pants during a
production run where n=4 units are measured in each sample.

X-double bar is 24, R-bar is 3, n = 4.

During the latest sample of 4 units the following values were measured (25, 28, 26, 27), what is the
conclusion from this sample:

• Both the average and range charts are within the statistical control limits
• Both the average and range charts are out of the statistical control limits
• The range is within control, however the average is out of statistical control
• The average value is within control, however the range is out of statistical control

17. What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defects for a process with a constant
sample size:
• P Chart
• NP Chart
• C Chart
• U Chart

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 4 of 27

18. What factor determines which variable control chart should be used:
• Defects v. defectives
• The accuracy of the measurement system being used
• The acceptance sampling plan associated with your product
• The number of units sampled within each subgroup

19. The Acme Brick company measures the weight of bricks coming off the production line. 15 bricks are
measured per sub-group. Which of the following control charts is most appropriate?
• X-bar and R chart
• X-bar and S Chart
• P Chart
• C Chart

20. A p-chart monitors what type of attribute:

• The number of defective items in a subgroup
• The number of defects in a subgroup
• The percentage of defects in a subgroup
• The percentage of defectives in a subgroup

21. The Space Force Company would like to monitor a dimensional characteristic of their product however the
testing is destructive in nature and expensive.

What type of control chart would be most appropriate to monitor this production process:
• I-MR Chart
• X-bar and R Chart
• X-bar and S Chart
• C-chart
• NP Chart

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 5 of 27

22. Every month, the same 20 reports are submitted to the local finance department. When an error occurs, the
report is sent back for revision.

The finance department wants to monitor the number of reports rejected the first time each month. Which
of the following control charts would be most appropriate?
• I-MR Chart
• X-bar and R Chart
• X-bar and S Chart
• P-Chart
• NP-Chart
• U Chart

23. The Fake News Media Corporate collected data on the number of fake news stories published every day and
constructed a p-chart.

A sample of 100 articles are inspected every day, however this can vary. The average percentage of fake
news stories (defectives) was calculated as 0.106.

On a particular day 200 articles were inspected, and 47 fake news reports were observed. What is the
conclusion of this day:

• The sample is in statistical control and this is a normal level of fake news
• The sample is out of statistical control and there’s a lot of fake news going around

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 6 of 27

24. Using the following data points from these 5 sub-groups, calculate R-bar:

• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6

25. What is the UCL for a p-chart when the average daily inspection quantity is 50, and the historical percentage
of defectives is 0.05?
• 0.21
• 0.09
• 0.29
• 0.14
• 0.17

26. The Intelligent Radio Company manufactures smart radios and wants to control for the common defects
associated with their manufacturing process. Which of the following control charts is most appropriate?
• U chart
• NP Chart
• P Chart
• X-bar and R Chart

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 7 of 27

27. Consider the following Range chart. What conclusion can be drawn:

• The product is out of specifications

• The product is in specifications
• The process is out of specifications
• The process is in specification
• The process is out of control
• The process is in control

28. Consider the following NP Chart. What conclusion can be drawn:

• The product is out of specifications

• The product is in specifications
• The process is out of specifications
• The process is in specification
• The process is out of control
• The process is in control

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 8 of 27

29. A manufacturer has a product line that only produces parts once a quarter and the company would like to
monitor the process. Which of the following tools is most appropriate?
• Pre Control
• X-bar and S Chart
• I-MR chart
• P Chart
• Short Run SPC

30. A manufacturer wants to improve the way they start up their process to ensure that the product is within
specifications. Which tool would you recommend:
• Short Run SPC
• An X-bar and R Chart
• Pre-Control Chart
• Process Capability Analysis

31. Which of the following control charts is most sensitive to changes in the process:
• I-MR Chart
• P Chart
• C Chart
• X-bar and R Chart

32. Pencil Makers Incorporated uses an x-bar and R chart of n=5 to monitor the length of pencils coming off the
production line.

The inspector takes two samples, measures the length and plots their values on the X-bar chart as both data
points are outside of the upper control limit and decides to stop the process. What does this mean:

• Only the process range is out of statistical control

• Only the process average is out of statistical control
• Both the average and range are out of statistical control
• Nothing, the inspector is not executing the control chart appropriately

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 9 of 27

33. You’re constructing an NP chart, where you’ve sampled from 25 subgroups, each with 100 samples, and
found a total of 145 defective units. Calculate the UCL for this process.
• Not Enough Information Provided
• 5.8
• 0.058
• 7.0
• 12.8
• 14.5

34. You’re manufacturing a widget and using an X-bar and R chart to control the critical feature of the product.
Your normal process has the following attributes:

X-double bar is 225, R-bar is 12, n = 8.

Identify the upper and lower control limits for the range chart:

• 0
• 220.52
• 229.48
• 1.63
• 5.73
• 18.23
• 22.37

35. You’re manufacturing a widget and using an X-bar and R chart to control the critical feature of the product.
Your normal process has the following attributes:

X-double bar is 225, R-bar is 12, n = 8.

Identify the upper and lower control limits for the X-bar chart:

• 0
• 220.52
• 229.48
• 1.63
• 233.14
• 218.71
• 22.37

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 10 of 27

36. You manufacture a widget and use a c chart to monitor the number of defects associated with your process.
Your sample size is constant and on average you find 7 defects per sample.

Identify the upper and lower control limits for the c chart:

• 0
• 2
• 4
• 10
• 12
• 15

37. You manufacture a widget and use an x-bar and s chart to monitor your process where you sample 15 units
in each subgroup.

What factor should be used to calculate the upper control limits of the X-bar chart?

• 0.975
• 0.789
• 0.680
• 0.428
• 1.572
• 0.972

38. You manufacture a widget and use an x-bar and S chart to monitor your process, where you sample 5 units
in each subgroup, and s-bar = 4.2.

Estimate the population standard deviation for this process.

• 4.2
• 2.1
• 8.4
• 3.9
• 4.5

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 11 of 27

39. You manufacture a widget and use an x-bar and R chart to monitor your process, where you sample 3 units
in each subgroup, and R-bar = 16.0.

Estimate the population standard deviation for this process.

• 16.0
• 9.5
• 27.1
• 13.2

40. What is the LCL for a p-chart when the average daily inspection quantity is 125, and the historical
percentage of defectives is 0.10?
• 0.00
• 0.02
• 0.10
• 0.18
• 0.20

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 12 of 27

Problem Set Solution:
1. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are True:
• The X-bar chart often has a lower control limit of zero – False, depending on the sample size, the range
chart can sometimes have an LCL of zero, but the x-bar chart does not necessarily often have an LCL of
zero.
• The I-MR chart is the only control chart that can be used with both discrete and variable data. – False, the
I-MR chart only works with variable data.
• Approximately half of the data points on a control chart should be above the centerline - True
• The p chart and NP chart are created based on the binomial distribution as they trend defective items. -
True

2. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are False:
• Prior to determining if a process is in control, you must first confirm that the process is capable of meeting
specification –False, capability is not required prior to process control
• Control charts are robust enough that data can be re-arranged on the X-axis and will still detect when a
process is out of statistical control. – False, The x-axis of a control chart must be arranged in the original
time sequence that the data was collected.
• Unlike other control charts, pre-control charts are not statistically based. - True
• Attribute control charts are less sensitive than variable control charts to changes in your process - True

3. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are True:
• A control chart is constructed based on acceptance sampling requirements – False, these two concepts
are not related
• If a process is in statistical control it will never produce a unit outside of the control limits. – False, a
process can be stable, but not capable, and still produce parts that are out of specification.
• The key concept of rational subgrouping is that the variability within a sample should be minimized
resulting in a homogenous sample - True
• Variable control charts work in pairs. One controls for the central tendency of the process while the other
controls for the variation within the process - True

4. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are False:
• For a process to be stable over time, the process capability must be greater than 1.0 – False, process
capability is not required for process stability
• The average sample standard deviation (s-bar) is an unbiased estimate of the population standard
deviation – False, the population standard deviation can be calculated as s-bar divided by the factor C4.
• The primary benefit of a control is to help you identify when your process is being influenced by special
causes of variation. - True
• The I-MR chart is the only control chart that can be used with non-normal data – False, the I-MR chart is
heavily dependent on the assumption of a normally distributed population

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 13 of 27

5. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are True:
• One of the benefits of a pre-control chart is that it provides information on how to bring a process back
into statistical control. False, a pre-control chart might identify that your process is not centered, but it
does not indicate how to bring the process back into control.
• A unit can be defective, but cannot have multiple defects – False, a defective CAN have multiple defects.
• Control limits create the boundaries between common cause variation and special cause variation - True
• The control limits on a control chart mimic the 5% alpha risk of a hypothesis test thus the control limits are
2σ from the mean to capture 95% of the process variation. – False, the control limits capture 3σ, and thus
capture >99% of the process variation

6. Identify all the statements below regarding control charts that are False:
• The primary objective of SPC is to remove all defective units from a production lot prior to shipment to the
customer. False – SPC is only meant to detect when a process is out of control, it is not meant as a
screening tool to remove all defective units from a production lot.
• Having data outside the control limits is the only criteria to confirm that a process is out of statistical
control. - False, there are other criteria and rules that exist that would indicate that a process is out of
control
• A defective unit can have multiple defects - True
• The X-bar and R chart should be used for attribute variable data whose sample size is between 2 – 9. –
False

7. What tool below is best suited to help identify special cause variation within your process:
• Pareto Chart
• Gantt Chart
• Control Chart
• Flow Diagram
• Scatter Diagram

8. A control chart showed a data point outside the control limit however no action was taken - what is this an
example of:
• Common cause variation
• special cause variation
• The re-sampling fallacy
• Under Adjustment
• Over Adjustment

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 14 of 27

9. Which Quality Guru is often credited with introducing the first control chart
• W. Edwards Deming
• Walter Shewhart
• Joseph M. Juran
• Kaoru Ishikawa

10. Which probability distribution is used to construct the c-chart:

• The Normal Distribution
• The Exponential Distribution
• The Poisson Distribution
• The Binomial Distribution

11. What type of variation occurs when a process is in control:

• Variable
• Attribute
• Common Cause
• Special Cause
• None of the above

12. Fill in the blank: A _______________ is defined as a collection of units that are all produced under the same
conditions.
• Rational Subgroup
• Proper Sample Size
• Heterogenous Sample
• Acceptance Sample
• Discrete Control Chart
• X-bar Chart

13. What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defects for a process with a variable
sample size:
• P Chart
• NP Chart
• C Chart
• U Chart

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 15 of 27

14. What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defectives for a process with a constant
sample size:
• P Chart
• NP Chart
• C Chart
• U Chart

15. Your process uses a tool to form a critical dimension, and this tool has cracked, causing a change in the
critical dimension. This an example of:
• Common cause variation
• Special Cause variation
• A lack of process capability
• An unstable, but capable process

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 16 of 27

16. At the Fancy Pants corporation, an X-bar and R chart is used to monitor the length of pants during a
production run where n=4 units are measured in each sample.

X-double bar is 24, R-bar is 3, n = 4.

During the latest sample of 4 units the following values were measured (25, 28, 26, 27), what is the
conclusion from this sample:

• Both the average and range charts are within the statistical control limits
• Both the average and range charts are out of the statistical control limits
• The range is within control, however the average is out of statistical control
• The average value is within control, however the range is out of statistical control

First, we must calculate the average and range associated with this latest sample of 4 units (25, 28, 26, 27).

The range is 3, and the average is 26.5.

Now we must calculate our control limits for our process.

𝑼𝑪𝑳𝑿̅ = 𝑋̿ + 𝐴2 𝑅̅ = 24 + 0.729 ∗ 3 = 26.19

𝑳𝑪𝑳𝑿̅ = 𝑋̿ − 𝐴2 𝑅̅ = 24 − 0.729 ∗ 3 = 21.81

𝑼𝑪𝑳𝑹 = 𝐷4 𝑅̅ = 2.282 ∗ 3 = 6.846

𝑳𝑪𝑳𝑹 = 𝐷3 𝑅̅ = 0 ∗ 3 = 0

Now we can compare our values (Range = 3, Average = 26.5) against the control limits.

The measured range of 3 is within the control limits, however the average value (26.5) is greater than the upper
control limit (26.19).

17. What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defects for a process with a constant
sample size:
• P Chart
• NP Chart
• C Chart
• U Chart

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 17 of 27

18. What factor determines which variable control chart should be used:
• Defects v. defectives
• The accuracy of the measurement system being used
• The acceptance sampling plan associated with your product
• The number of units sampled within each subgroup

19. The Acme Brick company measures the weight of bricks coming off the production line. 15 bricks are
measured per sub-group. Which of the following control charts is most appropriate?
• X-bar and R chart
• X-bar and S Chart
• P Chart
• C Chart

20. A p-chart monitors what type of attribute:

• The number of defective items in a subgroup
• The number of defects in a subgroup
• The percentage of defects in a subgroup
• The percentage of defectives in a subgroup

21. The Space Force Company would like to monitor a dimensional characteristic of their product however the
testing is destructive in nature and expensive.

What type of control chart would be most appropriate to monitor this production process:
• I-MR Chart
• X-bar and R Chart
• X-bar and S Chart
• C-chart
• NP Chart

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 18 of 27

22. Every month, the same 20 reports are submitted to the local finance department. When an error occurs, the
report is sent back for revision.

The finance department wants to monitor the number of reports rejected the first time each month. Which
of the following control charts would be most appropriate?
• I-MR Chart
• X-bar and R Chart
• X-bar and S Chart
• P-Chart
• NP-Chart
• U Chart

23. The Fake News Media Corporate collected data on the number of fake news stories published every day and
constructed a p-chart.

A sample of 100 articles are inspected every day, however this can vary. The average percentage of fake
news stories (defectives) was calculated as 0.106.

On a particular day, 200 articles were inspected and 47 fake news reports were observed. What is the
conclusion of this day:

• The sample is in statistical control and this is a normal level of fake news
• The sample is out of statistical control and there’s a lot of fake news going around

First, we must calculate the percentage of defectives found in the inspection. We found 47 defectives (Fake news
articles) in a sample of 200.

Thus, our percentage defective is 0.235.

Now we must use our historical data to calculate the control limits for this process

𝑝̅ (1 − 𝑝̅ ) 0.106(1 − 0.106)
𝑈𝐶𝐿𝑝̅ = 𝑝̅ + 3√ = 0.106 + 3√ = 0.1713
𝑛̅ 200

𝑝̅ (1 − 𝑝̅ ) 0.106(1 − 0.106)
𝐿𝐶𝐿𝑝̅ = 𝑝̅ − 3√ = 0.106 − 3√ = 0.041
𝑛̅ 200

Our measured percentage defective is greater than the upper control limit, thus we can confirm that on this day,
the process is out of control and there is a lot of fake news going around.

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 19 of 27

24. Using the following data points from these 5 sub-groups, calculate R-bar:

• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6

First, we must solve for the Range value for each sub-group, shown in the far-right hand column. Then we must
take the average value of the 5 sub-group ranges to find the average range value of 3 (R-bar).

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 20 of 27

25. What is the UCL for a p-chart when the average daily inspection quantity is 50, and the historical percentage
of defectives is 0.05?
• 0.21
• 0.09
• 0.29
• 0.14
• 0.17

𝑝̅ (1 − 𝑝̅ ) 0.05(1 − 0.05)
𝑈𝐶𝐿𝑝̅ = 𝑝̅ + 3√ = 0.05 + 3√ = 0.05 + 3√0.00095 = 0.142
𝑛̅ 50

26. The Intelligent Radio Company manufactures smart radios and wants to control for the common defects
associated with their manufacturing process. Which of the following control charts is most appropriate?
• U chart
• NP Chart
• P Chart
• X-bar and R Chart

27. Consider the following Range chart. What conclusion can be drawn:

• The product is out of specifications

• The product is in specifications
• The process is out of specifications
• The process is in specification
• The process is out of control
• The process is in control

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 21 of 27

28. Consider the following NP Chart. What conclusion can be drawn:

• The product is out of specifications

• The product is in specifications
• The process is out of specifications
• The process is in specification
• The process is out of control
• The process is in control

29. A manufacturer has a particular product line that only produces parts once a quarter and the company
would like to monitor the process. Which of the following tools is most appropriate:
• Pre Control
• X-bar and S Chart
• I-MR chart
• P Chart
• Short Run SPC

30. A manufacturer wants to improve the way they start up their process to ensure that the product is within
specifications. Which tool would you recommend:
• Short Run SPC
• An X-bar and R Chart
• Pre-Control Chart
• Process Capability Analysis

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 22 of 27

31. Which of the following control charts is most sensitive to changes in the process:
• I-MR Chart
• P Chart
• C Chart
• X-bar and R Chart

32. Pencil Makers Incorporated uses an x-bar and R chart of n=5 to monitor the length of pencils coming off the
production line.

The inspector takes two samples, measures the length and plots their values on the X-bar chart as both data
points are outside of the upper control limit and decides to stop the process. What does this mean:

• Only the process range is out of statistical control

• Only the process average is out of statistical control
• Both the average and range are out of statistical control
• Nothing, the inspector is not executing the control chart appropriately

33. You’re constructing an NP chart, where you’ve sampled from 25 subgroups, each with 100 samples, and
found a total of 145 defective units. Calculate the UCL for this process.
• Not Enough Information Provided
• 5.8
• 0.058
• 7.0
• 12.8
• 14.5

∑ 𝑛𝑝 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 145

𝑝̅ = % 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 = = = = 0.058
∑𝑛 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 2500

∑ 𝑛𝑝 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑙𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 145

𝑛𝑝̅ 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = = = = 5.8
𝑘 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑠 25

𝑈𝐶𝐿𝑛𝑝 = 𝑛𝑝̅ + 3√𝑛𝑝̅ (1 − 𝑝̅ ) = 5.8 + 3√5.8(1 − 0.058) = 5.8 + 7.0 = 12.8

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 23 of 27

34. You’re manufacturing a widget and using an X-bar and R chart to control the critical feature of the product.
Your normal process has the following attributes:

X-double bar is 225, R-bar is 12, n = 8.

Identify the upper and lower control limits for the range chart:

• 0
• 220.52
• 229.48
• 1.63
• 5.73
• 18.23
• 22.37

Let’s calculate our control limits for this control chart

𝑼𝑪𝑳𝑹 = 𝐷4 𝑅̅ = 1.864 ∗ 12 = 22.37

𝑳𝑪𝑳𝑹 = 𝐷3 𝑅̅ = 0.136 ∗ 12 = 1.63

35. You’re manufacturing a widget and using an X-bar and R chart to control the critical feature of the product.
Your normal process has the following attributes:

X-double bar is 225, R-bar is 12, n = 8.

Identify the upper and lower control limits for the X-bar chart:

• 0
• 220.52
• 229.48
• 1.63
• 233.14
• 218.71
• 22.37

Let’s calculate our control limits for this control chart

𝑼𝑪𝑳𝑿̅ = 𝑋̿ + 𝐴2 𝑅̅ = 225 + 0.373 ∗ 12 = 229.48

𝑳𝑪𝑳𝑿̅ = 𝑋̿ − 𝐴2 𝑅̅ = 225 − 0.373 ∗ 12 = 220.52

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 24 of 27

36. You manufacture a widget and use a c chart to monitor the number of defects associated with your process.
Your sample size is constant and on average you find 7 defects per sample.

Identify the upper and lower control limits for the c chart:

• 0
• 2
• 4
• 10
• 12
• 15

Below are the calculations of the control limits for the c chart:

𝑈𝐶𝐿𝑐 = 𝑐̅ + 3√𝑐̅ = 7 + 3√7 = 14.94

𝑈𝐶𝐿𝑐 = 𝑐̅ − 3√𝑐̅ = 7 − 3√7 = −0.94 = 0

37. You manufacture a widget and use an x-bar and s chart to monitor your process where you sample 15 units
in each subgroup.

What factor should be used to calculate the upper control limits of the X-bar chart?

• 0.975
• 0.789
• 0.680
• 0.428
• 1.572
• 0.972

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 25 of 27

38. You manufacture a widget and use an x-bar and S chart to monitor your process, where you sample 5 units
in each subgroup, and s-bar = 4.2.

Estimate the population standard deviation for this process.

• 4.2
• 2.1
• 8.4
• 3.9
• 4.5

We divide S-bar by the factor c4, which is based on the n=5 sample size.

𝒔̅ 𝟒. 𝟐
̂=
𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝝈 = = 𝟒. 𝟓
𝑪𝟒 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟎𝟎

39. You manufacture a widget and use an x-bar and R chart to monitor your process, where you sample 3 units
in each subgroup, and R-bar = 16.0.

Estimate the population standard deviation for this process.

• 16.0
• 9.5
• 27.1
• 13.2

We divide R-bar by the factor d2, which is based on the n=3 sample size.

̅
𝑹 𝟏𝟔
̂=
𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝝈 = = 𝟗. 𝟓
𝒅𝟐 𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝟑

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 26 of 27

40. What is the LCL for a p-chart when the average daily inspection quantity is 125, and the historical
percentage of defectives is 0.10?
• 0.00
• 0.02
• 0.10
• 0.18
• 0.20

𝒑̅ (𝟏 − 𝒑
̅)
̅ − 𝟑√
𝑳𝑪𝑳𝒑̅ = 𝒑
̅
𝒏

𝟎. 𝟏𝟎(𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎)
𝑳𝑪𝑳𝒑̅ = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑√ = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑√𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
𝟏𝟐𝟓

Statistical Process Control Practice Exam Page 27 of 27