Scribd
Upload
260 views

Phase Diagram of Binary System PDF

This document describes the phase diagram of a binary system consisting of phenol and water. It explains that phenol and water are partially miscible, forming two liquid phases at certain compositions and temperatures. The phase diagram shows the single-phase and two-phase regions, with the critical solution temperature marking the highest temperature where two phases can exist. Experiments are conducted to determine the temperatures where turbidity first appears and disappears for mixtures with varying phenol content, in order to construct the phase diagram curve and understand the solubility and miscibility of phenol in water.

Uploaded by

Grgt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
260 views

Phase Diagram of Binary System PDF

This document describes the phase diagram of a binary system consisting of phenol and water. It explains that phenol and water are partially miscible, forming two liquid phases at certain compositions and temperatures. The phase diagram shows the single-phase and two-phase regions, with the critical solution temperature marking the highest temperature where two phases can exist. Experiments are conducted to determine the temperatures where turbidity first appears and disappears for mixtures with varying phenol content, in order to construct the phase diagram curve and understand the solubility and miscibility of phenol in water.

Uploaded by

Grgt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Philadelphia University

Faculty of Pharmacy
Physical Pharmacy Lab (0520225)

1
Phase diagram of binary
system

2
Phase diagram of binary system
• Different liquids when mixed together might
be:
 completely miscible like (water and ethanol)
resulting always in one phase
 completely immiscible (like water and
mercury) resulting always in two phases
 partially miscible (like water and phenol)
resulting in one or two phases of variable
content and weight according to variable
conditions.
3
• Phase diagram is a graphic representation of
the different phases in a system as a function
of two or more variables used to describe the
system.

• Expression of the different phases resulting


by a phase diagram is important to
understand how solubilization may be
obtained and so having homogeneous
prescriptions of immiscible drugs.

4
• In this experiment you are going to draw the
phase diagram of phenol and water binary
system by varying the %content of phenol( x-
axis) and studying the resulting temperature
of miscibility (y-axis) between the two phases

• Pure phenol is solid; in this experiment it is


considered as a liquid since addition of the
first quantity of water lowers its melting point
and brings it to a liquid phase.

5
Temperature–composition diagram for the system consisting of water and
phenol

6
The following plot is an illustrative phase diagram
representing the phenol-water partially miscible
binary system

7
In this diagram:
• The region outside this curve contains systems
having one liquid phase.

• The region inside this curve contains systems


having two liquid phases.

• Two phases region : composed of Aqueous


phase and phenolic phase immiscible with
each other

8
• system containing a total
content of phenol equal to A%
in water at temperature equal
to T1 , we will have definitely
two phases.
• Starting to increase the
temperature of this system , if
we record the first temperature
beyond which one
homogeneous phase is
obtained, this temperature will
be equal to T2 .
• If we cool the system again, at
the same temperature T2 , the
system will separate into two
phases again.
9
• The line a-b is called the Tie line and is parallel to
the abscissa (x-coordinate) for a two-component
system 10
• If we take pure water at T2 (point
w) and start to add phenol to the
system while maintaining the
temperature constant, the first
quantity of phenol added will
dissolve completely in water
until saturation is reached at
point a.

• After that, the added phenol will


cause separation of additional
layer (we cross the phase diagram
from outside to inside through the
point a). This will occur when the
total added phenol equivalent to
A% which represents phenol
solubility in water
11
• c point is the Critical Solution Temperature which is the
maximum temperature at which the two-phase region
exists, or the lowest temperature at which there is always
one phase in the system.

12
 All the systems that lie on the tie line (at equilibrium)
will have two phases of the same composition in
similar layers:
1. The upper layer which is mainly aqueous is always
containing A% phenol /water total composition.
2. The lower layer which is mainly phenolic is always
containing B% phenol/ware or (100-B) %
water/phenol total composition.

13
• Going from a to b along the
tie line (by increasing the
overall content of phenol in
the system while maintaining
the temperature constant),
the above composition of the
two layers will not change.

• Instead, the amount of the


mostly phenolic layer will
increase and the amount of
the mostly aqueous layer will
decrease.

14
The weight of each of the two layers at the point
d for example, can be found from the equation:

• Weight of the upper layer/Weight of the


lower layer = Length of db/Length of ad

15
Addition of a third component to the previous
system affects the whole phase diagram obtained
by the experiment.

1. If this component is soluble in both phenol and


water, it will increase the miscibility between
them and lower the critical solution
temperature.

2. If the added material is soluble in one of them


only, it will lower the miscibility and increase the
critical solution temperature. 16
Procedure:
1. A series of 6 test tubes containing the following
percentages of phenol in water total compositions are
already prepared:10%, 20%, 35%, 50%, 70%, 90%.
2. Immerse the first test tube in a water bath of about
80°C.
3. Enter a thermometer inside the test tube and stir the
contents with it gently until you obtain one clear
phase
4. Take the test tube out of the water bath, cool under a
gentle stream of tap water. When the first turbidity
occurs, record the temperature T1 .
5. Return the test tube to the water bath, when the last
turbidity disappears, record the temperature T2
6. Repeat the same procedure with all the test tubes.
17
Report sheet

18
Report sheet

19
Use the attached data
%Phenol/water total T1 (°C) T2 (°C)
composition
10 44 40
20 52 50
35 62 58
50 70 66
70 52 51
75 42 40

20

You might also like